初中英语定语从句的用法和精练(一)

（二）语法讲解定语从句的用法和精练一、定语从句的概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that,which,who（宾格whom,所有格whose）等，关系副词包where,when,why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去,意思仍完整。四、关系代词的用法that既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：Marylikesmusicthatisquietandgentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语）Thecoat（that）Iputonthedeskisblue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语）which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如：Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语）Thefilm（which）wesawlastnightwaswonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）3・who,whom用于指人,who用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom,也可省略。例如：ThegirlwhooftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromEngland.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（作主语）Whoistheteacher（whom）LiMingistalkingto?正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？（作宾语）4.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语，后面要紧跟被修饰的名词。Therearesomepeoplewhosefacesyoucannevrforget.有些人，他们的脸你永远难以忘怀。（定语从句修饰先行词people）Isawsometreeswhoseleaveswereblackbecauseofthepollutedair.我看见一些树的树叶由于空气污染而发黑。（定语从句修饰行词trees）注意：（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时,who,that,which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.这是我们去年居住的房子。PleasetellmefromwhomyouborrowedtheEnglishnovel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：Thisisthepersonwhomyouarelookingfor.这就是你要找的那个人。that作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如：Thecitythatshelivesinisveryfaraway.她居住的城市非常远。关系词只能用that的情况：先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that,而不用which.例如：Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.他是第一个通过考试的人。被修饰的先行词为all,any,much,many,everything,anything,none,theone等不定代词时，只能用that,而不用which.例如：Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop?你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？c・先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,little,fewno等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如：ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that,而不用which•例如：IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：Whoisthegirlthatiscrying?正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？关系词只能用which,而不用that的情况：关系代词前有介词时，一般用which,而不用that.例如：Thisistheroominwhichhelives.这是他居住的房间。弓|导非限制性定语从句，用which,而不用that.例如：Tomcameback,whichmadeushappy.汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。五、关系副词的用法引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where或why等。分别作状语，意义上相当于介词+which结构,分别代替表示时间、地点或原因的先行词。when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。(when二onwhich)Hecameatatimewhenweneededhimmost.他是在我们最需要他的时候来的。(when二atwhich)Wewillneverforgettheyear1949,whenthPeople'sRepublicofChinawasfounded.我们永远忘不了1949年，那是中华人民共和国成立的一年。(when=inwhich)B・where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。IrecentlywentbacktothetownwhereIwasborn.我最近曾回过一次我出生的城市。(where=inwhich)Iwouldliketoliveinacountrywherethereisplentyofsunshine.我想住在一个阳光充足的国家。(where=inwhich)What'sthenameoftheplacewhereyouspentyourholiday你度假的那个地方叫什么名字？(where=atwhich)C・why指原因，在限制性定语从句中作原因状语。Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.请告诉我你误机的原因。(why=forwhich)随堂练习：(切记规律!)用适当的关系代词that,which,who,whom填空。Thefirstthingyoumustdoistohaveameal.April1stisthedayiscalledAprilFool'sDayinthewest.Thefamilyhadlosteverythinginabigfiregotmuchhelpfromtheirfriends.Thehouseweliveinisveryold.Didn'tyouseethemanItalkedwithjustnow?Isthereanythingyoudon'tknow?.7IwanttoreadallthebookswerewrittenbyLuXun,ThisisthesecondbookIborrowedfromthelibrary.HeistheonlypersonIknowhere.We'retalkingaboutthepeopleandtheschoolwehavevisitedinthecountry.Whoisthegirliswearingaredcoat?Lookatthebooksonthebookshelf.YoucanseethetwoyouboughtmeformybirthdayII单项填空()1.Thisistheveryhousewearelookingfor.