2022届新高考英语冲刺复习阅读理解段落大意题攻略

2022届新高考英语冲刺精品复习阅读理解段落大意题攻略高考阅读理解越来越注重学生的高阶思维能力，提高考查高阶思维能力试题的比例。高考英语考查阅读理解能力主要在语篇层次上进行，重视对语篇的精细阅读，尤其强调对文章整体结构和关键信息的理解能力。对文章整体结构考查的试题有：理解主旨要义、理解观点和态度、理解文章结构和类型、理解目的。每篇文章或者每个段落都有主旨要义，有时主旨要义是明确阐述的，有时需要从字里行间归纳总结，考查考生应能识别或总结概况文章或段落的主旨要义。每年高考试题中常常会有两道主旨要义题，一道考查段落大意，一道是考查文章主旨或者选最正确标题。段落是文章整体的一局部，理解了每个段落，那么文章的整体结构就好理解了，主旨也就一目了然。那么怎么做好段落大意题呢？【题型解读】.命题要求：主要是测试考生对一段文字的深层理解程度以及在速读中准确把握段落主旨大意的能力。.设题角度：既考查考生的阅读理解能力，又考查考生的深层次推理、概括能力。3,解题思路：通过略读捕捉段落中的关键词和主题句，把握段落结构和上下文的逻辑关系,梳理出段落脉络结构，最终归纳出段落大意。4.解题方法：找出段落的主题句。段落的主题句就是段落的中心，其它句子就是围绕着这个中心展开。段落的主题句多出现在段落开头或者结尾。【正确选项特征】.概括性强，覆盖全段主要内容。常含有抽象名词或概括性词语。一般不出现细节信息，不含过分肯定或绝对意义的词。.精确性强，所使用的概括性语言不会失去表意的程度及色彩。.范围恰当,既不太大，也不太小。【干扰选项特征】.以偏概全。概括的范围过于狭窄，只阐述了段落的一局部内容，某些局部信息或某一个方面。.断章取义。以段落中的个别信息或个别字眼作为选项的内容，或者以次要的事实或细节冒充段落中心。.主题扩大。归纳、概括的范围过大，超过文章实际所讨论的内容。.张冠李戴。命题者有意把属于A的特征放在B上。【解题技巧】段落大意题:〃一定、二找、三归纳〃一定■扫描题干，确定题干关键信息二找■读该段内容，找出能总结段落大意的关键词或者主题句三归纳三归纳三归纳归纳本段大意，得出答案三归纳归纳本段大意，得出答案【真题例如】（2021•新高考I卷・D・节选）Althoughthecontinuingpopularappealofemotionalintelligenceisdesirable,wehopethatsuchattentionwillexciteagreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarlystudyofemotion.Ttisourhopethatincomingdecades,advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectives（视角）fromwhichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives.Emotionalintelligence,withitsfocusonbothheadandheart,mayservetopointusintherightdirection.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkaboutconcerningemotionalintelligence?Itsappealtothepublic.Expectationsforfuturestudies.Itspracticalapplication.Scientistswithnewperspectives.【思路分析】一定：定位题干中的关键词：thelastparagraph>emotionalintelligence二找：用关键词"emotionalintelligence”寻读，在文中找到信息源：“wehopethatsuchattentionwillexciteagreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarlystudyofemotion.Itisourhopethatincomingdecades,advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectives.・.“可知,我们希望在未来的数十年后，科学的进步提供新的视角来研究人们如何管理他们的生活。三归纳：比对选项和信息句，题干中“Expectations”替换了文中的“willexciteagreaterinterestin;willoffernewperspectives^,进行了语义转化。应选B。巩固练习AThesedaysyou'dbehardpressedtofindanyoneinAustraliaovertheageof15whodoesn'townamobilephone.Infactplentyofyoungerkidshaveoneintheirpocket.Practicallyeveryonecanmakeandreceivecallsanywhere,anytime.（2021全国高考乙卷B篇）1.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusaboutmobilephones?A.Theirtargetusers.B.Theirwidepopularity.C.Theirmajorfunctions.D.Theircomplexdesign.BEarlyfifth-centuryphilosopherSt.Augustinefamouslywrotethatheknewwhattimewasunlesssomeoneaskedhim.AlbertEinsteinaddedanotherwrinklewhenhetheorizedthattimevariesdependingonwhereyoumeasureit.Today'sstate-of-the-artatomic（原子的）clockshaveprovenEinsteinright.Evenadvancedphysicscan'tdecisivelytelluswhattimeis,becausetheanswerdependsonthequestionyou'reasking.（2021年高考d匕京卷D篇）2.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph1?Timekeepingisincreasinglyrelatedtonature.Everyonecandefinetimeontheirownterms.Thequalitiesoftimevarywithhowyoumeasureit.Timeisamajorconcernofphilosophersandscientists.CAtthispoint,itisnotclearwhydogsseemtobeequippedwiththeabilitytorecognizedifferentfacialexpressionsinhumans.nTous,themostlikelyexplanationappearstobethatthebasisliesintheirlivingwithhumans,whichgivesthemalotofexposuretohumanfacialexpressions/andthisexposurehasprovidedthemwithmanychancestolearntodistinguishbetweenthem,Mullersaid.（2021高考浙江卷C篇）3.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Asuggestionforfuturestudies.B.Apossiblereasonforthestudyfindings.C.AmajorlimitationofthestudyD.Anexplanationoftheresearchmethod.DThecreativeteambehind"Apes"usedmotion-capture（动作捕捉）technologytocreatedigitalizedanimals,spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatIrecordsanactor'sperformanceandlaterprocessesitwithcomputergraphicstocreateafinalimage（图像）.Inthiscase,oneofarealistic-lookingape.（2020全国卷HIB篇）4.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.Thecostofmaking“Apes."B.Thecreationofdigitalizedapes.C.Thepublicityabout"Apes."D.Theperformanceofrealapes.EMeanwhile,thingsthatyoumightexpecttodiscouragespending一“bad”tables,crowding,highprices-don'tnecessarily.Dinersatbadtables—nexttothekitchendoor,say—spentnearlyasmuchasothersbutsoonfled.Itcanbeconcludedthatrestaurantkeepersneednot"beoverlyconcernedabout'bad'tablesJgiventhatthey'reprofitable.Asfbrcrowds,aHongKongstudyfoundthattheyincreasedarestaurant'sreputation,suggestinggreatfoodatfairprices.Anddoublingabuffetspriceledcustomerstosaythatitspizzawas11percenttastier.（2018江苏B篇）5.Whatdoesthelastparagraphtalkabout?Tipstoattractmorecustomers.Problemsrestaurantsarefacedwith.Waystoimproverestaurants9reputation.Commonmisunderstandingsaboutrestaurants.FTerrafugiaInc.saidMondaythatitsnewflyingcarhascompleteditsfirstflight,bringingthecompanyclosertoitsgoalofsellingtheflyingcarwithinthenextyear.Thevehicle—namedtheTransition-hastwoseats,fourwheelsandwingsthatfoldupsoitcanbedrivenlikeacar.TheTransition,whichflewat1,400feetforeightminuteslastmonth,canreacharound70milesperhourontheroadand115intheair.Itfliesusinga23-gallontankofgasandburns5gallonsperhourintheair.Ontheground,itgets35milespergallon.（2017年全国II卷C篇）6.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?ThebasicdataoftheTransition.B.Theadvantagesofflyingcars.C.Thepotentialmarketforflyingcars.D.ThedesignersoftheTransition.GThephenomenonoftrackingcelebritieshasbeenaroundforages.Inthe4thcenturyB.C.,paintersfollowedAlex