神经解剖学-胚胎学3结缔组织

第3Connective组胚教研室(一教楼四：8391-1449: 结缔组织的结构特征、分类和机能（理解疏松结缔组织的主要细胞的形态结构和功能（掌握致密结缔组织、脂肪组织和网状组织结构特征（了解软骨细胞以及软骨的分类（了解内容骨组织的形态特点以及长骨结构（掌握内容）骨发生一般过程（了解内容）2TheKeyPointsofconnectiveCompositionandclassficationofThecells,fibersandgroundsubstanceofHistologicalfeatureofdenseCT(DCT)Ofadiposetissueandreticulartissue3 4支持组织（support5Whatfeaturesdotheconnectivetissuehave?61细胞数量相对少，种类多，无极细胞间质多：基质、纤维、组织液，由细胞产生不直接与血管丰富功能 8星形多分化程成体内仍少许保留93固有结缔组织Connectivetissueproper胶态疏松结缔组织looseCT脂肪adiposetissue网状组织reticular软骨和骨--固态Connective固有结loosedenseadiposereticular二looseConnective蜂窝组织：areolar脂肪细*未分化的间充质

肥大纤维*胶原纤弹性纤网状如何描述一个一般结构：外形、大小、是否有细胞质:颜色及深浅、是否有特殊细胞核：形态、分叶、颜色及核仁：超微结构特点：与光镜、功能主要病理或临床1、成纤维细胞不规则，扁平有突核大，扁椭圆形 浅，核仁明显胞质较糖体RER，Golgi功能等基质成分，参与组织修复纤维细胞(fibrocyte)静止状EM：RER少，Golgi不发功能 下可转变为成纤维细胞2、巨噬细胞(而圆，；胞质丰，嗜酸性，常见吞噬 泡、大量的微丝、微趋化性chemotaxis抗原提呈作分泌作用lysozyme、interferoncomplement分泌血管生成因子种物质，调节有关细胞的3、浆细胞(plasma来源：血液B淋巴细存在部位：在病原菌或异白易 的部位，如消化、呼吸道固有层结缔组织性炎症部位较多 Secretingantibodyimmunoglobulin,（5参与体液免疫4、肥大细胞(mast来源：常沿小血管和小淋巴管分布，多见于机体和外界抗原部位（皮肤、消化管、呼吸道管壁的结缔组织内喘、通透性增加，荨麻疹等过敏反应allergicreaction5、脂肪细胞(FatFat 6.未分化的间充质细胞undifferentiatedmesenchymal特点功能在损伤修复中分化为结缔组织细胞7、白细LN和微静脉，入疏松结缔组织，参与免疫应答和炎症反应。包括中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒LN 与过敏胞胶原纤弹性纤网状纤1、胶原纤维Collagenous新鲜时呈白色，白纤HE:粉红，呈波浪形细不等，直径1～20μm波浪形，并互typetype功能：韧性大，抗拉力强，但弹性较2、弹性纤维Elasticfiber,也称黄纤浅红色光性强，或棕褐色，弹性纤维较细，直，分支交织，粗骨细胞、平滑肌皮肤弹性的决定

3、网状纤维（reticular嗜银纤维，棕黑色；粗细与弹性纤维同，分支交织(三基质Ground呈无定形胶成分:蛋白多糖、糖蛋白和组SideSidea为透明质酸；硫酸软骨素

link keratinlinkcoreLinkLink组织液（tissuefluid）是从毛细血管动脉端渗入基质内环境internalenvironment三、其他固有结缔致密结缔脂肪组网状组 1、致密结缔组织Dense2、网状组织(Reticular官及骨髓结构Connectivetissuesoriginatefromthemesenchymewhichisformedbymesenchymalcellsandanabundantandviscousextracellularsubstance.Connectivetissuesisconstitutedbyrelativelyfewcellsandalargeamountofextracellularmatrix,whichiscomposedoffibersandamorphousgroundsubstanceandtissuefluid.Tissuefluidconsistsprimarilyofboundwater.Accordingtothecellularandextracellularcomponentandtothespecialfunctions,connectivetissuesareclassifiedconnectivetissueproper,cartilage,bone,andblood.Ingeneralspeaking,connectivetissuemeansconnectivetissueproper.Theconnectivetissuepropercanbedividedintothelooseanddenseconnectivetissueaccordingtowhetherthefibersarelooselywovenordenselypacked.Inaddition,anumberofkindsofconnectivetissueproperwiththepredominatingcomponentsarenamedasadiposetissue,reticulartissue.Looseconnectivetissue,alsocalledareolartissue,ischaracterizedbyarelativelylargenumberofcelltypes,looselyarrangedthinfibersandabundanceofgroundsubstance.Looseconnectivetissueiswidelydistributedthroughoutthebodyandprovidestheloosebetweenglands,muscles,andnerves.Thetypesofcellsfoundinlooseconnectivetissuecanbecategorizedeitherasfixedcellsoraswanderingcells.Thefixedcellpopulationarerelativelystable;theynormallyexhibitlittlemovementandcanberegardedaspermanentresidentsofthetissue.Theyincludefibroblasts,macrophages,mastcells,adiposecellandundifferentiatedmesenchymalcells.Fibroblastsarethecommonestcellsinlooseconnectivetissue.Thewanderingcellsarefromthebloodinresponsetospecificstimuli.Theyincludeplasmacellsandleukocytes.Thetypesofcellsandtheirrelativenumbersinlooseconnectivetissuereflectthefunctionalactivityofthetissue.Forexample,thefibroblastisresponsibleforproducingthefibersandgroundsubstance.Othercelltypes,suchasmacrophages,plasmacells,mastcellsandleukocytesareassociatedwiththedefensesystemofthebody.Thefibersareproducedbyfibroblastsandcomposedofproteinsformedbylongpeptidechains.Dependingontheircharacterandcomposition,thefiberinlooseconnectivetissuecanbedividedintothreetypes:collagenousfibers,reticularfibersandelasticfibers.Groundsubstanceisahighlyhydrophilicandviscouscomplexofmacromoleculesthatoccupiesthespacebetweenthecellsandfibers.Groundsubstanceconsistslargelyofproteoglycansandstructureglycoproteins.ThephysicalpropertiesofgroundsubstancepermitdiffusionofoxygenandnutrientsbetweenthemicrovasculatureandadjacentThedenseconnectivetissuecanbesubdividedintoregularandirregulartypestowhetherthefibershaveanorderedanddisorderedAdiposetissueisaspecializedformofconnectivetissuewhichmainlycompriseadiposecells.Therearetwotypesofadiposetissue:yelloworwhite(orunilocular)andbrown(ormultilocular)adiposetissue.ReticulartissueconsistsofreticularcellsandreticularConnectivetissuesusuallycontainbloodvesselsandcanmediatetheexchangeofnutrients,metabolitesand