英美国家概况课后题与答案

专业专业word可编辑Chapter2.TheBritishhistorybefore55BCisbasicallyundocumented。).TheCeltsbecamethedominantgroupinBritainbetweenthe8thand5thcenturiesBC.(T).ThenameofBritaincamefromaCeltictribe---theBritons.(T).TheAnglo-SaxonscametoBritaininthemid--5thcentury.(T).ThechieforkingoftheAnglo-Saxontribesexercisedpowerattheirownwill.(F).TheVikingsbegantoattacktheEnglishcoastinthe8thcentury.(T).HenryIIbuiltupalargeempirewhichincludedEnglandandmostofFrance.(T).TheMagnaCartawasdesignedtoprotecttherightsofboththeprivilegedclassandthetownspeople.(F).TheHundredYears'WarwasaseriesofwarsfoughtbetweenEnglandandNormansfoetradeandterritory.(F)nanefforttomakeacompromisebetweendifferentreligiousfactions,QueenElizabethIactuallydefendedthefruitoftheReligiousReformation.(T)TheDattackonRomeendedtheRomanoccupationinBritainin410.A.NormanB.DanishC.CelticD.GermanicBythelate7thcentury,D becamethedominantreligioninEngland.A.CelticChristianity B.Anglo-SaxonChristianityC.GermanicChristianity D.RomanChristianityWestminsterAbbeywasbuiltatthetimeof B.A.St.Augustine B.EdwardtheConfessorC.WilliamtheConqueror D.AlfredtheGreatTheCmarkedtheestablishmentoffeudalisminEngland.A.Vikinginvasion B.signingoftheMagnaCartaC.NormanConquest D.AdoptionofcommonlawTheendoftheWarsoftheRosesledtotheruleof C.A.theHouseofValois B.theHouseofYorkC.theHouseofTudor D.theHouseofLancasterThedirectcausefortheReligiousReformationwasKingHenryVIIIsefforttoA.A.divorcehiswife B.breakwithRomeC.supporttheProtestants D.declarehissupremepoweroverthechurchTheEnglishCivilWarbrokeoutin1642betweenB.A.ProtestantsandPuritans B.RoyalistsandParliamentariansC.noblesandpeasants D.aristocratsandChristiansAwaspassedaftertheGloriousRevolution.A.BillofRights B.ActofSupremacyC.ProvisionsofOxford D.MagnaCartaTheIndustrialRevolutionwasaccomplishedinBritainbythemiddleoftheCcentury.A.17th B.18th C.19th D.20thBritainfacedstrongchallengesinitsglobalimperialdominancebythebeginningoftheDcentury.A.17th B.18th C.19th D.20thChapter3.ConventionsareregardedlessimportantthancommonlawintheworkingoftheBritishgovernment.(F).TheBritishmonarchyhasneverbeeninterruptedthroughoutthehistory.(F).Inreality,theBritishKingorQueenisthesourceofallgovernmentpowers.(F).BritishParliamentisthelaw-making bodyoftheCommonwealthofNations.(F).LordsSpiritualandLordsTemporalareallmembersintheBritishUpperHouse.(T).ThemembersintheHouseofCommonsareappointedratherthanelected.(F).TheBritishPrimeMinisteristheleaderofthemajoritypartyinParliament.(T).CabinetmembersarechosenbythePrimeMinisterfromvariouspoliticalpartiesinParliament.(F).Britishlawconsistsoftwoparts,thecivillawandthecriminallaw.(T)10.ThelegalsystemsinEngland,Wales,ScotlandandNorthernIrelandaremuchsimilarintermsoflaw,organizationandpractice.(F)TheBritishgovernmentischaracterizedbyadivisionofpowersbetweenthreeofthefollowingbrancheswiththeexceptionofthe C.A.judiciary B.legislature C.monarchyD.executiveTheimportanceoftheBritishmonarchycanbeseeninitseffectonD.A.passingthebills B.advisingthegovernmentC.politicalparties D.publicattitudeAsarevisingchamber,theHouseofLordsisexpectedto BtheHouseofCommons.A.rival B.complementC.criticizeD.inspectBritishCabinetworksontheprincipleofA.A.collectiveresponsibility B.individualresponsibilityC.defendingthecollectivism D.defendingthe专业专业word可编辑. . 