2023学年完整版Unit3Computers同步练习11

Unit3Computers同步练习【本讲教育信息】一、教学内容必修2Unit3Computers被动语态——Thepassivevoice（2）二、本周知识精讲（一）现在完成时被动语态的构成与用法1.现在完成时被动语态的构成：have／has+been+及物动词的过去分词例：Twowindowshavebeenbroken.两个窗子被打破了。ThechildhasbeentakencareofbyGrandmaWangalltheseyears.这些年，这个孩子一直由王奶奶照顾。Howmanynewwordshavebeenlearnedbythestudents？这些学生已经学会了多少新单词？2.现在完成时被动语态的主要用法（1）表示一个被动的动作发生在说话之前，强调对现在造成的影响和结果。例：Thedoorhasbeenlocked.门被锁上了。（2）表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能将持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于Howlong…？的句型中。例：Theyhavebeentoldaboutitformanytimes.有人告诉他们这事很多次了。Howlonghasthemachinebeenused？这台机器使用多久了？3.现在完成时被动语态应注意的几个地方1）注意与一般过去时被动语态的区别。一般过去时被动语态所表示的动作和状态与现在没有联系，而现在完成时被动语态强调与现在的联系。Thebridgewasbuiltlastyear.这座桥是去年建的。Thebridgehasbeenbuilt.这座桥已经建好了。2）注意与现在完成进行时的区别现在完成进行时(have/has+been+doing）表示在过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作，这一动作可能刚完成，也可能仍在进行。Youhavebeenstudyingfortenhours.Youmusttakearest.你已经学了10个小时了。你必须休息一下。Shemustbetired,forshehasbeendancingallday.她肯定累了，因为她一整天一直在跳舞。3）注意特殊动词：borrow,finish,begin,buy,start,return,marry,open,join等构成的被动语态不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，否则要改换动词和状态。例：这本书买了多久了？（）Howlonghasthisbookbeenbought？（）Howlongagowasthisbookbought？即学即用：1.—Whydoesthelakesmellterrible?—Becauselargequantitiesofwater.A.havepolluted B.isbeingpollutedC.hasbeenpolluted D.havebeenpolluted2.Millionsofpounds’worthofdamage___byastormwhichsweptacrossthenorthofEnglandlastnight.A.hasbeencaused B.hadbeencausedC.willbecaused D.willhavebeencause3.—Hi,Tom,youlooktired.—Ofcourse.I___thelivingroomallday.A.hadpainted B.paintedC.havebeenpainted D.havebeenpainting答案：DAD（二）非谓语动词的被动语态Sunglassescanprotectyoureyesfrombeinghurt.太阳镜可以保护你的眼睛免受伤害。Havingbeenfired,Ihadtofindanotherjobtosupportmyfamily.被解雇后，我必须找到另一份工作来养家糊口。Nobodywillliketobetreatedlikethis.没人喜欢被如此对待。Heseemedtohavebeentoldthetruth.他似乎已经被告知真相。即学即用：1.—You’vegotagoodresultinyourresearch,haven’tyou?—Yes,butmuch________.A.remainstodo B.isremainedtodoC.remainstobedone D.hasremainedtodoit2.Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledto______.A.thethiefhavingcaught B.catchthethiefC.thethiefbeingcaught D.thethieftobecaughtmanytimes,theboystilldidn’tknowhowtodotheexercisesA.Havingtaught B.HavingbeentaughtC.Taught D.Teaching答案：CCB（三）一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think等可以用于句型“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”或“主语＋be＋过去分词＋todosth.”。常见的有：据说…… Itissaidthat…据报道…… Itisreportedthat…据推测…… Itissupposedthat…希望…… Itishopedthat…众所周知…… Itiswellknownthat…普遍认为…… Itisgenerallyconsideredthat…有人建议…… Itissuggestedthat…大家相信…… Itisbelievedthat…必须指出…… Itmustbepointedoutthat…例：Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedthenationalexam.＝Theboyissaidtohavepassedthenationalexam.据说那个男孩通过了全国性的考试。Itisreportedthatthefilmstarhasdivorcedwithhiswife.=Thefilmstarisreportedtohavedivorcedwithhiswife.