2023年电大学位英语考试之阅读理解最全

１、规则和习俗AmanonalonelyislandAmanonalonelyislandcanactashelikesbecausehehasnoonetoconsiderexcepthimself.ButwhenRobinsonCrusoediscoveredfootprintsinthesand,hecouldnolongeractpreciselyasbefore.Hehadtothinkoftheexistenceofacompanionandthepossibleeffectofhisactionsuponasecondperson.Twopeoplethussuddenlybroughtfacetofacecannotignoreeachother.Eitheronemustovercometheotherortheymustarriveatsomeformofcoexistence.Inthelattereventtheyhavefirsttoconvinceeachotheroftheirfriendlyintentions.Whenamancomesuponatribewhoselanguagehedoesnotknow,hewillnodandsmile,makefriendlygesturesandperhapssendthemsmallgifts.Iftheseoffersaresuccessful,thetribesmenwilltakehimtotheirvillageandbringhimfoodanddrink.Moreover,thearrivalofanimportantvisitorissomethingoutoftheordinary.So,asananswertothefeelingthattheirguestshouldbetreatedaswellastheycan,somethingbetterthantheordinaryfoodwillbeprovided,andthemealfollowedbysinginganddancing.Thehostwishestomakehisguestfeelathome,theguesttoshowthanksofthekindnesshehasreceived.Questionsofgoodbehaviorandconsiderationforothersmaybehaveariseninoneformoranothersincesociallifebegan,becausesociallifeisimpossibleifeachpersonthinksonlyofhimself.Ifmenaretolivetogetherinacommunitytheymust,asameasureofcommonsenseandintheinterestofall，acceptacertainnumberofrulesandconventions.Suchagreementismorethanevernecessary.Chaosmayresultwhenfourpeopleplaybridgeaccordingtowidelydifferentconventions.Thesameistrueofsociallife.1.Amanonalonelyislandcanactashelikes,because_______.D.hefeelsitunnecessarytoconsiderothers2.Twostrangerswillnevergetalongwellunless_______.C.theymakepeacewitheachotheroronedefeatstheother3.Ifyoumeetatribewhoselanguageyoudon'tknow,youcanofferallthefollowingsEXCEPT___.A.teachingthemyourlanguage4.Thearrivalofanimportantvisitorissomethingoutoftheordinary,sotheywill.C.receivethevisitorbetter5.Ifyouwanttolivewellinacommunity,.C.youshouldfollowtherulesandconventionsofsociety２、有礼貌MannersareimportanttohappyrelationsamongpeopleMannersareimportanttohappyrelationsamongpeople.Everyonelikesapersonwithgoodmanners.Noonelikesapersonwithbadmanners.Butwhataregoodmanners?Howdoesoneknowwhattodoandwhatnottodo?Well,herearesomeexamples.Apersonwithgoodmannersneverlaughsatpeoplewhentheyareintrouble.Instead,hetriestohelpthem.Heisalwayskindtoothers.Whenpeoplearewaitingforabus,hetakeshisturn.Hedoesnotpushtothefrontoftheline.Onthebushegiveshisseattoanolderpersonorapersonwithaveryyoungchild.Ifheknocksintosomeone,orgetsinhisway,hesays"Excuseme"or"I'msorry".Hesays"Please"whenheasksforsomethingand"Thankyou"whenhereceivessomething.Hestandsupwhenheisspeakingtoanolderperson,andhedoesnotsitdownuntiltheotherpersontakeshisseat.Hedoesnotinterruptotherpeoplewhentheyaretalking.Hedoesnottalktoomuch.Hedoesnottalkloudlyorlaughloudlyinpublic.Whenheiseating,hedoesnotspeakwithhismouthfulloffood.Heusesahandkerchiefwhenhesneezesorcoughs.Hedoesnotspitinpublic.Asastudent,itisabadmannertocomelatetoclass.Ifyouarelateyoushouldmakeanapologytotheteachereitheratthetimeoraftertheclass.Itisalsoabadmannertokeepsilentwhentheteacherasksyouaquestion.Ifyoudonotknowtheanswer,saysoimmediately.Ifyoudoknow,answerinaloudenoughvoicesothatalltheclassmayhear.Itispoliteforthestudentstohelptheteacher.Sometimesstudentscanhelptheirteacherstocleantheblackboard,tocloseoropenthedoororwindows.Sometimestherearepaperstocollectortohandout.Thiskindofhelpisalwaysappreciated.Ideasofwhataregoodmannersarenotalwaysthesameindifferentcountries.Butinallcountriesitisimportanttobekindandhelpful.1.personwithgoodmannersispopularwithothersbecause____.B.heknowswhattodoandwhatnottodoondifferentoccasions2.Apersonwithgoodmannerswill____thoseintrouble.D.dowhateverhecandohelp3.Whenyouarewithanoldman,youshoulddoallthefollowingexcept______.C.interruptinghimifhetalkstoomuch4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTproperforastudentwithgoodmannerstodo?A.Makingnosoundallthetimeinclass.5.You'dbetterkeepinmindthat_____.D."WheninRome,doastheRomansdo"３、保护濒危物种WhileplantandanimalspeciesaredisappearingWhileplantandanimalspeciesaredisappearingatarapidlyincreasingratethroughouttheworld,scientistsnotesomesuccessstories.Forexample,thenumberofelephantskilledillegallyinAfricahasfallensharply.89thousandwerekilledin1983.46thousandwerekilledoneyearlater.ThishappenedbecauseAfricancountriesagreedtoestablishexportlimitsonivoryfromelephants.Ivoryisthehardwhitematerialthatformsanelephant'stwolongteeth,ortusks.Countriesthatimportivoryarerefusingtoacceptivoryshipmentsthatdonothavelegalexportdocuments.TheConventiononInternationalTradeinEndangeredSpeciesinatreatysignedby91nationsledtotheprogramforsavingendangeredelephantsinAfrica.SuccessfuleffortsalsohavebeenmadeinprotectingAfrica'sendangeredmountaingorillas.Almost400ofthegorillassurviveinavolcanoareaontheborderofRwanda,UgandaandZaire.Themountaingorillapopulationhasremainedaboutthesamefor15years.Thishappenedpartly,becauseRwandadevelopedanimportantbusinessthatdependsonprotectingthegorillas.Visitorstherecanpaytogetclosetowatchthegorillasintheanimals'traditionalhomearea.Anothersuccessfulprogramistotakeendangeredanimalsoutoftheirnaturalhomes.Theanimalsareputintozoosorotherprotectedareaswheretheycanreproduceinsafety.Thegoalofmanyoftheseprogramsistoproduceenoughanimalstoputbackintothewild.51.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?B)ProtectingEndangeredSpecies52.ThenumberofelephantskilledillegallyinAfricahasdecreasedgreatlyinthat______.A)Africancountriesagreedtoestablishexportlimitsonivoryfromelephants53.InAfrica,thenumberofelephantskilledillegallyin1983and1984was_____.C)135,00054.Thenumberofmountaingorillashasremainedaboutthesameformanyyearspartlybecauseof___.A)thedevelopmentofanimportantbusinessthatdependsonprotectingthegorillas55.Thephrase"thewild"inParagraph5refersto_____.B)thenaturalareasfullofanimalsandplants４、卓别林CharliechaplinhasbrokenallrecordsCharliechaplinhasbrokenallrecordsinmakingpeoplelaughnoonehassosetawholeworldlaughingasthelittlemanwiththewalkingstickandtheoverlargeshoes.Muchhasbeenwrittenaboutchaplin’sartandhiscareer,andopinionshaverangedwidely.Butperhapsthosewhocalledhim“themostgeneralhumanbeingofourtime”cameclosesttothetruth.Thosewhohavecalledhimageniusstressthetimelessandcommonqualitiesinhiswork,itisanartfilledwithsadelementsanddeephumanfeeling,withwhichanaudiencecannothelpbutbecomeinvolved.Itisforthesereasons,Ibelieve,thatthfigureofCharliehasattractedgenerationaftergeneration.Allthewriterswhogiveaccountsofchaplin’slifeagreethatcharlie’sunhappyearlyyearsintheareainLondonwherehousesweredirtyandwornhadagreatinfluenceonhisdevelopmentandonthetypeoffilmshemade,chaplinhimselfemphasizesitinhismemoirs(回忆录),themoreonereadsabouthisearliestperiod,themoreontendstoagreeindeed,hissufferingyouthhadalastinginfluenceonhim.Chaplinwasneverafraidtodealwithsubjectscausingmuchdisagreementinhisfilms,hegaveahumorousperformanceonwaronlyafewweeksbeforetheAmericansoldierscamehomefromworldwarIin1918,thiswasregardedasmadness,buttheperformancewaswellreceived.Soperfectlydidithitthemailontheheadthateventhereturningsoldiersfounditimpossibletohateitanddeeplyappreciatedthisshortandhumorousperformanceonwhatforthemhadbeenunpleasantreality.Chaplingavenumerousperformancesattackingcapitalgovernments,satirizing(挖苦)thecrueltyofthemachineageandevenmakingfunofHitler.Yearsafterhisdeath,thefunnyfilmsofmotionpictureactoranddirectorCharliechaplincontinuetobepopular.Heisparticularlywellknownforhissuccessasacreatorofhumorouspresentationsthatmakefunofpeople,theestablishment,ornetworks.1allofthefollowingaboutCharliechaplinaretrueexceptAhewasbornintheUSA2accordingtotheauthor,CharliechaplinhasbeenpopularwithgenerationaftergenerationbecauseDbothBandC3accordingtoCharliechaplin’slifehistorywriters,_hadastronginfluenceonthetypeoffilmshemade.DhisunhappyearlyyearsinthepoorareainLondon4accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingtrue?Dchaplin’sfilmsarethecombinationsoffunnyandsadelements5thispassagewasBwrittenaboutCharliechaplin５、美国人喜欢上大学themoreyoulearn,themoreyouearn“themoreyoulearn,themoreyouearn,”saidthepopsingerCheUSAtoday,about75%ofjobsrequiresomeeducationortechnicaltrainingbeyondhighschool.ThelowestwageearnersintheUSAarethosewithouthighschooldegrees,collegegraduatesout-earnthosewithoutacollegeeducation,peoplewithmaster’sdegreesout-earnthosewithonlybachelor’s,andthehighestincomesofallareearnedbypeoplewithadvancedacademicdegrees.ThesefactsexplainwhymostofyoungAmericansgotocollege.Butmorediplomasdon’talwaysmeanmoremoney.Manyskilledblue-collarworkers,salespeople,andbusinessexecutivesout-earncollegeprofessorsandscientist.Andgreatathletesandactorsout-earneveryoneelse!Butcollegeeducationisnotonlypreparationforacareer,itisalso(orshouldbe)preparationforlife.Inadditiontocoursesintheirmajorfieldofstudy,moststudentshavetimetotakeelectivecourse.Theymaytakeclassesthathelpthemunderstandmoreabouthumannature,government,thearts,orsciences.Today,morethanhalfofAmericanhighschoolgraduatesgotocollege.Butrecentlyhighschoolgraduatesnolongerdominatethecollegecampuses.Today,itisquitecommonforadultsofallagestocomebacktocollegeforpersonalgrowth.NowabouthalfofalltheAmericancollegestudentsareolderthan25,and20%ofthemareover35.ForAmericans,toreceivecollegeeducationisveryimportant.ThisisprovedbytherisingnumberofAmericanswhohaveatleastabachelor’sdegree.About20%ofAmericansarecollegegraduates,however,amongyoungeradultsandworkingpeople,thepercentageisatleast25%,muchhigherthaninmostothermajornations,intheUSA,collegeeducationisnotregardedasprivilegeforthewealthyortheacademicallytalented.Infacteveryonewhowantstogotocollegecandoso.1.manyyoungAmericanswanttogotocollegebecauseBtheycangethigherincomewithhigherdegrees2.itcouldbeconcludedfromthesecondparagraphthatCcollegeeducationcanmakeastudentunderstandalotabouttheworldaroundhim3.whenthestudentsstudyincollege,theycanDdoalloftheabove4.inAmerica,thepercentageofcollegegraduatesamongworkingpeopleisBmuchhigherthaninmostothermajornations5.whichofthefollowingcanmostprobablybeinferredfromthepassage?BalloftheAmericanshaverealizedtheimportanceofreceivingacollegeeducation６、保持年轻IfyouwanttokeepyoungIfyouwanttokeepyoung,sitdownandhaveagoodthink,thisistheresearchfindingofateamofJapanesedoctors,whosaythatmostofourbrainsarenotgettingenoughexercise,andasaresult,wearegettingoldsoon.ProfessortaijumatsuzawaatTokyonationaluniversitywantedtofindoutwhyquitehealthyfannersinnorthernJapanappearedtobelosingtheirabilitytothinkandreasonatratherearlyage,andhowthespeedofgettingoldcouldbesloweddown.Withateamofresearchers,hesetaboutmeasuringbrainvolumesofathousandpeopleofdifferentagesanddifferentjobsComputertechnologyenabledtheresearcherstogetmostexactmeasurementsofthevolumeofthefrontandsidepartsofthebrain,whichhavesomethingtodowithintellectandfeelings,anddecidethehumancharacter.Asweallknow,thebackpartofthebrain,whichcontrolstaskslikeeatingandbreathing,doesnotcontractwithage.Contractionoffrontandsidepartsascellsdieoffwasseeninsomesubjectsintheirthirties,butitwasstillnotevidentinsomesixty-andseventy-year-olds.Matsuzawaconcludedfromhisteststhatthereisasimplewaytopreventthecontraction-usingthehead.Thefindingsshowthatcontractionofthebrainbeginssoonerinpeopleinthecountrythaninthetowns.”thosewithleastpossibility.”Saidmatsuzawa,“arelawyers,followedbyuniversityprofessorsanddoctors.Whitecollarworkersdoingthesameworkdayafterdayingovernmentofficesare,however,aslikelytohavecontractingbrainsasthefarmworkers,busdriversandshopassistants”1theteamofdoctorswantedtofindoutBwhysomepeopleagesoonerthanothers2thefrontandsidepartsofthebrainrelatetoallofthefollowingaspectsEXCEPTDeatingandbreathing3theword“subjects”(inparagraph4)mostprobablyreferstoBpersonschosentobestudiedinanexperiment4accordingtotheresearchfindings,whichkindofpeopleseemstoagemostquickly?Dfarmworkers4accordingtothepassage,whichpeopleseemstoageslowerthantheothers?Blawyers5whichofthefollowingsentencesisNOTmentionedinthepassage?Ctheteamofdoctorsmadethesetestsinordertoshowhowthebrainworks6OnWhataretheirresearchfindingsbased?CThestudyofbrainvolumesofdifferentpeople.7Thedoctor’stestsshowthat____.Dsomepeople’sbrainshavecontractedmorethanotherpeople’s７、牛仔裤In1848,goldwasdiscoveredinCaliforniaIn1848,goldwasdiscoveredinCalifornia,fromalloverthenation,thousandsofyoungmensetoutforCaliforniapeoplecalledthisthetimeofthegoldrush.Agoldminercameintoacitylookingforapairofpants.Hewantedpantsstrongenoughtostanduptotheroughworkofmining.HemetayoungmannamedLevi,whosoldheavyclothfortentsandwagontops.Theyaskedatailortouseheavyclothfortheirpants.ThenLeviwentintothebusinessofmakingworkpants,heaskedhisbrotherstosendhimsomestrongbluecottonclothcalleddenim(斜纹粗棉布).Withthisbluedenimcloth,Levistartedmakingthekindofpantswecallbluejeanstoday.Theyweresewedupinthesamewayasotherpants.In1860,aminersaidthatthepocketsweren’tstrongenoughtoholdthepiecesofgoldhefound.Thepocketskeptpullingloosefromthepants.Theclothwasallright.Itwasthethreadthatwasn’tstrongenough.SoLeviusedrivets(铆钉)attachthepocketsontothepants.Cowboysneededtoughpants,too.Theylikedtheirpantstofittightly