专业word可编辑 ^individualsThemaindutyoftheBritishPrivyCouncilisto B.A.makedecisionsB.giveadviceC.passbillsD.supervisetheCabinetInBritain,theparliamentarygeneralelectionisheldeveryCyears.A.three B.four C.five D.sixChasadistinctlegalsystembasedonRomanlaw.A.Wales B.England C.ScotlandD.NorthernIrelandGenerallyspeaking,theBritishParliamentoperatesonaBsystem.A.single-partyB.two-partyC.three-partyD.multi-partyThepoliciesoftheConservativePartyarecharacterizedbypragmatismandD.A.governmentintervention B.nationalizationofenterprisesC.socialreform D.abeliefinindividualismTheLaborPartyaffectedtheBritishsocietygreatlyinthatit A.A.setuptheNationalHealthService B.improvedpublictransportationC.abolishedtheoldtaxsystem D.enhancedtheeconomicdevelopmentChapter41.Britainwasthefirstindustrializednationintheworld.(T).TheBritisheconomyexperiencedarelativedeclineduringthepostwarperiod.(T).LimitedresourcesandhighunemploymentratewerepersistentproblemsthatpreventedrapideconomicdevelopmentinBritain.(F).Thatcher'srevolutionturnedouttobeagreatsuccessindealingwithalltheBritisheconimicandsocialproblems.(F).TheeconomicapproachadoptedbyTonyBlairisdifferentfromthatoftheLaborpartyandtheConservativeParty.(T).BlairmadetheBankofEnglandindependentinordertoseparatepoliticsandeconomicpolicy.(T).Britainistheworld'sleadingexporterofpoultryanddairyproducts.(F).Thefishingindustryprovidesmorethan50%ofBritain'sdemandforfish.(T).Britainisanimportantoilexportersinceitsoilindustryhasalonghistory.(F)10.NuclearpowerisoneofthemajorenergysourcesinBritain.(T)TheBritisheconomyachievedglobaldominancebythe C.A.1860s B.1870s C.1880sD.1890sInB,theBritishParliamentpassedtwoimportantactstoestablish

awelfarestate.A.1945 B.1946 C.1947D.1948TheAintheearly1970sworsenedanalreadystagnanteconomyinBritain.A.oilcrisis B.highinflationratesC.largeimports D.unemploymentproblemOfthefollowingpractices,CdoesnotbelongtoThatcherssocialwelfarereform.A.reducingchildbenefitsperiodC.reducingtheunemployment5.exceptD.socialwelfarereform.A.reducingchildbenefitsperiodC.reducingtheunemployment5.exceptD.A.limitinggovernmentspendingcontrolC.reducingunemploymentBritainhasdevotedA.54% B.BritainsimportantD.A.theNorthSeaC.TheseaareaaroundIrelandshorteningtheunemploymentbenefitsD.loweringoldagepensionsTheBlairgovernmenthasbeensuccessfulinallthefollowingaspectsB.keepinginflationunderD.reducinginequalityCofitslandareatoagriculture.64% C.74% D.84%fishingareasincludeallthefollowingexceptB.theEnglishChannelD.TheseaareabetweenBritainandIrelandCoalminingindustryinBritainprovidesBoftheenergyconsumedinthecountry.A.1/3 B.1/4 C.1/5 D.2/3ThecarindustryinBritaininmostlyA.A.foreign-ownedB.state-ownedC.joint-ventureD.privately-ownedOfthefollowingsectorsinBritain,ChasexperiencedspectaculargrowthsincetheendofWordWarII.A.AgricultureB.energyindustryC.serviceindustryD.manufacturingindustryChapter5.TheBritishgovernmenthasbeenresponsibleforeducationsincetheearly1800s.(F).EducationinBritainiscompulsoryforallchildrenbetweentheagesof6and15.(F).TheNationalCurriculumiscompulsoryinboththestatesystemandtheindependentsystem.(F).Whenchildrenfinishtheirschoolingat16,theyarerequiredtotakeanationalGCSEexamination.(T).GraduatesfromstateschoolsinBritainhavealessfavorablechancetoenterfamousuniversitiesthanthosefromindependentschools.