据报道那个电影明星与他的妻子离婚了。ItiswellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp.=ThomasEdisoniswellknowntohaveinventedtheelectriclamp.众所周知，爱迪生发明了电灯。即学即用：Thatbook_________intoatleast20foreignlanguages.A.hassaidtobetranslatedB.hasbeensaidtohavetranslatedC.issaidthatithadbeentranslatedD.issaidtohavebeentranslated答案：D（四）动词的主动形式表示被动意义1.有些动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词，当它们和well,badly,easily等副词连用时，表示主语的内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有：write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook等。例：Theclothwasheseasily.这衣服很好洗。Thenewproductsellswell.这款新产品很畅销。Thepenwritessmoothly.这支笔写字很流畅。Classbeginsateight.八点开始上课。对比：Thebookssellwell.Thebooksweresoldout.Themeatdidn’tcookwell.Themeatwascookedforalongtimeoverlowheat.归纳：有的及物动词构成的被动语态，与其作不及物动词时构成的主动语态表达被动意义，两者的含义有细微差别。主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。2.表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen,occur,exist,last,takeplace,breakout,comeout,comeabout,runout,giveout,comeintobeing，belongto等以主动形式表示被动意义。例：Thefirebrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.大火在市政大楼里燃起的。Howdidtheaccidentcameabout?事故是怎样发生的？TheAnti-JapaneseWarbrokeoutin1937.抗日战争爆发于1937年。3.表示状态特征的系动词及感官动词没有被动形式,如：feel,sound,taste,look,smell,remain,stay,prove,appear,disappear等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。例：Goodmedicinetastesbitter.良药苦口。Yoursentencedoesn’tsoundright.你的句子听起来不对。Whathesaidprovedtobecorrect.他的话被证明是正确的。4.在need,want,require,deserve等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。例：Thehouseneedsrepairing.=Thehouseneedstoberepaired.房子需要修理。Thetwobooksdeservereading.=Thetwobooksdeservetoberead.这两本书值得读。5.形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,而worthy后面跟被动形式。例：Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading.＝Thepicture-bookisveryworthytoberead.=Thepicture-bookisveryworthyofbeingread.这本图画书很值得一读。6.动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系,不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。例：Ihavealotofthingstodothisafternoon.今天下午我有很多事要做。试比较：I’llgotothepostoffice.Doyouhavealettertobeposted?7.在形容词后作状语用的不定式，与句中主语构成动宾关系时，用主动形式表示被动意义。这些形容词有easy,hard,difficult,important,impossible,interesting等。例：Thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout.这个问题很难解决。Thatmanisdifficulttodealwith.那个人很难对付。8.tolet,toblame等，常用主动形式表示被动意义。例：Whichdriveristoblamefortheaccident?哪位司机是此次事故的肇事者？即学即用：1.Thepen_______me.Itishers.A.isn’tbelongto B.wasn’tbelongtoC.doesn’tbelongto D.didn’tbelongto2.Greatchanges___inthecity,andalotoffactories___.A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetupB.havetakenplace;havebeensetupC.havetakenplace;havesetupD.weretakenplace;weresetup3.—Doyoulikethematerial?