.Buttherivetsmarkedthecowboys’saddles.SoLevicoveredtherivetswithcloth.Theneverybodywashappy.1thisarticleasawholeisaboutA.howpeoplegotbluejeans2whilenotstatedinthearticle,youcantellthatCLevimademoremoneythanmanygoldminers3thewordthisinthefirstparagraph,lastsentence,referstoC.manypeoplelookingforgold4LeviusedstrongbluecottonclothtomakepantsbecauseC.minerswantedpantswhichcouldstandroughwork5whichofthefollowingsentencesisnotcorrect?Bitwasonetailorwhostartedmakingbluejeans８、有关文化震荡旳原因及症状CultureshockmightbecalledanoccupationalCultureshockmightbecalledanoccupationaldiseaseofpeoplewhohavebeensuddenlytransplantedabroad.Likemostailmentsithasitsownsymptomsandcure.Cultureshockisprecipitatedbytheanxietythatresultsfromlosingallourfamiliarsignsandsymbolsofsocialintercourse.Thosesignsorcuesincludethethousandandonewaysinwhichwe4orientourselvestothesituationofdailylife:whentoshakehandsandwhattosaywhenwemeetpeoplewhenandhowtogivetipshowtomakepurchaseswhentoacceptandwhentorefuseinvitationswhentotakestatementsseriouslyandwhennot.Thesecueswhichmaybewordsgesturesfacialexpressionscustomsornormsareacquiredbyallofusinthecourseofgrowingupandareasmuchapartofourcultureasthelanguagewespeakorthebeliefsweaccept.Allofusdependforourpeaceofmindandourefficiencyonhundredsofthesecuesmostofwhichwedonotcarryonthelevelofconsciousawareness.Nowwhenanindividualentersastrangecultureallormostofthesefamiliarcuesareremoved.Heorsheislikeafishoutofwater.Nomatterhowbroad-mindedorfullofgoodwillyoumaybeaseriesofpropshavebeenknockedfromunderyoufollowedbyafeelingoffrustrationandanxiety.Peoplereacttothefrustrationinmuchthesameway.Firsttheyrejecttheenvironmentwhichcausesthediscomfort.“Thewaysofthehostcountryarebadbecausetheymakemefeelbad.”Whenforeignersinastrangelandgettogethertogrouseaboutthehostcountryanditspeopleyoucanbesuretheyaresufferingfromcultureshock.Anotherphaseofcultureshockisregression.Thehomeenvironmentsuddenlyassumesatremendousimportance.Totheforeignereverythingbecomesirrationallyglorified.Allthedifficultiesandproblemsareforgottenandonlythegoodthingsbackhomeareremembered.Itusuallytakestriphometobringonebacktoreality.1.Accordingtothepassagecultureshock______.Cisactuallynotadisease2.Accordingtothepassagecultureshockresultsfrom______.Athesuddenchangeofthesocialatmosphereandcustoms3.WhichoneofthefollowingmaynotbethesymptomsofcultureshockCYousuddenlyforgetwhatawordmeans.4.HowwouldapersonwhostaysabroadmostprobablyreactwhenheorsheisfrustratedbythecultureshockaccordingtothepassageAHeismostlikelytorefusetoabsorbthestrangeenvironmentatfirst.5.Thispassageismostlikelytakenfrom______.Danessayonhumancustoms９、月份英文名旳由来TheEnglishnamesofthemonthsoftheyearcomefromLatin1.TheEnglishnamesofthemonthsoftheyearcomefromLatin.January,March,May,andJunewereallnamedafterRomangods.JanuarywasnamedafterthegoalJanus.Januswasastrangegodwithtwofacesthatcouldlookintwodirections.Hecouldlookforwardandbackatthesametime,sohewasthegodofbeginningsandendings.January,thefirstmonthoftheyear,isatimeatwhichonelooksforwardtotheNewYearandbacktotheoldyear.2.ThenameFebruarycomesfromaRomancelebrationcalledFebrua.Februawasacelebrationofcleaning.TowardtheendofFebruary,afterthelongwintermonths,peoplebegintothinkofspringcleaning.Thisprobablywastheoriginofthenameofthemonth