2023年陕西高考英语试题及答案详解2

2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试〔陕西卷〕第一局部：英语知识运用〔共四节，总分值55分〕语音知识〔共5小题；每题1分，总分值5分〕从每题的A、B、C、D四个选项中，找出其划线局部与所给单词的划线局部读音相同的选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。1.openA.becomeB.acrossC.lonelyD.balcony2.teacherA.greatB.heavyC.ideaD.disease3.physicsA.pleasureB.musicC.sureD.increase4.weatherA.warmthB.methodC.theoryD.breathe5.brownA.howeverB.sorrowC.knowledgeD.owner第二节情景对话〔共5小题；每题1分，总分值5分〕根据对话情景和内容，从对话后所给的选项中选出能填入每一空白处的最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。选项中有两个为多余选项。Linda:hello,George.6George:Hi,Linda.I’mreadingatouristguidetoEurope.Linda:7George:Yes,I’mlookingforwardtosuchatrip.Hey,haveyoueverbeenthere?Linda:Yes,I’veactuallyvisitedmanycountriesinEurope:France,Germany,ItalyandAustria,forexample.George:8Andhowlonedidyoustay?Linda:Twoyearsago.Foroveronemonth.George:Didyoulikeit?Linda:9There’remanyancientchurchesandcastles.It’sthebesttripI’veevertaken.George:Soundsgreat.10Linda:Goodidea.Youwon’tregretit.A.Ofcourse.B.Notexactly.C.Whatareyoudoing?D.Whendidyougothere?E.DoyouplantomovetoEurope?F.AreyouthinkingofvisitingEuropesomeday?G.IdecidetomakethetripnextOctoberonmyannualleave.第三节语法和词汇知识〔共15小题；每题1分，总分值15分〕从每题的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。11.—IgotthatjobIwantedatthepubliclibrary.—!That’sgoodnews.A.GoaheadB.CheersC.CongratulationsD.Comeon12.It’squitehottoday.Doyoufeellikeforaswim?A.togoB.goingC.goD.havinggone13.Pleasesendusalltheinformationyouhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.A.thatB.whichC.asD.what14.TheScottishgirlblueeyeswonthefirstprizeintheFifthChineseSpeechContest.A.byB.ofC.inD.with15.thedelayedflightwilltakeoffdependsmuchontheweather.A.WhyB.WhenC.ThatD.What16.—Youknow,Imetmygirlfriend’sparentsforthefirsttimeonlyyesterday.—?Ithoughtyou’dmetthembefore.A.SowhatB.PardonC.ReallyD.Whatfor17.Nosoonersteppedonthestagethantheaudiencebrokeintothunderousapplause.A.hadMoYanB.MoYanhadC.hasMoYanD.MoYanhas18.RalphW.Emersonwouldalwaysnewideasthatoccurredtohim.A.setoffB.setaboutC.setupD.setdown19.villagewhereIwasbornhasgrownintotown.A.The;aB.A;theC.The.TheD.A,a20.thedifficultmathsproblem,IhaveconsultedProfessorRussellseveraltimes.A.WorkingoutB.WorkedoutC.ToworkoutD.Workout21.I’dappreciateifyoucouldletmeknowinadvancewhetherornotyouwillcome.A.itB.youC.oneD.this22.DuringhisstayinXi’an,Jerrytriedalmostallthelocalfoodshisfriends.A.wouldrecommendB.hadrecommendedC.haverecommendedD.wererecommending23.Wewouldratherourdaughterathomewithus,butitisherchoice,andsheisnotachildanylonger.A.wouldstayB.hasstayedC.stayedD.stay24.Theyoungcouple,whoreturnedmylostwallet,leftIcouldaskfortheirnames.A.whileB.beforeC.afterD.since25.Mybook,TheHouseofHades,ismissing.Whohavetakenit?A.needB.mustC.shouldD.could第四节完形填空〔共20小题；每题1.5分，总分值30分〕阅读下面短文，从短文后各题的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出适合填入对应空白处的最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。