—Yes,it___verysoft.A.isfeeling B.felt C.feels D.isfelt4.Ihavenomoreletters____,thankyou.A.totype B.typing C.tobetyped D.typed5.Takecare!Don’tdroptheinkonyourshirt,forit__easily.A.won’twashout B.won’tbewashedoutC.isn’twashedout D.isn’twashingout6.Thispageneeded___again.A.beingchecked B.checked C.tocheck D.tobechecked7.Ifeelitisyourhusbandwho___forthespoiledchild.A.istoblame B.isgoingtoblameC.istobeblamed D.shouldblame答案：CBCCADA（五）介词in,on,under等+带有动词意义的名词构成介词短语表被动意义1.“under+名词”结构，表示“某事在进行中”。常见的有:undercontrol,undertreatment,underrepair,underdiscussion,underconstruction例：Thefirewasundercontrol.火势已得到控制。Theplanisstillunderdiscussion.这个计划尚在讨论中。Thedomeofthechurchisunderrepair.教堂的圆顶在修理中。2.“beyond+名词”结构，“出乎、胜过……、超出……范围、限度”。常见的有：beyondbelief,beyondone’sreach，beyondone’scontrol，beyondourexpectation例：Yourpriceisbeyondourexpectation.你方的价格超出了我们的预料。Thenewsisbeyondbelief.这一消息令人难以置信。Thedictionaryisplacedbeyondthearm’sreach.那本字典放在手够不到的地方。3.“for+名词”结构。常见的有：forsale,forrent例：Isthehouseforsaleorforrent?房子是要出租还是出售？4.“on+名词”结构,表示“在从事……中”。常见的有：onsale,onshow,ontrial例：Youaresolucky.Theyareonsaletoday.Itcostsonly180yuan.您真走运，今天正好在促销，只要180元。Hewasontrialfortheft.他因盗窃受到审讯。Thisnewmethodisontrial.这种新方法在试用中。5.“outof+名词”结构；表示“超出……之外”，常见的有：outofcontrol，outofsight，outofone’sreach,outoffashion等。例：Thecarwentoutofcontrol.汽车失去了控制。Hesoongotoutofsight.一会儿就看不见他了。Keepallmedicinesoutofreachofchildren.把所有的药放在孩子们拿不到的地方。（六）被动语态与系表结构的区别当“be+过去分词”作被动语态时表示主语承受的动作；作系表结构时表示主语的特点或所处的状态，be后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其区分办法如下：1.如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态，否则为系表结构。Theglassisbroken.Theglasswasbrokenbytheboy.2.如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态。Thedoorislocked.Thedoorhasalready/justbeenlocked.3.被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外，还可以用于其他各种时态，而系表结构中的系动词be只有一般时态和完成时态。Themachineisbeingrepaired.即学即用：Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit____.A.breaks B.hasbroken C.wasbroken D.hadbeenbroken答案：C【拓展提升】1.Inrecentyearsmanyfootballclubs___asbusinesstomakeaprofit.A.haverun B.havebeenrun C.hadbeenrun D.willrun2.Nodecisionaboutanyfutureappointmentuntilallthecandidateshavebeeninterviewed.A.willbemade B.ismade C.isbeingmade D.hasbeenmade3.Thewetweatherwillcontinuetomorrow,whenacoldfront______toarrive.A.isexpected B.isexpecting C.expects D.willbeexpected4.Wouldyoupleasekeepsilent?Theweatherreport______andIwanttolisten.A.isbroadcast B.isbeingbroadcastC.hasbeenbroadcast D.hadbeenbroadcast5.Hissisterlefthomein1998,andsince.A.hadnotbeenheardof B.hasnotbeenheardofC.hadnotheardof D.hasnotheardof6.Duringtheperiodofrecentterroristactivities,people_______nottotouchanyunattendedbag.A.hadalwaysbeenwarned B.werealwaysbeingwarnedC.arealwayswarning D.alwayswarned7.—Whydon’twechoosethatroadtosavetime?—Thebridgetoit__________.A.hasrepaired B.isrepairedC.isbeingrepaired D.willberepaired8.—Hi,Terry,canIuseyourcomputerforawhilethisafternoon?—Sorry._____.A.It’srepaired B.IthasbeenrepairedC.It’sbeingrepaired D.Ithadbeenrepaired答案：BAABBBCC预习导学—-Unit4WildlifeProtection一、重点单词wildlifen.