.Februaryhasonlytwenty-eightdaysexcepteveryfourthyear,whenithasanextraday.Thisisbecauseineveryyearthereareexactly365daysandsixhours.Attheendoffouryears,thesesixextrahoursofeachyearadduptotwenty-fourhours,oronefullday.Thisfourthyear,inwhichFebruaryhastwenty-ninedays,iscalledleapyear.3.Thethirdmonth,March,wasnamedaftertheRomangodofwar,Mars.Marswasastronggod,andtheRomanpeoplealwaysconnectedhimwiththunderandlightning.PicturesofMarsalwaysshowhimwithlightningabovehishead.ItisnaturalthatMarchshouldbenamedafterthisgodsinceinmostofNorthAmerica,itisamonthofstrongwinds,rain,andstorms.ThereisfrequentthunderandlightninginMarch.4.TheexactoriginofthewordAprilisnotknown.ThewordprobablycomesfromtheLatinwordaperire,meaning"toopen".Today,theItalianwordfor"toopen"isaprireandtheSpanishwordisabrir.InthemonthofApril,theskiesopenandgiveusrain.Therainaidsintheopeningoflifeamongtrees,grass,andflowers.5.Maywasnamedaftertheyoungandbeautifulgoddessofthefields,Maia.MaiawasthemotherofthegodMercury.Anotherbeautifulgoddess,Juno,thewifeofJupiter,giveusthenameofthemonthofJune.6.Theseventhmonthoftheyear,July,wasnamedafterJuliusCaesar.CaesarwasafamousgeneralwhobecamedictatorofRome.BeforethetimeofCaesar,theyearbeganinMarchinsteadofinJanuary.Caesarmadeanewcalendar,whichistheoneweuseatpresent.HehimselfwasborninJuly,theseventhmonthofthenewcalendar.7.AfterJuliusCaesar,hisgrandnephewAugustusbecametherulerofRome.Augustus'realnamewasOctavian,butwhenhebecameemperor,thepeoplewishedtopleasehim.TheygavehimthetitleofAugustus,meaning"noble",andtheynamedtheeighthmonth,August,afterhim.8.ThemonthsofSeptember,October,November,andDecemberneedlittleexplanation.Inourcalendartoday,theyaretheninth,tenth,eleventh,andtwelfthmonths.ButintheoldcalendarbeforeJuliusCaesar,theyweretheseventh,eighth,ninth,andtenthmonths.TheirnamesthereforecamefromtheLatinwordsforseventh,eighth,ninth,andtenth.1.在英语里，一年中每月份旳名字来源于拉丁语。JANUARY(一月)、MARCH(三月)、MAY(五月)和JUNE(六月)都是用罗马神旳名字来命名旳。JANUARY(一月)得名于神宙斯。宙斯是个奇特旳神，他有两张脸能看两个方向。他能同步看到前面和背面，因此，他是开始和结束旳神。JANUARY(一月)，一年旳第一种月，是向前展望新年旳时刻，也是向后回忆旧年旳时刻。2.FEBRUARY(二月)旳名字来源于一种罗马庆典旳日子（FEBRUA）。该日庆祝清洁。靠近二月底，在漫长旳冬季月份之后，人们开始考虑春天旳清洁。大概是FEBRUARY(二月)这个名字旳来源吧。除了每四年一次旳额外多旳一天，二月仅仅有二十八天。这是由于每一年实际上有365天6小时。在四年旳年终，把每年额外旳6小时累加，恰好是24小时，或者说是完整旳一天。这个二月有29天旳第四年被称为闰年。3.MARCH(三月)，一年中旳第三个月，得名于罗马战神玛斯（MARS），玛斯是一位强健旳神，罗马人把它与雷鸣电闪联络在一起。玛斯旳像头部总是被画上闪电。三月以这个神命名是很自然旳，由于北美洲旳许多地方，三月是强风、大雨和暴风雪旳季节。在三月，常常有雷鸣和闪电发生。4.APRIL(四月)这个词确实切来源并不为人所知。这个词也许来源于拉丁语旳APERIRE，意思是“打开”。今天意大利语中旳“打开”是APRIRE，西班牙语则是ABRIR。在APRIL(四月)，天空似乎打开并赐给我们雨水，雨水给树木、草、花朵带来生机。5.MAY(五月)得名于年轻漂亮旳旷野女神玛雅（MAIA）。玛雅是神麦克瑞（MERCURY）旳母亲。此外一种漂亮旳女神朱诺（JUNO）是丘比特旳妻子，她给了我们JUNE(六月)旳名字。6.一年中旳第七个月，JULY(七月)，得名于以朱利斯·凯撒（JULIUSCAESAR）。凯撒是一种著名旳将军，后来成为罗马帝国旳独裁者。在凯撒帝国之前，每年开始于三月而不是一月。凯撒发明了一部新历法，也就是我们目前使用旳这部历法。凯撒自己也出生于JULY(七月)，即新历法旳第七个月。7.在凯撒之后，他旳外孙奥古斯塔斯（AUGUSTUS）成为罗马旳统治者。奥古斯塔斯旳真名叫屋大维。不过当他成为君主后，人们为取悦他，给了他奥古斯塔斯旳头衔，意思是“贵族”。在他之后，人们称一年旳第八个月为AUGUST(八月)。8.SEPTEMBER(九月)、OCTOBER(十月)、NOVEMBER(十一月)、和DECEMBER(十二月)需要某些小小旳解释。它们在我们今天旳日历里是一年旳第九、第十、第十一和第十二个月，不过在凯撒此前旳古历法中，它们是一年旳第七、第八、第九、和第十个月。因此，它们名字源自拉丁文旳第七（SEPTEMBER），第八（OCTOBER），第九（NOVEMBER），和第十（DECEMBER）。