Unit 4 Scientists Who Changed the World 单词讲义-高中英语牛津译林版（2020）必修第三册

UNIT4republicn.共和国，共和政体newlyindependentrepublics新独立的共和国malarian.疟疾deadlyadj.致命的；十足的，彻底的adeadlyweapon/disease致命的武器/疾病deadlypoison剧毒deadlyserious/dull极其严肃认真/乏味survivaln.生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物Lifebecameastruggleforsurvival.survivevt.&vi.幸免遇难，幸存；生存，存活；比…活的时间长survivorn.生存者；残存者；幸存者surviveon...依靠……生活survivesb.by... 比某人多活……Luckily,vincen.省，省份broadadj.广泛的；宽阔的，广阔的；概括的；开阔的inbroadterms大体上说broadandwide全部；全体abroadstreet/river宽广的街道/河流abroadsmile咧嘴笑intendvt.&vi.想要，计划；意指intendtodo/doingsth.打算做某事intendsbtodo打算让某人做某事Heintendstostudy/studyingabroadnextyear.他打算明年去国外留学。hadintendedtodosth./intendedtohavedone本打算做某事intendedadj.打算的，计划的beintendedfor为……打算(或设计)的beintendedtodo...打算做……Tentionn.[U,C]意图;目的;企图havetheintentiontodosth./ofdoingsth.有……目的/打算withtheintentionof抱有……目的/打算byintention故意地extractn.提取物；选录vt.提取；选录；取出；设法得到Thefollowingextractistakenfromhernewnovel.下面一段摘自她的新小说。Heextractedasmallnotebookfromhishippocket.他从屁股兜里摸出一个小笔记本。herbn.药草，香草；草本referto（referred-referred,referring）查阅，参考；提到，谈及Hermotherneverreferredtohimagain.Thisparagraphreferstotheeventsoflastyear.refertoadictionary=looksth.upinthedictionaryreferto...as把……看作/称作...refer...to....把…提交给...referencen.提及；查阅，参考；推荐信；介绍人make(a)referenceto查阅，参考；提到，谈及in/withreferenceto关于forreference以备查阅；以供参考experimentn.实验，试验；尝试，实践vi.做实验，进行试验；尝试do/perform/conductanexperiment做实验experimenton对...进行试验；试用trialn.试用，试验；审讯，审判；考验vi.&vt.测试，试验Sheagreedtoemploymeforatrialperiod.她同意我试用一段时间。ontrial在试验中；在受审stand/goontrial 受到审判trialanderror 反复试验limitedadj.有限的Wearedoingourbestwiththelimitedresourcesavailable.limitvt./n.[C]限制limit...to...把……限定在……belimitedto局限于……Theteacherlimitedhisstudentsto500wordsfortheircompositions.beyondthelimit超过限度withoutlimit无限制地setalimitto设...的限度thereisa/nolimitto... ……是有/没有限度的limitlessadj.无限制的，无止境的householdadj.家庭的，家用的，家务的n.一家人，家庭householdgoods家庭用品；日用商品ahouseholdname/word家喻户晓（十分出名）的名字/词containern.容器；集装箱；货柜Thiscontainercanholdacanoffruit.这个容器能装一罐水果。containvt.包含；容纳；容忍；控制，克制containoneself克制自己Thegirlwenttopickupthebagcontainingmuchmoney.postponevt.延迟，延期postponesth(to/untilsth)将某物推迟到...postponedoingsth推迟做某事Wewillhavetopostponethemeetingto/untilnextweek.Let’spostponemakingadecisionuntilwehavemoreinformation.sufficientadj.足够的，充足的Insufficientadj.sufficientcondition充分条件havesufficientknowledgeforthework有足够的知识应付工作besufficienttodosth/forsthIs£100sufficientforyourexpenses?Themoneyisnotsufficienttocovereverythingthatneedsdoing.datan.数据，资料，材料dataprocessing数据处理dataanalysis数据分析speedup（使）加速ataspeedof...