2023年操作系统Linux内核编译实验报告

操作系统课程设计实验报告实验名称：linux的内核编译姓名/学号：一、实验目的熟悉linux的使用，编译内核二、实验内容.编译linux的新内核.将学号添加到新内核启动菜单中三、团实验环境.软件环境：Windows7旗舰版VMwareWorkstation8UbuntuKyiin13.04（内核版本UbunduwithLinux3.8.0-19）.团硬件环境Intelcorei5—2450M四、团程序设计与实现1.团下载并安装VMwareWorkstation以及Ubuntuky1ini3.04x-nroot@)ubuntu:/home/wcsbfangouroot@ubuntu:/home/wcsbfangou#update-grupNocommand'update-grup'found,didyoumean:Command'update-grub'frompackage'grub'(main)Command'update-grub'frompackage'grub2-common'(main)update-grup:commandnotfoundroot@ubuntu:/home/wcsbfangou#update-grubGeneratinggrub.cfg...Foundmemtest86+image:/boot/memtest86+.bindoneroot@ubuntu:/home/wcsbfangou#gedit/boot/grub/grub.cfgLj*grub.cfgxelsesearch--no-floppy--fs-uuid--set=root74a43acf-97f0-4b70-Jc61-c889399edac8ftlinux/boot/vmlinuz-3.13.6root=UUID=74a43acf-97f0-4b7O-ac61-:889399edac8roftnd_preseed=/preseed.cfgautonoprompt)riortty=crittcallocale=en_USquietIsubmenu'AdvancedoptionsforUbuntu'$menuentry_id_optton•gnultnux-Jdvanced-74a43acf-97f0-4b70-ac61-c889399edac8,{menuentry'Ubuntu,withLinux120111933'--classjbuntu--classgnu-linux--classgnu--|classos$menuentry_td_option1gnulinux-3.13.6-advanced-74a43acf-97f0-4b70-ac61-c889399edac8'{recordfailload_videogfxmode$ltnux_gfx_modeinsmodgzioinsmodpart_msdosinsmodext2setroot='hd0,nsdosl'if[x$feature_platform_search_hint=xy];then0，•|•・i••（3）重启电脑，可以实现选择内核，学号添加到新内核启动菜单中了GNUGRUBversion2.00-13ubuntu3lllbuntuAdvancedoptionsforUbuntuMemorytest(memtest86+)Memorytest(memtest86+,serialconsole115200)Usethe*and+keystoselectwhichentryishighlighted.PressentertoboottheselectedOS,'e'toeditthecommandsbeforebootingor'c'foracommand-line.GNUGRUBversion2.00-13ubuntu3Ubuntu,withLinux3.13.6(recoverymode)Ubuntu,withLinuxUbuntu,withLinux(recoverymode)Usethe个and，keystoselectwhichentryishighlighted.PressentertoboottheselectedOS,'e'toeditthecommandsbeforebootingorforacommand-line.ESCtoreturn五、团实验收获与体会开始安装ubuntu后，开机进入的界面是类似于终端的界面，没有图形界面，后来查了一下，才知道输入startx才是打开桌面程序。尚有就是更新源的问题，系统默认是美国的源，更新一些东西的时候总是失败，后来查了一下才知道问题所在，然后把更新源改成了北交,再加上学校的IPV6网，下载更新简直神速。其实尚有碰到好多问题，比如无法上网、无法从主系统拷贝文献到虚拟机什么的，都是通过百度搜索解决的，就不一一列举了。由于之前基本没有用过Ubuntu,对Ubuntu一无所知，通过这次实验，大体了解了一下Ubuntu的基本操作和原理。每次操作都非常的大胆，做错了大不了从新安装Ubuntu,反正是虚拟机，不是太在乎。没怎么用到书，由于感觉书上的东西还要自己慢慢找，然后就一直通过搜索引擎查找想要的知识，但是网上的资源良莠不齐，还得慢慢辨别是否实用。▼DevicesPresentAutodetectPresent▼DevicesPresentAutodetectPresentAutodetectPassword：（在此输入你上面设立的密码）HomeI(IjjUbuntux|匕Ubuntu\►Poweronthisvirtualmachine国EditvirtualmachinesettingsMiMemory2GB□Processors4aHardDisk(SCSD20GBfCD/DVD(IDE)UsingfileD:\v...