1、Whatdopeopleoftendointhefirstmonthoftheyear?D、BothAandC.2、ThesecondmonthofayearisnamedFebruaryprobablybecauseC、itistimetoconsiderspringcleaning3、Regardingtheoriginofthenameofthesecondmonthofayear,theauthorisA、notverysure4、Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?A、ItisfrequentlyrainyandstormyinMarchinmostofNorthAmerica.5、Whichofthefollowingstatementsmightbethetopicsentenceofthispassage?B、TheEnglishnamesofthemonthsoftheyeararefromLatin.１０、死记硬背Rote-learningRote-learning(死记硬背),spoon-fededucation,producesabrandofkidsthatdon'tknowwhattodowhenenteringuniversity.Theyaredisciplinedintofollowing,notleading.Yetthefuturedependsoncreativityandimagination.Theworldneedscreators,makersandshakersofthenewcenturies,notthefollowersofthepastcenturies.Asthenumbersincreaseatcollegeanduniversitylevel,morestudentsfromthelowerendsarelikelytobethrownintoasystemdesignedtochooseonlylearnersthathaveprovedexcellentinlisteningtoteachers.Therearethreewaystolearn:looking,listeninganddoing.Studentsandteacherstodayareaproductoflearningbylistening.Thecomputermaynotbelikedbytraditionalteachers,whouserote-learningtoputinformation,whichwillbeoutofdateinafewyears,intotheheadsofthestudents.Withcomputerlearningyoulearnbylooking,listeninganddoing;youusethreemethodsoflearning,notjustone.Therefore,youcanlearnfaster.Thechangingspeedofinformationisfrightening.Whatwelearnnowwillbeoutofdateinthenearfuture.Sowhatstudentsarelearningnowatschoolmaybereplacedbythetimetheyfinishuniversity.Wehavetolearnbychoicewhattoforget.Rote-learningforexamsisonething,butwouldn'titbebettertolearnhowtolearn?Thestudentsatuniversitytodaycouldpossiblybedoingajobinthenottoodistantfuturewhichhasnotyetbeeninvented.1、Accordingtotheauthor,thefuturedoesn'tneedD、followers2、Intheauthor'sview,howcanstudentslearnwell?D、Combinelisteningwithlookinganddoing.3、Whatdoestheauthormeanby"Thechangingspeedofinformationisfrightening"?B、Whatwelearnedtodaymaynotbeusefultomorrow.4、Whatdoesthelastsentenceofthepassagetellus?B、Studentsmayhavetodojobswhichhavenotyetbeeninvented.5、Theauthor'sattitudetowardsrote-learningisB、disapproving１１、Sincethelate1960sagrowingnumberofwomenhaveexpressedSincethelate1960sagrowingnumberofwomenhaveexpressedastrongdissatisfactionwithanymarriagearrangementwhereinthehusbandandhiscareeraretheprimaryconsiderationsinthemarriage.Bytheendofthe1970s,forexample,considerablylessthanhalfofthewomenintheUnitedStatesstillbelievedthattheywouldputtheirhusbandsandchildrenaheadoftheirowncareers.MoreandmoreAmericanwomenhavecometobelievethattheyshouldbeequalpartnersratherthanjuniorpartnersintheirmarriages..Thisstageofmarriage,althoughnottypicalofmostAmericanmarriagesatpresent,willgrowmostrapidlyinthefuture.Inanequalpartnershipmarriage,thewifepursuesafull-timejoborcareerwhichhasequalimportancetoherhusband's..Thelong-standingdivisionoflaborbetweenhusbandandwifecomestoanend..Thehusbandisnolongerthemainprovideroffamilyincome,andthewifenolongerhasthemainresponsibilitiesforhouseholddutiesandraisingchildren.Husbandandwifeshareallthesedutiesequally.Poweroverfamilydecisionsisalsosharedequally.Therapidchangeinwomen'sattitudestowardmarriageinthe1970sreflectedrapidchangeinthelargersociety.TheWomen'sLiberationMovementappearedinthelate1960s,demandinganendtoallformsofsexualdiscriminationagainstfemales.AnEqualRightsAmendment(修正案)totheU.S.Constitutionwasproposedwhichwouldmakeanyformofdiscriminationonthebasisofsexillegal,andthoughithasfailedtoberatified,