(T)nthe1960s,alargenumberofnewuniversitieswerefoundedinBritain.(T).MostBritishpeoplebegintheirdaywithreadingthemorningnewspaperandenditwatchingtelevisionintheevening.(T).TheTimesistheworld'soldestnationalnewspaper(F).TheBBCWorldServicebroadcastsonlyinEnglishthroughouttheworld.(F).SomeBritishholidaysarecelebratedtomarktheimportanteventsoftheChristiancalendar,andothersarerelatedtolocalcustomsandtraditions.(T)InBritain,thedivisionbetweengrammarschoolsandvocationalschoolswereendedbytheintroductionofcomprehensiveschoolsinthe D.A.1930s B.1940s C.1950s D.1960sAboutBofBritishchildrenreceiveprimaryandsecondaryeducationthroughtheindependentsystem.A.5% B.6% C.7% D.8%Partiallyfundedbycentralgovernmentgrants,theBritishuniversitiesreceivetheirremainingfundsfromallthefollowingsourcesexceptB.A.tuitionfees B.loansC.donationsD.corporatecontributionsOfthefollowing,AisNOTabasisofadmissiontoBritainsuniversities.专业专业word可编辑. . 专业word可编辑 ^A.resultinnationalentrancetestB.A-levelresultC.aninterview D.schoolreferencesB.A-levelresultTobeadmittedtotheOpenUniversity,oneneed B.A.someeducationalqualifications B.noeducationalqualificationsC.GeneralCertificateofEducation-AdvancedD.GeneralNationalVocationalQualificationsAmongBritainsqualitypress,thefollowingnewspapersareregardedastheBigThree"withtheexceptionofC.A.TheTimesB.TheGuardianC.TheObserverD.TheDailyTelegraphLifeonEarthisakindofCprogramproducedbytheBBCandispopularamong500millionviewersworldwide.A.feature B.dramaC.documentary D.soapoperaDisBritainstoppaytelevisionprovider.A.BSB B.SkyTV C.BBC D.BSkyBOfthefollowing,DisNOTacommonfeatureofalltheBritishholidays.A.familiesgettingtogether B.friendsexchanginggoodwishesC.friendsenjoyingeachotherscompanyD.familiestravelingoverseasThefollowingChristmastraditionsareparticularlyBritishexceptA.A.TroopingtheColor B.QueensChristmasmessageC.BoxingDay D.ChristmaspantomimeChapter9.AmericawasnamedafterAmerigoVespucci,whoarrivedonthenewcontinentafterColumbus.(T).ThesecondContinentalCongresswasheldinPhiladelphia,andtheContinentalArmyandNavywerefoundedunderthecommandofThomasJefferson.(F).TheCivilWarnotonlyputanendtoslavery,butalsodecidedthatAmericawasasingle,indivisiblenation.(T).ManyAmericanpeopleapprovedoftheVietnamWar.(F).DuringClinton'sterm,theeconomydevelopedsteadily,resultinginalowerrateofunemployment.(T)6.In1990,AmericantroopsandthetroopsfromalliednationslaunchedOperationDesertStorminordertodriveIraqitroopsoutofKuwait.(T).AccordingtotheAmericanadministration,SaddamHusseinandOsamabinLadenwereresponsiblefortheterroristeventonSeptember11,2001.(F).TheAmericagovernmentregardedIraqanationamongthe"axisofevil".(T)9.OnMarch19,2003,AmericanandUnitedNation'stroops,supportedbyseveralothercountries,begananinvasionofIraq.(F)10.AlthoughthecombatoperationsinIraqareover,itisstillhardforAmericatodecidewhentowithdrawitsarmy.(T).ThefirstsuccessfulEnglishcolonyinNorthAmericawasfoundedatCin.A.Jamestown,Louisiana B.Boston,MassachusettsC.Jamestown,Virginia D.Plymouth,GeorgiaPilgrimFathersareagroupofBwhocametoAmericatoavoidpersecutioninEngland.A.ProtestantsB.Puritans C.Catholics D.ChristiansTheSevenYears'WaroccurredbetweentheC.A.FrenchandAmericanIndians B.FrenchandSpaniardsC.FrenchandBritish D.BritishandAmericanIndiansNotaxationwithoutrepresentation"wastherallyingsloganofD.A.thesettlersofVirginia B.thepeopleofPennsylvaniaC.thecolonistsinNewEngland D.thepeopleofthe13