ItwasMother’sDayandIwasshoppingatthelocalsupermarketwithmyfive-year-oldson,Tenyson.Aswewere26,werealizedthatonlyminutesearlieran27womanhadfallenoverattheentranceandhitherheadontheground.28waswithher,buttherewasbloodeverywhereandthewomanwasembarrassedandclearlyinshock.29,alotofpeoplestoppedtohelpout.30wewerewalkingtowardsthescene,Tenysonbecamevery31aboutwhathadhappenedtotheelderlycouple.He32tome,“Mom,it’snotmuchfunfallingoverinfrontof33.〞Seeingthattherewasaflowerstall〔摊位〕atthefrontofthesupermarket,headded,“Whyshouldn’twe34theladyaflower?Itwillmakeherfeelbetter.〞Iwas35thathe’dcomeupwiththis36idea.Sowewentoverandtoldtheflowerseller37wewanted.“Justtakeit,〞shereplied.“I38takeyourmoneyforsuchawonderful39.〞Bynowmedicalstaffhadarrived,andwere40theinjuredwoman.Wegavetheflowertothewoman’shusbandandItoldhimitwas41myson.Atthat,theoldmanstartedcryingandsaid,“Thankyouverymuch.〞Hethenturnedtome,“Youhavea42son.HappyMother’sDaytoyou.〞Themanbentdownandgavehiswifetheflower,tellingherwhoitwasfrom.43beingbadlyhurt,theoldladylookedupatTenysonwith44inhereyesandgavehimalittle45.26.A.leavingB.drivingC.movingD.stopping27.A.injuredB.awkwardC.honestD.elderly28.A.HerhusbandB.MysonC.ThecrowdD.Theseller29.A.SpecificallyB.ParticularlyC.InterestinglyD.Fortunately30.A.IfB.SinceC.WhileD.Unless31.A.guiltyB.curiousC.angryD.worried32.A.complainedB.saidC.liedD.responded33.A.nooneB.someoneC.everyoneD.anyone34.A.lendB.bringC.leaveD.buy35.A.amazedB.shockedC.puzzledD.concerned36.A.wiseB.sweetC.innocentD.crazy37.A.whichB.whenC.whatD.whether38.A.mustnotB.can’tC.maynotD.needn’t39.A.sceneB.habitC.flowerD.deed40.A.checkingwithB.lookingafterC.operatingonD.prayingfor41.A.fromB.toC.withD.about42.A.respectfulB.cheerfulC.successfulD.wonderful43.A.OutofB.RegardlessofC.ThankstoD.Asto44.A.loveB.hopeC.pityD.pain45.A.ideaB.moneyC.smileD.comfort第二局部：阅读理解〔共两节，总分值40分〕第一节〔共15小题；每题2分，总分值30分〕阅读以下四篇短文，从每题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。AOurwarmingplanetisexpectedtofaceseriouswatercrises〔危机〕inthecomingdecades—whichmeanseachnation’snaturalresourceswillbemoreimportantthanever.Percentoftotallandareacoveredbyforests(2023)WORLDAVERAGE30.88TOP5AVERAGE90.15Freshwaterresources,cubickilometersperyear(2023)WORLDAVERAGE24.1TOP5AVERAGE3,642Freshwaterresources,cubicmetersperyear(2023)WORLDAVERAGE6,122TOP5AVERAGE244,9731.SURINAME94.58RESTOFTOP52.Micronesia91.663.Seychelles88.484.Samoa88.405.Palau87.61123.CHINA22.471.BRAZIL5,418RESTOFTOP52.RussianFederation4,3133.Canada2,8504.UnitedStates2,8185.CHINA2,8131.ICELAND532,891RESTOFTOP52.Guyana304,7233.Suriname166,1124.PapuaNewGuinea114,2165.Bhutan106,923102.CHINA2,09246.Accordingtothestatistics,whatistheworldaverageoffreshwaterresourcesperperson?A.244,973cubicmeters.B.241cubickilometers.C.3,642cubickilometers.D.6,122cubicmeters.47.Whichcountryorregionhasthemostfreshwaterresourcesperyear?A.Guyana.B.Brazil.C.Iceland.D.China.48.WhichcountryorregionappearstwiceontheTop5lists?A.Bhutan.B.Seychelles.C.Canada.D.Suriname.BWhenItoldmyfatherthatIwasmovingtoDesMoines,Iowa,hetoldmeabouttheonlytimehehadbeenthere.Itwasinthe1930s,whenhewasaneditoroftheliterarymagazineofSouthernMethodistUniversity(SMU)inDallas,Texas.HealsoworkedasaprofessoratSMU,andtherewasagirlstudentinhisclasswhosufferedfromaseriousbackdisease.Shecouldn’taffordtheoperationbecauseherfamilywaspoor.HermotherranaboardinghouseinGalveston,aseasidetownnearHouston,Texas.Shewascleaningouttheattic(阁楼)onedaywhenshecameaccrossanolddustymanuscript(手稿).Onitstoppagewerethewords,“ByO.Henry.