商务英语阅读(第二版) 王关富 Unit5 Japan goes from dynamicto disheartened 课后答案

Unit5JapanGoesFromDynamictoDisheartenedExercises1.Answerthequestionsonthetext:1)WhatwerethetwomajorfactorscomprisingJapan’seconomicbubbleinthe1980’s?#speculativestock#propertybubbles2)WhatwerethemethodsJapanesegovernmentadoptedtostimulateitseconomy,butturnedouttobeafailure?#budgetdeficits#floodofeasymoney3)Whatdoes“economicGodzilla”meaninthetext?Itmeanseconomicgiantwithenormouspower.ItissoquotedbecauseitisaJapanculturalicon.4)WhatarethereasonsthattheU.S.wouldnotfollowJapan’ssuit,accordingtosomeeconomists?#thegreaterresponsivenessoftheAmericanpoliticalsystem#Americans’greatertoleranceforcapitalism’screativedestruction5)Whatarethespecifiedstepsinthe“deflationarytrap”?Demanddecreases→supplydecreases→unemployment/reluctanceininvesting→lessspending→lessdemand.6)WhatarethefactorscontributingtoJapan’sevendimmerfuture?#theworld’slargestgovernmentdebt(around200%ofGDP)#ashrinkingpopulation#risingratesofpovertyandsuicide7)WhydopeopletodayrefertotheJapaneseyouthas“herbivores”?Because:underthebackgroundoflong-termeconomicstagnation,youngergenerationofJapanbecomepessimisticandfatalistic,andtheylackambitionsthattheirparentsoncevaluedandbecomemildlytemperedandbehavedinbothcareerandsex.8)WhatdoyouthinkofJapan’srealestateindustry?Duringtheperiodofdeflation,propertykeepslosingitsvalue,andpeoplethenrefusetobuynewhousesandhouse-ownersareburdenedwithlargesumsofloan.Theyhavetocomeupwithdifferentwaystocutexpenses,whichsabotagespeople’sexpectationstowardsabetterfuture.9)WhyisMr.Kaiamiexpectinginflationtocomebackagain?BecausetheJapaneseeconomyhasbeendepressedandsluggishforsolong.IfinflationcomesbackheexpectstoseevibrancyoftheJapaneseeconomyagain.10)Accordingtothearticle,howwouldyouexplain“destructivedestruction”?Onthecontrarytocreativedestruction,whichdescribesthechaoticchangesthatoccurwhenanewproduct(i.e.,technology)orserviceisintroducedintothemarket,andentrepreneurscanmakegreatprofitbyinnovation,destructivedestructionheremeanspeople’spessimisticexpectationrendersthemmakingtheirlivingbycuttingexpensesandsellingcurrentpropertyratherthanriskingcreatingnewfortune.2.Fillineachblankofthefollowingsentenceswithoneofthephrasesinthelistgivenbelow:1)Ihavediscoveredthatpayingdownyourloancanresultinbeingcashpoorwhenaneedoremergencyarises.2)Theroadtorecoveryisalongone,sothepoliticiansmustwakeuptotherecession,acceptitandgetuswhereweneedtogo.3)AllsignspointtoApple’siPadsalesastherecoveryoftabletPCsandfuturespendingboom.4)Duringthisurgentperiod,journalistsweretoldtoholdbackonsomestoriesincasetheymightdodamagetothedelicateadministration.5)Accordingtosomeanalysts,BPPlc'soilspillintheGulfofMexicowilldrivedownrentalpricesfordeep-seadrillingvesselsbyabout20percent.6)Consolidationislikelytoincreasesincenooneplayercontrolsmorethan10percentofthemarket,there’sagoldenopportunityforbigfishtogobbleupsmallerbusinesses.7)Accordingtoasurvey,teachersandlawyersareputinthemostovertime,