coloniesThefirstshotsoftheAmericanWarofIndependencewerefiredinB.A.Concord B.Lexington C.PhiladelphiaD.BostonInMay1775,BwasheldinPhiladelphiaandbegantoassumethefunctionsofanationalgovernment.A.theFirstContinentalCongressCongressC.theBostonTeaPartyA.theFirstContinentalCongressCongressC.theBostonTeaPartyConfederationAbrahamLincolnissuedCA.DeclarationofIndependenceC.EmancipationProclamationThepolicyoftheUnitedStateswasworldwars.neutralityB.fullinvolvementappeasementtheSecondContinentalD.theCongressoftograntfreedomtoallslaves.ConstitutionD.BillofRightsAatthebeginningofthetwopartialinvolvementD.PresidentCappliedNewDealtodealwiththeproblemsoftheGreatDepression.A.Wilson B.Truman C.Roosevelt D.KennedyTheVietnamWarwasalong-timesufferingforAmericans,anditcontinuedthroughoutthetermsofPresidentsD.A.Johnson,NixonandFord B.Truman,EisenhowerandKennedyC.Kennedy,JohnsonandNixon D.Eisenhower,KennedyandJohnsonChapter101.BillofRightswaswrittenintotheConstitutionin1787.(F).TheformofAmericangovernmentisbasedonthreemainprinciples:federalism,theseparationofpowers,andrespectfortheConstitutionandtheruleoflaw.(T).TheU.S.Congressisthelegislativebranchofthefederalgovernmentanditconsistsoftwohouses:theHouseofCommonsandtheHouseofLords.(F).CertainpresidentialappointmentsmustbeapprovedbyCongress.(T).Thejudicialbranchofthefederalgovernmentconsistsofaseriesofcourts:theSupremeCourt,thecourtsofappealsandthedistrictcourts.(T).LikeBritain,theUnitedStateshasatwo-partysystem.(T).TheDemocraticPartyisconservativeintermsofitsideology.(F).Americanpresidentialcampaignadherestothe"winner-take-all"practice.(T).AmericanforeignpolicythroughouttheWorldWarIIwasneutrality.(F).AmericanforeignpolicyduringtheColdWarperiodwascontainmentandintervention.")TheU.S.ConstitutioncameintoeffectinB.A.1787 B.1789 C.1791 D.1793TheConstitutionoftheUnitedStatesC.givesthemostpowertoCongressgivesthemostpowertothePresidenttriestogiveeachbranchenoughpowertobalancetheothersgivesthemostpowertotheSupremeCourtTheBillofRightsB.definestherightsofCongressandtherightsofthePresidentguaranteescitizensoftheUnitedStatesspecificindividualrightsandfreedomsispartoftheDeclarationofIndependencehasnorelationshipwiththeConstitutionThefollowingexceptBareguaranteedintheBillofRights.freedomofreligiontherighttogetintopeopleshousebypolicefreedomofspeechandofpresstherighttoownonesweaponifonewishesAllthefollowingexceptCcannotmakelegislativeproposal.A.theSenator B.theRepresentativeC.theSecretaryofState D.thePresidentThefollowingexceptCareallpowersofthePresident.vetoinganybillspassedbyCongressappointingfederaljudgeswhenvacanciesoccurmakinglawsissuingexecutiveordersAccordingtotheConstitution,acandidateforPresidentmustbeD.atleast35yearsoldatleasta14years"residentoftheUnitedStatesborninAmericaalloftheaboveThetermsforaSenatorandRepresentativeareDandyearsrespectively.A.two,four B.two,three C.two,six D.six,twoTheSupremeCourtiscomposedofDjustices.A.six B.seven C.eight D.nineThePresidentisdirectlyvotedintoofficeby C.A.allcitizensofAmerica B.thecitizensover18yearsoldC.electorselectedbythevoters D.thesenatorsandrepresentativesChapter11.Americaistheworld'slargestindustrialnation.