野生动植物protectionn.保护wildadj.野生的；野的；未开发的；荒凉的decreasevi.&vt.减少；（使）变小；变少lossn.损失；遗失；丧失reserven.保护区huntvt.&vi.打猎；猎取；搜寻zonen.地区；地带；地域respondvi.回答；相应；做出反应distantadj.远的；远处的reliefn.（痛苦或忧虑等的）减轻或解除；慰藉laughtern.笑；笑声mercyn.仁慈；宽恕；怜悯certainadj.确定的；某一；一定的importancen.重要性containvt.包含；容纳；容忍powerfuladj.强大的；有力的affectvt.影响，感动；侵袭attentionn.注意；关注；注意力appreciatevt.鉴赏；感激；意识到succeedvi成功vt.接替；继任secureadj.安全的；可靠的incomen.收入employvt.雇佣；利用（时间，精力等）harmn.&vt.损害；危害bitevt.&vi.咬；叮；刺痛inspectvt.检查；视察incidentn.事件；事变fierceadj.凶猛的；猛烈的endingn.结局；结尾二、重点短语dieout灭绝setup建立inpeace平静地；和平地indanger处在危险中burstintolaughter突然笑了起来protect…from保护……免受……payattentionto…注意……cameintobeing产生，形成，成立accordingto根据……所说；按照三、重点语法现在进行时的被动语态1.现在进行时的被动语态的构成：________________________.2.现在进行时被动语态的用法1）Look!Thechildrenarebeingtakencareofbytheiraunt.Manyinterestingexperimentsarebeingcarriedoutthesedays.归纳：_____________________________________________.2）Apartyisbeingheldtonight.ItissaidthataplaneisbeingflownbyhimtoAmericaateightnextSundaymorning.归纳：_____________________________________________.3.现在进行时的被动语态的其它表现形式。Thebridgeisbeingrepaired/constructed（=???）Theproblemisbeingdiscussed(=???)atthemeeting.Thecityisbeingattacked（=???）atthemoment.Thetelephoneisbeingused(=???)now.【模拟试题】（答题时间：60分钟）一、单项选择*1.—Whatabeautifulday!—Yes,it’s______thatI’dliketotakeawalk.A.suchniceweather B.soaniceweatherC.tooniceweather D.niceweatherso*2.TheideapuzzledmesomuchthatIstoppedforfewsecondstotryto____.A.makeitout B.makeitoff C.makeitup D.makeitover*3.Whenyougetthepaperback,payspecialattentiontowhat________.A.havemarked B.havebeenmarkedC.hadmarked D.hadbeenmarked4.Iamsurprisedthatyoushouldhavebeenfooledbysucha(an)______trick.A.ordinary B.easy C.smart D.simple5.Afterthepresidentmadeanofficialannouncement,sheexpressedher______opinion.A.personal B.private C.single D.individual6.They________one-thirdoftheprovince’spopulation.A.makeinto B.makefrom C.makeup D.makeout*7.Peter________hisvisittoParistoimprovehisFrench.A.tookon B.tookin C.tookback D.tookadvantageof8.Speaktohimslowly________hemayunderstandyoubetter.A.since B.sothat C.for D.because*9.ProfessorJameswillgiveusalectureontheWesternculture,butwhenandwhere____yet.A.hasn’tbeendecided B.haven’tdecidedC.isn’tbeingdecided D.aren’tdecided10.—I’mafraidthatwecan’tcome,butthanksfortheinvitation_________—That’sallright.A.therefore B.anyway C.however D.though*二、完形填空“I’vebeenwritingabook,John.Doyouthinkanyonewouldbeinterestedin11it?”saidtheoldlady.Johntook12thepapersfromhershakinghandand13herinachair.Herememberedherrich14intheearlydaysoftheOldWest.Helookedthroughthepapers.“It’sgood,Grandma.”Hesaidgently.Thenrealizingthatshecouldn’thearhim,heshouted15herears.