〞Itwasanicestory,andshesentittoherdaughteratSMU,whoshowedittomyfather.Myfatherhadneverreadthestorybefore,butitsoundedlikeO.Henry,andheknewthatO.HenryhadoncelivedinHouston.SoitwaspossiblethatthefamousauthorhadgonetothebeachandstayedintheGalvestonboardinghouse,andhadwrittenthestorythereandleftthemanuscriptbehindbyaccident.MyfathervisitedanO.HenryexpertatColumbiaUniversityinNewYork,whoauthenticatedthestoryasO.Henry’s.Myfatherthensetouttosellit.Eventually,hefoundhimselfinDesMoines,meetingwithGaronerCowles,atopeditorattheDesMoinesRegister.Cowleslovedthestoryandboughtitonthespot.Myfathertookthemoneytothegirl.Itwasjustenoughforhertohavetheoperationshesodesperatelyneeded.MyfathernevertoldmewhattheO.Henrystorywasabout.ButIdoubtthatiscouldhavebeenbetterthanhisownstory.49.WhofoundtheO.Henry’smanuscript?A.Thegirl’smother.B.Theauthor’sfather.C.Thegirl.D.Theauthor.50.Whichofthefollowingmightexplainthefactthatthemanuscriptwasfoundintheattic?A.O.HenryonceworkedinHouston.B.O.HenryoncestayedinGalveston.C.O.HenryoncemovedtoDesMoines.D.O.HenryoncetaughtatSMU.51.Theunderlinedword“authenticated〞inParagraph2probablymeans.A.namedB.treatedC.provedD.described52.Accordingtothetext,whydidtheauthor’sfathergotoDesMoines?A.ToselltheO.Henrystory.B.Tomeettheauthorhimself.C.TotalkwiththeO.Henryexpert.D.Togivemoneytothegirl.CWhydoAmericansstruggleswithwatchingtheirweight,whiletheFrench,whoconsumerichfood,continuetostaythin?NowaresearchbyCornellUniversitysuggestshowlifestyleanddecisionsabouteatingmayaffectweight.ResearchersconcludethattheFrenchtendtostopeatingwhentheyfeelfull.However,AmericanstendtostopwhentheirplateisemptyortheirfavoriteTVshowisover.AccordingtoDr.JosephMercola,ahealthexpert,theFrenthseeeatingasanimportantpartoftheirlifestyle.Theyenjoyfoodandthereforespendafairlylongtimeatthetable,whileAmericansseeeatingassomethingtobesqueezedbetweentheotherdailyactivities.MercolabelievesAmericanslosetheabilitytosensewhentheyareactuallyfull.SotheykeepeatinglongaftertheFrenchwouldhavestopped.Inaddition,hepointsoutthatAmericansdrivetohugesupermarketstobuycannedandfrozenfoodsfortheweek.TheFrench,instead,tendtoshopdaily,walkingtosmallshopsandfarmers’marketswheretheyhaveachoiceoffreshfruits,vegetables,andeggsaswellashigh-qualitymeatsforeachmeal.AfteravisittotheUnitedStates,MireilleGuiliano,authorofFrenchWomenDon’tGetFat,decidedtowriteabouttheimportanceofknowingwhentostopratherthansuggestinghowtoavoidfood.Todayshecontinuestostayslimandrarelygoestothegym.Insipteofallthesedifferences,evidenceshowsthatrecentlifestylechangesmaybeaffectingFrencheatinghabits.Todaytherateofobesity—orextremeoverweight—amongadultsisonly6%.However,asAmericanfastfoodgainsacceptanceandtheyoungrejectoldertraditions,theobesityrateamongFrenchchildrenhasreached17%—andisgrowing.53.InwhatwayaretheFrenchdifferentfromAmericansaccordingtoDr.JosephMercola?A.Theygoshoppingatsupermarketsmorefrequently.B.Theysqueezeeatingbetweentheotherdailyactivities.C.Theyregardeatingasakeypartoftheirlifestyle.D.Theusuallyeattoomuchcannedandfrozenfood.54.Thistextismainlyabouttherelationshipbetween.A.AmericansandFrenchB.lifestyleandobesityC.childrenandadultsD.fastfoodandoverweight55.Thistextismainlydeveloped.A.bycontrastB.byspaceC.byprocessD.byclassification56.Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?A.ATVinterview.B.Afoodadvertisement.C.Ahealthreport.D.Abookreview.DOneafternoonlastweek,Isawthreetearfulchildrenfrommyson’sschoolbeingcomfortedbyteachers.Thatmorning,my11-year-oldbadstomachpains,retching(干呕)intoabowl.Talkingtoothermotherslater,Iheardaboutotherchildrenwithstomachacheordifficultysleepingthenightbefore.Whatcausedsomuchpain?Sportsday.Sportsdaymightbenecessaryatahighly-competitiveindependentschool,butnotatavillageprimaryschool.Forthechildrenwhocanflylikethewind,sportsdaycausesnoproblem.Forthosewhoareoverweightorjustnotgoodatsport,itisanightmare〔恶梦〕.Evenforthosewhoenjoyrunningbutfallhalfwaydownthetrackinfrontoftheentireschoolandtheirparents,itcanproveadisaster.Whydoweputourchildrenthroughthisannualsuffering?Somemaysaycompetitionischaracterbuilding;orit’stakingpart,notwinning,that’simportant;orthatitisatraditionofschoollife.Ijustfeltgreatpityforthosechildrenintearsorinpain.Teamgamesattheendofsportsdayproducedsomecloseraces,wildenthusiasm,lotsofshouting—andwerefuntowatch.Moreimportantly,thechildrenwhowerenotsofastorquickatpassingtheballwerehiddenalittlefromeveryone’seyes.Someofthemalsohadthethrillofbeingonthewinningside.Iwiththatsportsdaycouldbeabandonedandreplacedwithsomeotherless-competitiveevent.Perhapsanafternoonofteamgame,withafewracesforfhosewhowantthem,wouldbelessstressfulforthechildrenandalotmorefuntowatch.57.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor’ssonfromParagraph1?A.Hetalkedwithsomemothers.B.Hecomfortedhisclassmates.C.Hehaddifficultyinsleeping.D.Hesufferedfromstomachache.58.Sportsdayisstillanannualeventinthisschoolprobablybecause.A.thisisanindependentschoolB.itisatraditionoftheschoolC.ithelpschildrenloseweightD.childrenenjoywatchingsports59.Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutteamgames?A.Theshouldincludemorestressfulraces.B.Theyareacceptabletodifferentchildren.C.Theyshouldbeabandonedatprimaryschools.D.Theyarelessfunforthosewholoverunning.60.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardssportsday?A.Critical.B.Neutral.C.Positive.D.Ambiguous.第二节〔共5小题；每题2分，总分值10分〕根据短文内容，从下框的A~F选项中选出能概括每一段主题的最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。选项中有一项为多余项。