位NetworkAd叩…NATQUSBControllerOSoundCardVPrinter/DisplayDescriptionTypeheretoenteradescriptionofthisvirtualmachine.▼VirtualMachineDetailsState:PoweredoffConfigurationfile:D:\Ubuntu\Ubuntu.vmxHardwarecompatibility:Workstation8.0virtualmachine开机先获取root权限sudopasswdrootEnternewUNIXpassword:(在这输入你的密码)RetypenewUNIXpassword:(拟定你输入的密码)passwd:passwordupdatedsuccessfully以后,假如在想获得root权限，只需进行如下的操作:suroot**!|O4O1;***VMwareEasyInstallPLEASEHAIT!VMwareToolsiscurrentlybeinginstalledonyoursystem.DependingontheversionofUbuntuyouareinstalling,youmayloginbelowandusethesystemduringtheinstallation.Otherwise,pleasewaitforthegraphicalenvironmenttolaunch.Thankyou.*****田***：40^*******叱*******叱***叱叱**毋ubuntulogin：ucsbfangouPassword:Lastlogin:TueMar1821:40:23CST2014onttylWelcometoUbuntu13.04(GNU/Linux3.8.0-19-generic1686)*Documentation：YourUbuntureleaseisnotsupportedanymore.Forupgradeinformation,pleasevisit：/releaseendoflifeNewrelease'13.10'available.Run'do-release-upgrade'toupgradetoit.tucsbfangou@ubuntu：surootPassword:rootOubuntu：/home/uicsb-fangou#接下来的实验都是在获得root权限下操作的。打开系统查看系统信息AllSettingsDetailsAllSettingsDetailsAllSettingsDetailsDevicenameMemoryProcessorGraphicsOStypeDiskubuntu13.04x-DetailsubuntuAllSettingsDetailsDevicenameMemoryProcessorGraphicsOStypeDiskubuntu13.042.0CiBIntel®cjare"*i5-2450MCPU@2.50GHz*4Gallium0.4onllvmpipe(LLVM3.2,256bits)32-bit19.9GB按住Ctrl+aIt+t打开终端，并输入uname-a以查看内核版本信息rx-nroot@ubuntu:/home/wcsbfangouroot@ubuntu:/home/wcsbfangou#uname-aLinuxubuntu3.8.0-19-genertc#29-UbuntuSMPWedApr1718:19:42UTC20131686t6861686GNU/Linuxroot@ubuntu:/home/wcsbfangou#，可见此版本是的内核2.下载内核并编译（1）我下载好的内核存放在Download文献夹里，为了方便直观，我又新建了一个名为kerneI的文献夹（mkdirkernel）,并将下载好的内核存放在kernel文献夹里（cp-/root/Down1oads/Linux-3.13.6.tar.xz/home/wcsbfangou/kernel）ox-nroot（^）ubuntu:/home/wcsbFangou/kernelroot@ubuntu:/home/wcsbfangou#mkdirkernelroot@ubuntu:/home/wcsbfangou#IsDesktopDownloadsMusicPublicVideosDocumentskernelPicturesTemplates桌面root@ubuntu:/home/wcsbfangou#cp-r/root/Downloads/ltnux-3.13.6.tar.xz/home/icsbfangou/kernelroot@ubuntu:/home/wcsbfangou#cdkernelroot@ubuntu:/home/wcsbfangou/kernel#Isroot@ubuntu:/home/wcsbfangou/kernel.#|(2)解压下载好的内核文献，输入xz-dIinux-3.13.6.tar.xz后按回车，再输入后按回车，然后会发现kerne1下的文献变成1inux—3.13.6和Iinux-3.13.6.tar=root(^)ubuntu:/home/wcsbfangou/kernel八nit「amfs_data.S八Irt/.linux-3.13.6/virt/kvn/vfio.croot@ubuntu:/home/wcsbfangou/kernel#Islinux-3.13.6(3)进入kernel文献夹(cdlinux-3.15.5),然后执行makemenuconfig提醒缺少ncurses的库渣了一下百度，需要输入apt-getinsta1Ilibncurses5—dev来安装缺失的库。