“Ithinkit’sverygood.I’ll16ittoapublisher.”Tendayslater,hereportedthatthepublisherhadhadtimetoreadonlyafewpages.Buthewassointerestedthathehadsent$100foranoption(版权).17moneywouldbegivenasanadvance(预付).EverymonthJohnbrought$100forherwithaletterfromthepublishertellingaboutthe18ofthebook.Onemorning,threemonthsafterher100thbirthday,Grandmadidn’tgetup.Thedoctortoldherthatshecouldn’t19morethanafewdays.Shewas20togo,butshefirstwantedherbooktobein21.Johnpromisedthatshewouldgetthebookverysoon.Grandma22onuntilthedaythebookcameintoherhands,withthetitleandhernameonthecover.Thoughshecouldn’tseeit,shecould23it.She24felthernamewithherfingers,tearsinhereyes.Twohourslater,shediedpeacefully,stillholdingherbook.Hergranddaughtertookupthebookandopenedit.“Why,it’sjustblank(空白的)pages!”shecriedin25.John’sfaceturned26.Thenthegirlunderstood.Thereneverwasabook.Grandmacouldn’t27thelittlebellwhenthetypewritercametotheendoftheline.Shewouldkeeponworking,not28thewholesentencesandsometimestheparagraphswere29.Johndidnottellher,forhecouldn’ttakeawayheronly30.ItwasJohnhimselfwhohadwrittenthelettersandsoldhiscartopaytheadvance.11.A.buying B.publishing C.reading D.lending12.A.up B.over C.on D.off13.A.sat B.put C.placed D.seated14.A.sufferings B.experiences C.thoughts D.family15.A.onto B.inside C.into D.on16A.throw B.put C.send D.lift17.A.Some B.Much C.Enough D.More18.A.name B.progress C.writer D.cover19.A.die B.stay C.last D.remain20.A.worried B.anxious C.ready D.eager21.A.time B.store C.sale D.print22.A.did B.took C.made D.lived23.A.read B.smell C.hear D.touch24.A.proudly B.quickly C.carefully D.slowly25.A.anger B.joy C.surprise D.tears26.A.white B.red C.gray D.pale27.A.see B.smell C.hear D.taste28.A.writing B.knowing C.thinking D.wanting29.A.missing B.finished C.completed D.ended30.A.hope B.book C.life D.paper三、阅读理解ABillGateswasbornonOctober28th,1955.HeandhistwosistersgrewupinSeattle.Theirfather,WilliamH.GatesII,wasaSeattleattorney(律师).MaryGates,theirlatemother,wasaschoolteacher.GatesattendedpublicelementaryschoolbeforemovingontotheprivateLakesideSchoolinNorthSeattle.ItwasatLakesidethatGatesbeganhiscareerinpersonalcomputersoftware,programmingcomputersatage13.In1973,GatesenteredHarvardUniversityasafreshman,whereheliveddownthehallfromSteveBallmer,whoisnowMicrosoft’spresident.WhileatHarvard,Gatesdevelopedaversion(版本)oftheprogramminglanguageBASICforthefirstmicrocomputer—theMITSAltair.Inhisjunioryear,GatesdroppedoutofHarvardtodevotehisenergiesfull-timetoMicrosoft,acompanyhehadstartedin1975withhisboyhoodfriendPaulAllen.Guidedbyabeliefthatthepersonalcomputerwouldbeavaluabletooloneveryofficedesk-topandineveryhome,theybegandevelopingsoftwareforpersonalcomputers.Gates’foresightandvisionhaveledtothesuccessofMicrosoftandthesoftwareindustry.Heplaysanimportantroleinthetechnicaldevelopmentofnewproducts.MuchofhistimeisdevotedtomeetingwithcustomersandstayingincontactwithMicrosoftemployeesaroundtheworldthroughe-mail.InthedozenyearssinceMicrosoftwentpublic,Gateshasdonatedmorethan$800milliontocharities(慈善机构),including$200milliontotheGatesLibraryFoundationtohelplibrariesinNorthAmericatakeadvantageofnewtechnologiesandtheInformationAge.31.WheredidBillGatesbeginhiscareerinpersonalcomputersoftware?A.Atpublicelementaryschool.B.AttheprivateLakesideSchool.C.AtHarvardUniversity.D.AtMicrosoftCompany.32.WhydidhedropoutofHarvard?A.Tochangeschool.B.TospendallhisenergiestoMicrosoft.C.Tofindafull-timejob.D.Toearnmoney.33.Whydidtheybegindevelopingsoftwareforthepersonalcomputer?A.Becausetheythoughtthepersonalcomputerwouldbewelcomedbyeveryfamily.B.Becausetheythoughtthepersonalcomputerwouldbeavaluabletooloneveryofficedesk-top.C.Becausetheythoughtthepersonalcomputerwouldbeavaluabletooloneveryofficedesk-topandineveryhome.D.Becausepersonalcomputershavebeenpopular.34.HowdoesGatesspendmuchofhistime?A.Meetingwithpeople.B.Travelingaroundtheworld.C.E-mailingsomefriends.D.Meetingwithcustomersande-mailingMicrosoftemployees.35.Whatdoestheword“donated”mean?A.Gave. B.Earned. C.Made. D.Received.**BSometimeinthenextcentury,thefamiliarearlymorningnewspaperonthefrontporch（门厅）willdisappear.Andinsteadofreadingyournewspaper,itwillreadtoyou.You’llgetupandturnonthecomputernewspaperjustlikeswitchingontheTV.Anelectronicvoicewilldistributestoriesaboutthelatestevents,guidedbyaprogramthatselectsthetypeofnewsyouwant.You’llevengettochoosethekindofvoiceyouwanttohear.Wantmoreinformationonthebriefstory?Asimpletouchmakestheentiretextappear.Saveitinyourownpersonalcomputerifyoulike.Thereareamongthepredictionsfromcommunicationsexpertsworkingonthenewspapersofthefuture.Picturedaspartofbroadcasthome-basedmediaandentertainment(娱乐)systems,computernewspaperswoulduniteprintandbroadcastreporting,offeringnewsandanalysis(分析)withvideoimagesofnewsevents.Mostofthetechnologyisavailable（可利用的）now,butconvincingmorepeoplethattheydon’tneedpapertoreadanewspaperisthenextstep.Butresistance（抵制）tocomputernewspapersmaybestrongerfromwithinjournalism(新闻界).Sinceitissuchaculturalchange,itmaybethatthepresentgenerationofjournalistsandpublisherswillhavetodieoffbeforethenextgenerationrealizesthatthenewspaperindustryisnolongeranewspaperindustry.Technologyismakingtheendoftraditionalnewspapersunavoidable.Despitetechnologyadvances,itcouldtakedecadestoreplacenewsprintwithcomputerscreens.Itmighttake30to40yearstocompletethechangeover（转变）becausepeopleneedtobuycomputersandbecausenewspapershaveestablishedfinancialinterestsinthepaperindustry.36.Thebesttitleofthispassageis______.A.ComputerNewspapersAreWellLikedB.PaperlessNewspapersoftheFutureC.NewspapersAreoutofFashionD.NewCommunicationsTechnology37.Itmighttake30to40yearsforcomputernewspaperstoreplacetraditionalnewspapers,because____.A.itistechnologicallyimpossiblenowB.computernewspapersaretooexpensiveC.thereisstrongresistancefromboththegeneralpopulationandprofessionaljournalistsD.traditionalnewspapersareeasiertoread38.Journalistsarenoteagertoacceptcomputernewspapers,because___.A.theydon’tknowhowtousecomputersB.theythinkcomputernewspape