RealwinnersoftourismNegativeeffectsoftourismGrowingtourismintheworldDevelopingtourismwithcautionBenefitstothelocalsfromtourismTourismproblemsandpossiblesolutions.61.OntheMediterraneanislandofMajoreainSpain,thelocalsareangry.Toolate.Inthelastquarterofthe20thcentuty,theyobtainedprofitfromforeignvisitorswantingtobuyuppropertyontheirbeautifulisland.SuddenlyitoccurredtoMajoreansthattheislandnolongerbelongedtothem.Its630,000inhabitants〔居民〕areincreasinglyconvincedthatthe14millionvisitorsayeararefartoomuchofagoodthing.Waterisinshortsupply,pollutionisworsening,andthereisnoaffordablehousingleftforthemtobuy.62.Tourismistheworld’slargestandfastestgrowingindustry.In1950,25millionpeopletraveledabroad;lastyearitwas750million.TheWorldTourismOrganizationpredictsthat1.6billionpeople,by2023,willtraveleachyear,spendingovertwotrillion.63.Thehostcountrymaynotseemanybenefits.InThailand,60%ofthe$4billionannualtourismincomeleavesthecountry.Touristsarrangedbytravelcompaniestendtostayatbigforeign-ownedhotels,buyingfewlocalprodects.Masstourism(旅游团队)usuallyleaveslittlemoneyinsidethecountryandmostofthemoneygoestotheairlines,thetouroperators,andtheforeignhotelowners,whoarethefinalwinneroftourism.64.Thesedaystheindustry’smosturgentquestionmaybehowtocontroltheflowoftourists.AtypicalexampleofthisisItaly,wheregreatculturalcenterslikeFlorenceandVenicecan’thandleallthetouriststheygeteverysummer.InFlorence,itshalf-millioninhabitantshavetolivewiththepolution,trafficjam,andcrimecausedby11millionvisitorsayear.Nowthere’stalkabouthowtosolvetheseproblems,likeraisinghoteltaxes,orevenchargingadmissiontosomepublicsquares.Theideaistodiscourageatleastsomevisitors,aswellastopayforcleaningupthemess.61.Formanypoorercontries,tourismmaystillofferthebesthopefordevelopment.TheVietnamesearedoingtheirbesttoopenuptheircountry.Libyahaspaid$1millionforastudy.Theyallwanttourists.Yetifsomethingisn’tdone,tourismseemscertaintobecomethevictimofitsownsuccess.Itseffectontheenvironmentisamajorconcern.Forthisreason,touristorganizationsneedtohavesecondthoughtsaboutwhatexactlytheyaretrytosell.第三局部：写作〔共三节，总分值55分〕第一节单词拼写〔共10小题；每题1分，总分值10分〕根据以下各句句意和空白之后的汉语提示词，在答题卡指定区域的横线上写出对应单词的正确、完整形式，每空只写一词。66.Thefirstfewweeksofthis(春天)wereunusuallycold.67.Takethelifttothe(第十)floor,andyouwillfindthegym.68.Wecaneatoutifyoulike,butIwould(更喜欢)tostayin.69.Keepinmindthatitisashameto(浪费)food.70.Itwas(勇敢的)ofMarytoquitherjobandstartherownbusiness.71.I’mhappythatmy80yearoldgrandmahaslearnedhowto(下载)fromtheInternet.72.Theyfailedtoreachasettlement,becausethey(不同意)toomuchwitheachother.73.Menandwomenmustbetreated(平等地)ineducationandemployment.74.OnJune27,2023,theJiaolongreacheda(深度)of7,062metresinthePacificOcean.75.Theadvertisementforengineersinthelocalpaperattractedmany(申请人).第二节短文改错〔共10小题；每题1.5分，总分值15分〕假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词出加一个漏词符号〔＾〕，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线〔\〕划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线〔__〕，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者〔从第11处起〕不计分。MyfathertookmeoutcampingforthefirsttimewhenIwasseven.Hewantedteachmeaboutanimals,insectsandtrees.Myunclesallcomealongwithbowsandarrowsforhunting.Oneeveningatsunset,wesatbythefire,haveourbarbecue.Justthenabirdwasflyingoverus.Myunclesimmediatejumpedupandshottheirarrowsonthebird.Neitherofthearrowshitthetarget.Suddenlythearrowswasflyingdownatusfromt