Imake:***[menuconfig]Error2root@ubuntu:/home/wcsbfangou/kernel/linux-3.13.6#cd..cd..:commandnotfoundroot@ubuntu:/home/wcsbfangou/kernel/linux-3.13.6#cd..root@ubuntu:/home/wcsbfangou/kernel#cd..「ootOubuntu:/home/wcsbfanaou#installlibncu「ses5・de/（4）安装好之后再执行makemenuconfig即可设立，我是参考错误!未定义书签。这个网址进行设立的x-=.config-Ltnux/x863.13.6KernelConfigurationArrowkeysnavigatethemenu.<Enter>selectssubmenus—>(oremptysubmenus--).Highlightedlettersarehotkeys.Pressing<Y>includes,<N>excludes,<M>modularizesfeatures.Press<Esc><Esc>toexit,<?>forHelp,</>forSearch.Legend:[*]butlt-tn[]64-bttkernelGeneralsetup—>-**providesysten-wtderingoftrustedkeys[*]nableloadablemodulesupport—>[*]nabletheblocklayer--->Processortypeandfeatures—>owermanagementandACPIoptions—>Busoptions(PCIetc.)—>xecutablefileformats/Emulations---*-N-tworktngsupport—><Select><Exit><Help><Save><Load><Select>设立之后选择Save一下便退出，然后执行makex-r=root$)CCCCarch/x86/kernel/cpu/scattered.oCCarch/x86/kernel/cpu/topology.oCCarch/x86/kernel/cpu/proc.oMKCAParch/x86/kernel/cpu/capflags.cCCCCCCarch/x86/kernel/cpu/comnon.oCCarch/x86/kernel/cpu/rdrand.oCCarch/x86/kernel/cpu/natch.oCCarch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.oCCarch/x86/kernel/cpu八ntel.oCCarch/x86/kernel/cpu/amd.oCCarch/x86/kernel/cpu/cyrtx.oCCarch/x86/kernel/cpu/centaur.oCCarch/x86/kernel/cpu八ransneta.oCCarch/x86/kernel/cpu/umc.oCCarch/x86/kernel/cpu/perf_event.oCCarch/x86/kernel/cpu/perf_event_amd.oCCarch/x86/kernel/cpu/perf_event_amd_uncore.oCCarch/x86/kernel/cpu/perf_event_p6.oCCarch/x86/kernel/cpu/perf_event_knc.oCCarch/x86/kernel/cpu/perf_event_p4.o这一步花费时间最长，我是晚上十一点多执行的，知道凌晨1:30才执行完,一直守候在电脑前不离不弃，太坑了，早知道要这么长时间就第二天在弄了。。。。(5)按照顺序执行makemodulesjnstal1和makeinstallIHEX2FWftrnware/emt62/spdtf.fwIHEX2FWfirmware/emt62/nidi.fwIHEXftrnware/kaweth/new_code.btnIHEXfirnware/kaweth/trigger_code.binIHEXftrmware/kaweth/new_code_ftx.binIHEXftrmware/kaweth/trtgger_code_ftx.binIHEXfirmware八t_3416.fw'IHEXftrnware/tt_5eS2.fwIHEXftrmware/mts_cdma.fwIHEXftrnware/nts_gsn.fwIHEXftrnware/mts_edge.fwH16T0FWftrnware/edgeport/boot.fwH16TOFWfirmware/edgeport/boot2.fwH16T0FWftrmware/edgeport/down.fwH16TOFWfirmware/edgeport/down2.fwIHEXftrnware/edgeport/down3.binIHEX2FWftrmware/whtteheat_loader.fwIHEX2FWfirmware/whiteheat.fwIHEX2FWftrmware/keyspan_pda/keyspan_pda.fwIHEX2FWfirmware/keyspan_pda/xircom_pgs.fwIHEXftrmware/cpla2/stv0672_vp4.btnIHEXftrmware/yam/1266.binIHEXfirnware/yam/96ee.binrootfflubuntu:/home/wcsbfanqou/kernel/ltnux-3.13.6#makemodulesInstall!INSTALL/ltb/ftrnware/emt62/ntdt.fwINSTALL/lib/firnware/kaweth/new_code.binINSTALL八tb/ftrmware/kaweth八rtgger_code.binINSTALL/lib/firmware/kaweth/new_code_fix.binINSTALL八tb/fIrmware/kaweth八rtgger_code_flx.binINSTALL/ltb/ftrnware/tt_34ie.fw"INSTALL/Xib/firmware/ti_5652.fwINSTALL/Itb/ftrnware/nts_cdma.fwINSTALL/lib/firmware/nts_gsm.fwINSTALL/ltb/ftrmware/nts_edge.fwINSTALL/llb/ftrmware/edgeport/boot.fwINSTALL/lib/firmware/edgeport/boot2.fwINSTALL/lib/ftrnware/edgeport/down.fwINSTALL/ltb/firmware/edgeport/down2.fwINSTALL/ltb/flrmware/edgeport/down3.btnINSTALL/ltb/ftrnware/whtteheat_loader.fwINSTALL/lib/firmware/whiteheat.fwINSTALL/ltb/ftrnware/keyspan_pda/keyspan_pda.fwINSTALL/ltb/firn»ware/keyspan_pda/xtrcom_pgs.fwINSTALL/ltb/ftrmware/cpta2/stv0672_vp4.binINSTALL/ltb/ftrnware/yaA/1260.btnINSTALL/lib/firmware/yam/96e0.binrootdubuntu:/home/wcsbfanaou/kernel/ltnux-3.13.6#makeinstall!(6)执行之后然后重启，打开终端输入uname-a查看内核版本信息，会发现变成了linux-3.13.6x-arootf9ubuntu:/home/wcsbfangouroot@ubuntu:/home/wcsbfangou#unane-aLinuxubuntu3.13.6#1SMPMonMar1701:02:14CST2014168616861686GNU/Ltnuxroot^ubuntu:/hone/wcsbfangou#|]证明编译内核成功。但是为什么默认内核变成了新编译的内核，我却无法选择,然后又搜了一些资料，找到解决的方法，会在接下来环节提到。3.实现开机选择内核与菜单显示学号(1)查阅相关资料后，得到开机选择内核的方法。打开终端输入gedit/etc/defauIt/grub,编辑grub,注释掉GRUB_HIDDEN_TIME0UT=0然后还要update-grub一下就可以再开机时候选择内核*1匕理在线首员个人主员^乐学服务*grub(/etc/lkltbc-eoI93zdkH8Gxdxfvsu-08sYNq70.solltbcryptsetup.so.4■open,公第器篮;aelj*grubxIfyouchange/boot/grub/grubJForfulldocume/info-fgrub«GRUB_DEFAULT=0##CRUB_HIDDEN_TIM^GRUB_HIDDEN_TIME0iGRUB_TIMEOUT=10CRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=CRUB_CMDLINE_LINU>CRUB_CMDLINE_LINU>prtortty=crtttcals,ltbnss_mdns4_ntntfnal..so.2root§ubuntu:/llbffcdmodules*grub(/etc/lkltbc-eoI93zdkH8Gxdxfvsu-08sYNq70.solltbcryptsetup.so.4■open,公第器篮;aelj*grubxIfyouchange/boot/grub/grubJForfulldocume/info-fgrub«GRUB_DEFAULT=0##CRUB_HIDDEN_TIM^GRUB_HIDDEN_TIME0iGRUB_TIMEOUT=10CRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=CRUB_CMDLINE_LINU>CRUB_CMDLINE_LINU>prtortty=crtttcals,ltbnss_mdns4_ntntfnal..so.2root§ubuntu:/llbffcdmodulesroot0ubuntu:/lib/modul.es#Isroot@ubuntu:/ltb/nodules/3.13.6#Isbuildkernelnodules.alias»UncommenttoenIsbmodprobe.dnodulesPlymouthrecovery-moderesolvconfsecuritysystendterntnfoudevufwxtablesmodules.builtinmodules.builtin.binmodules.depnodules.alias.binmodules.dep.binroot^ubuntu:/lib/modules/3.13.6#geditnodules.ordersourcenodules.softdepnodules.symbols/etc/default/grub»Thisworkswith"VmU.WTTobtainsuthenenorymapInformationfromGRUB(CNUMach,kernelofjlesjnstallII♦Und