以……的速度atlow/high/full/topspeed以低/高/全/最高速pickupspeed加速Ihadalreadytakenstepstospeedupasolutiontotheproblem.我已经采取措施加快解决这个问题。payoff成功，奏效，达到目的payoff得到好结果，取得成功；偿清，还清;付清工资后解雇，遣散payoff表示“得到回报”时，无被动语态，且一般用表示事物的名词作主语；表示“偿清”时，用人作主语。Itwilltakehimtherestofhislifetopayoffthatloan.那笔贷款将需要他的余生才能还清。Theireffortspaidoffintheend.他们的努力最终有了回报。payfor为……付钱；为……付出代价payback还钱；报复；回报errorn.错误，差错throughtrialanderror反复试验Mostinventionsaremadethroughtrialanderror.大部分发明都要经过反复的实验才能成功.wisdomn.智慧，知识，学问；才智；明智wiseadj.明智的→wiselyadv.明智地inone’swisdom以某人的智慧Thegovernmentinitswisdomhasdecidedtosupporttheban.Thereceivedwisdomisthattheycannotwin.beneficialadj.有益的，有用的Beingexposedtoaforeigncultureisbeneficialforustolearnthelocallanguage.在外国文化环境中熏陶有利于我们学习当地语言。benefitv.对……有用，使受益n.益处benefitfrom/by得益于，得利于beofbenefitto=bebeneficialto对……有益，对……有用forsb.'sbenefit＝forthebenefitofsb.为了某人的利益conductvi.&vt.组织，实施；指挥；引导；举止conductasurvey/anexperiment进行调查/实验conductoneselfwell/badly（行为）表现好/差TheconcertconductedbyAndrewturnedouttobeverysuccessful.Heconductedaudiencetotheirseats.conductn.[U]行为，举止；管理方法Therewasgrowingcriticismofthegovernment'sconductofthewar.illustratevt.说明，解释；加插图于illustratethat说明...illustrate...with...用...诠释...illustrationn.图表，插图；示例penicillinn.青霉素，盘尼西林mould(AmEmold)n.霉菌；模具；类型vt.浇铸；塑造bacterian.(sing.bacterium)细菌surroundvt.围绕，环绕；包围；与...紧密相关surround...with...使……包围……besurroundedby/with...被……包围surroundingadj.周围的surroundingsn.环境,周围的事物indicatevt.表明；暗示；提及；指出indicationn.表明；标示；显示；象征indicatetosbthat向某人暗示...accidentn.意外，偶然的事；事故，意外遭遇haveanaccident出事故trafficaccidents交通事故Itisnoaccidentthat...绝非偶然byaccident偶然，意外地intelligentadj.有才智的，聪明的；有智力的intelligencen.智力；聪明intelligentsoftware/systems智能软件/系统apersonofhighintelligence智力高的人favour(AmEfavor)vt.较喜欢；偏袒；有助于n.帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒Thewarmclimatefavoursmanytypesoftropicalplants.温暖的气候对多种热带植物生长有利。asksb.afavour(＝askafavourofsb.)求某人帮一个忙doafavourforsb.(＝dosb.afavour)帮某人一个忙infavourof赞成，支持；主张inone’sfavour对某人有利Wouldanyonesaythatdevelopmentshouldbestoppedinfavourofnature?有人说为了保护自然就应该停止经济发展吗?favourableadj.有利的；赞许的；给人好印象的politiciann.政治家，从政者；投机钻营者politicsn.政治politicaladj.政治的;政党的lightningn.闪电electricityn.电，电能theelectricitysupply电力供应electricadj.电的；发电的；电动的electricaladj.用电的;与电有关的anelectriccurrent/charge电流/电荷electricalequipment电气设备theoryn.学说，论；原理；看法，意见intheory从理论上说;照理说thunderstormn.雷雨，雷暴ribbonn.带子，丝带；带状物metaln.金属chargevi.&vt.充电；收费；控告；谴责；使...承担责任；使充满n.收费；控告；谴责；掌管chargesbforsth为某物向某人收取费用Wewon'tchargeyoufordelivery.chargesbwith(doing)sth=accusesbof（doing）sth控告某人做某事Hewaschargedwithmurder.takechargeof掌管；负责inchargeof控制；管理inthechargeof=inone’scharge被...所管理Theteacherisinchargeoftheclass.