(T).Americahasamixedeconomyandthegovernmenthaslittlecontroloverbusinesses.(F).ChartercompaniescontributedtoBritain'ssuccessfulcolonizationoftheU.S.(T).IntheU.S.Constitution,therecognitionoftheimportanceof"intellectualproperty"couldbeidentified.(T).AlthoughslaverywasabolishedasaresultoftheCivilWar,theownersofplantationintheSouthmademoreprofitsfromsellingtheiragricultureproducts.(F).PresidentRoosevelt'sNewDealhadlittleeffectindealingwiththeeconomiccrisisintheearly1930s.(F).The1960swasaperiodofconsolidationfortheAmericanbusinesses.(F).Americanagriculturalexportsoutweighimports,leavingasurplusintheagriculturalbalanceoftrade.(T).AutoproductionisoneoftheimportantsectorsinAmericanmanufacturing专业专业word可编辑. . 专业word可编辑 ^industry.(T).TheworldeconomyhaslittletodowiththegrowthanddeclineoftheAmericanforeigntrade.(F)AmericaproducesamajorportionoftheworldsproductsinthefollowingfieldsexceptC.A.machinery B.automobilesC.ore D.chemicalsThemodernAmericaneconomyprogressedfrom Ctoandeventually,to.colonialeconomy,handcrafteconomy,industrialeconomyfarmingeconomy,handcrafteconomy,industrialeconomycolonialeconomy,farmingeconomy,industrialeconomyhandcrafteconomy,farmingeconomy,industrialeconomyCharteredcompanieswereNOTgrantedtheDbytheBritishKingorQueen.A.politicalauthority B.economicrightsC.judicialauthority D.diplomaticauthorityThefirstNationalBankoftheUnitedStateswasestablishedwiththeurgeofD.A.GeorgeWashington B.ThomasJefferson

C.AndrewJacksonD.AlexanderHamiltonC.AndrewJacksonD.AlexanderHamiltonThefollowinginventionstookplaceduringthesecondindustrialrevolution"exceptD.A.typewriter B.telephone C.electriclightD.refrigeratorPresidentJohnsontriedtobuildaGreatSociety"byintroducingvariousprogramslikethefollowingexceptD.A.Medicare B.FoodStampsC.EducationInitiatives D.UnemploymentPensionAboutBofAmericancropsareforexport.A.half B.onethird C.onefourth D.onefifthThefollowingstatementsarealltrueexcept B.Agribusinessesreflectthebig,corporatenatureofmanyfarmenterprises.Agribusinessesmaintainabalancedtradepatternbetweenagriculturalimportsandexports.Agribusinessesrangefromone-familycorporationstomultinationalfirms.Agribusinessesincludeavarietyoffarmbusinessesandstructures.DisnotoneofthethreegiantsinAmericanautomobileindustry.A.Ford B.GeneralMotorsC.ChryslerD.AmericanMotorsoftheworldstotal.10%15%20%25%oftheworldstotal.10%15%20%25%Atpresent,U.S.exportsaccountforChapter12.EducationisgovernedbystateandlocalgovernmentsinsteadofthenationalgovernmentinAmerica.(T).AllAmericanchildrenareoffered12yearsofcompulsorypubliceducation.(T).Thefirstformalacademicinstitutionthatachildattendsiscalledkindergarten.(F).After12yearsofschooling,Americanstudentsreceiveabachelor'sdegreeatgraduation.(F).Whenselectingacollegeoruniversity,undergraduatestudentshaveagreatconcernforitssize,locationandacademicquality.(T).InAmericaninstitutions,aboardoftrusteescomposedofprofessionalsisresponsiblefortheadministration.(F).Usually,anundergraduatestudenthastoearn120creditstoreceiveadegree.(T).YaleuniversityisthesecondeldestinstitutionofhigherlearningintheUnitedStates.(F).ItisTheNewYorkTimesthatfirstuncoveredtheWatergateScandalin1972

throughtheeffortsoftworeporters.(F)10.ThanksgivingDayfallsonthefourthTuesdayinNovember.(F)FormaleducationintheUnitedStatesconsistsof C,secondaryandhighered