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.whose()2.I'vereturnedallthebooksIborrowedfromthelibrary.A.whichB.themC.whatD.that()3.Thereisn'tmuchIcantellyou.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where()4.Shekeptarecordofeverythinghappenedduringthemeeting.A.whenB.thatC.whichD.what()5.PleasetellusaboutthepersonsandtheplacesyouvisitedinShanghai.A.thatB.whoC.whichD.whom()6.CaliforniawasthefirststateIhadvisitedintheUS.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.what()7.-Doyouknowthemanistalkingwithyourfather?-Yes,he'sourheadmaster.A.heB.whoC.whichD.whom()8.IsthistheriverIcanswim?A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD.theone()9.ThisisthebesthotelinthecityIknow.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.it()10.Canyoulendmethedietionarytheotherday?A.thatyouboughtB.youboughtitC.thatyouboughtitD.whichyouboughtit()11.AnyonewithwhatIsaidmayputupyouhands.A.whichagreesB.whoagreeC.whoagreesD.whichagree()12.Mywatchisnottheonlythingismissing.A.thatB.itC.whichwho()13.ThemancoatisblackiswaitingatthegateA.who'B.whoseC.thatofwhich.()14.Thegirlisreadingunderthetreemysister.A.which;isB.whom;wasC.who;isD.who;was()15.Iloveplacesthepeoplearereallyfriendly.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.who()16.Theworldismadeupofmatter.A.inthatweliveB.onwhichweliveC.whereweliveinD.welivein定语从句强化练习(一)Thereisnodifficultycan'tbeovercomeintheworld.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.whatWhoisthepersonisstandingatthegateofBeijingTourismTower?A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whomThiswasthesupermarketIboughtthiskindoftin.A.whereB.thatC.whoD.whichThehousethecapitalistusedtoliveinisnowanursery.A.thatB.whereC.whatD.whenThisisthelasttimeIshallcomeheretohelpyou.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.whatThehouseweliveisnotbig.A.inthatB.whichC.inwhichD.thatMyneighbursusedtogivemeahandintimeoftrouble,wasverykindofthem.A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whomAllglittersisnotgold.A.thatB.whichC./D.whatBeijing,isthecapitalofChina,isabeautifulcity.A.thatB.itC.whichD./That'sthehotellastyear.A.whichwestayedB.atthatwestayedC.WherewestayedatD.wherewestayedAnyonethisopinionmayspeakout.A.thatagainstsB.thatagainstC.whoisagainstD.whoareagainstTheplaceyouarestandingusedtobeanoldchurch.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when首字母填空Manhasabigbrain.Hecanthinkandslanguages.Scientistsoncethoughtthatmanisn'tthesameasanimalsb__mancanthinkandlearn.Theyknownowthatdogs,monkeysandbirdscanlearn,too.Theyarebeginningtou__thatmenaredifferentfromanimalsbecausetheycanspeak.Animalscan'tspeak.Theymakemuchn__whentheyareafraid,orunhappy.Apes（猿）canlearnsomethingsmorequicklythanman.Oneortwoofthemhavelearnedafewwords.Buttheycannotjoinwordstomakes_.Theycannotthinklusbecausetheyhavenolanguage.Languageisawonderfulthing.Manhasbeena__tobuildamodernworldbecausehehaslanguage.Everychildcanspeakhisownlanguageverywwhenheisfourorfive,bnoanimalslearntospeak.Howdochildrenlearnit?Scientistsdontreallyknowwhappensinsideourbodywhenwespeak.Theyonlyknowthatmancanspeakbecausehehasabrain.阅读理解Thetwoboys,each17yearsold,wereonasmallboattrip（旅行）.TheyhadleftMinneapolisweeksbefore.NowtheyhadgoneasfarasNorwayHouse,onLakeWinnipeg（Seethemap）.TheywantedtogettoYorkFactoryButitwas450milesaway!AndtherewasonlyonevillagebetweenNorwayHouseandit.Thatnight,theboyscouldhardlysleep.Overandover,eachaskedhimself,“WhatcanIsaytomyfamilyifweturnback?Butisn'titfoolishforustogoaloneintosuchaplace?Whatifwegetlost?Shouldweturnbackornot?"Thenextmorning,theboystalkedwithtwopolicemen.“Wedon'tliketoseeyouboysstartoutonthistrip,”saidoneofthemenseriously.“It'sdangerous,"saidtheother.“Whydon'tyouboysgohomenow?”“We'vethoughtitover,"saidEric.“Wecan'tstophalf-waynow.Shallwegoon,Walter?”“Yes,”Walteranswered.Maybeitisaveryhardtripbutlet'sgoon!WestartedouttogotoYorkFactory.Let'snotstopuntilwegetthere.Anoldmanwasneartheboys.Heheardwhattheyhadsaid.“Goodforyou!"hesaidtothem.“I'msureyoucanmakeit.Justthinkaboutthenex