=Theclassisinthechargeoftheteacher.freeofcharge=forfree免费electricadj.电的，发电的，电动的bangn.突然的巨响；猛敲，猛击vi.&vt.砸；砰地关上；猛摔；碰撞bangsthdown猛摔某物bangsthon/againststh把..摔到...上withabang很成功；引人注目，有强烈影响Thepartywentwithabang.聚会十分圆满。standoutadj.突出的n.突出的人（或物）outstandingadj.杰出的，优秀的，出色的anstandout/outstandingplayer杰出的运动员standout突出Sheisthesortofpersonwhostandsoutinacrowd.atomicadj.原子能的；原子的bombn.炸弹；核武器vt.轰炸abombgoesoff/explodes炸弹爆炸abombattack/explosion轰炸/炸弹爆炸eviln.罪恶，罪行；害处，坏处adj.恶毒的；有害的；恶魔的involvevt.包含；牵涉，影响；（使）参加involvementn.参与；卷入be/getinvolvedin牵涉，牵连，卷入Howmanyvehicleswereinvolvedinthecrash?这次撞车事故涉及多少辆汽车？involvesbin(doing)sth使某人参与（做）某事Parentsshouldinvolvethemselvesintheirchild'seducation.父母应当参与孩子的教育。scientificadj.科学的，关于科学的；细致严谨的creditn.[U]赞扬，认可；信用vt.存入金额；把..归于toone’scredit某人值得赞扬/钦佩beacredittosb/sth为某人/某物争光/赢得了荣誉dosbacredit=docredittosb使某人值得表扬acreditcard信用卡oncredit赊账becreditedwith因为...有功劳becreditedto应归功于...moraladj.道德的；道义上的；品行端正的n.品行，道德；寓意moralityn.道德；道德准则traditionalmoralvalues传统的道德观念mattersofpublic/privatemorality公众/个人道德问题Thedeclineinstandardsofpersonalmorality个人道德标准的下降applyvi.&vt.应用；申请；涂；有关appliedadj.应用的applicationn.申请(书);应用applicantn.申请人apply...to...把...应用于/将...涂抹在...上applyto...for...向……申请Applythecreamsparinglytoyourfaceandneck.Hisprojectisconcernedwithapplyingthetechnologytopracticalbusinessproblems.applyoneselfto(=beappliedto)致力于/专心于……applyto...适用于...negatevt.取消，使无效；否认，否定intellectualadj.脑力的；有才智的，智力发达的n.知识分子，脑力劳动者intellectualcuriosity求知欲anintellectualnovel推理小说mysteryn.神秘；神秘的人（或事物）’悬疑作品mysteriousadj.神秘的;难以理解的remainamystery仍然是个谜letsbdown使某人失望letout发出（声音）Iamafraidshewillletusdownbadly.恐怕她会让我们大失所望。ignorancen.无知inignoranceofsth不知道某事outofignorance出于无知Childrenoftenbehavebadlyoutof/throughignorance.儿童往往出于无知而不守规矩。ignorantadj.无知的；愚昧的beignorantof/aboutsth不知道某事asto关于，至于asfor=withregardto=withrespectto至于，关于I'minapuzzleastowhattodonext.对于下一步该做什么我也不知道.takeitforgranted想当然地认为；认为...是理所应当的takesthforgranted=takeitforgrantedthat...Don'ttakeitforgrantedthatyourparentswillexcuseyou.不要认为父母原谅你是理所当然的事.freedomn.自由freeadj.自由的；免费的；空闲的v.摆脱；使自由havethefreedomtodosth有做某事的自由freedomofspeech言论自由befreetodosth随心所欲做某事freesbfrom/ofsth使某人摆脱...authorityn.权威，权力；官方peopleinpositionsofauthority当权者havetheauthoritytodosth有权做某事Thelocalauthority地方政府部门under/ontheauthorityofsb在某人的授权下permitvi.&vt.(permitted-permitted,permitting)允许，准许，许可；使有可能n.许可证permitsb.（todo）sth...允许某人（做）某事permitdoingsth.允许做某事permitsb.sth.允许某人做某事applyforapermit申请许可证permissionn.准许；许可askforpermission请求许可withoutpermission未经许可Weather/Timepermitting,...天气/时间允许,……responsibilityn.责任，负责；职责，义务responsibleadj.有责任的，应负责的irresponsi