theytoilfortenhoursaweekunpaid.8)Theyalsoaddedthattheywouldnotsurrenderthefutureoftheirchildrentoafewpeoplewhoarebentonenslavingthemforlife.9)China'stoplegislatureistodeliberateaboutthedraftamendmenttothepersonalincometaxlaw,amajormovethatismeanttonarrowthewideninggapbetweenthecountry'srichandpoor.10)Wemustbridgethegapbetweenthesupplyanddemandofpowerifwearetoachievehigherratesofeconomicgrowthonasustainablebasisinthenextdecade.3.MatchthetermsincolumnAwiththeexplanationsincolumnB:AB1)budgetdeficita)Aprocedurewhich,incertainjurisdictions,allowsanindividualtodeclarebankruptcy.102)stagnationb)Thehighest-rankingcorporateadministratorinchargeoftotalmanagementofanorganization.93)pricewarc)Theamountbywhichagovernment,company,orindividual'sspendingexceedsitsincomeoveraparticularperiodoftime.14)speculativestockd)Aprocedurewithrapidincreasesinvaluationsofrealestateuntiltheyreachunsustainablelevelsrelativetoincomesandothereconomicelements,followedbyareductioninpricelevels.85)deflatione)Commercemoneythatcanbeborrowedatalowinterestrate.76)grossdomesticproductf)Aperiodoftimeinwhichaneconomyexperiencesdifficultiesandachieveslittleornogrowth.27)easymoneyg)Marketsituationinwhich(usuallytwo)Powerfulcompetitorstrytousurpeachother'smarketsharebyprogressivelyreducingpricesuntiloneofthemretreats,atleasttemporarily.38)propertybubbleh)Themonetaryvalueofallthefinishedgoodsandservicesproducedwithinacountry'sbordersinaspecifictimeperiod.69)chiefexecutiveofficeri)Ageneraldeclineinprices,oftencausedbyareductioninthesupplyofmoneyorcredit.510)personalbankruptcypositivereturns.4j)astockwithhighriskrelativetoanypotential4.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese:自2008年经济震荡以来酋长国城市迪拜遭受了媒体的负面宣传。假如该城市国的统治者们在这时退缩的话，他们只能怪自己了。不管怎么说，是他们自己首先招徕了媒体的关注。只在二十来年之前，迪拜还只不过是空旷的沙漠而已，没有任何理由建曼哈顿式的高楼大厦，更不用说世界最高楼了。也就是说，除了浮华的抱负外没有任何其他理由能使荒芜之地变为世界上最具活力的城市之一。当迪拜塔（世界最高塔最初的名称）开建时，迪拜正处于由国外投机商促成的划时代繁荣之中，奢华发展项目接连不断。1月4日迪拜塔正式开张时虽烟花绚丽多睬，但实际上这种哗众取宠的表现已开始衰减了。在这数周之前，迪拜最大的国有开发公司就已宣布无力偿债。官方公布的数据显示迪拜欠债主800亿美元，但阿拉伯地区最大的投资银行EFG-Hermes估计其债务可能高达1700亿美元。后来为了避免这一十分尴尬的局面，石油资源丰富的阿布扎比的统治者SheikKhalifaal-Nahyan注入了100亿美元，而且该摩天大楼的主人把该楼改名为哈利法塔。对于一个习惯于华丽辞藻的城市来说，这已是相当的落魄了。不过，在接踵而来的恐慌、指控和幸灾乐祸之中，人们可能很容易忘记，海湾不仅仅只有迪拜。临近的竞争对手们从金融危机中恢复的状态比其伤痕累累邻居要好，其中有些因更丰富的石油天然气资源比迪拜要富得多。根据里雅得沙特法国银行和巴黎农业信贷银行首席经济学家JohnSfakianakis的预测，海湾地区今年不光能从全球衰退中复苏，而且可能成为继东南亚经济后第二个最重要的全球经济增长中心。他说：“世界一直来只关注迪拜，但迪拜不是海湾合作委员会，”他指的是比较松散的海湾国家政治和经济联盟。“从短期看，迪拜的问题可能会影响世界对该地区的看法。但从长远看，海湾地区一定会展现强劲的增长势头。”5.Fillineachofthefollowinggapswithoneofthesentencesgivenbelow:1)Thisisanightmareforallbutthemostinnovativebusinesses.2)Well,theJapanesearestartingtodothat.3)Theymightbelivingwiththeirparents,savingtheirsalariesfordesignerhandbags.4)Alwaysconsciousthatithasnooilofitsown,Japanisnowthemostenergy-efficientlargeeconomy.5)Thecapital'spublic-transportsystemalsomakesiteasyandcheaptogetaround.SupplementaryReadingAsianEconomiesReboundinSpiteoftheWest1.Theword"decoupling"inthefirstparagraphreferstotheprocessthat__________.A.U.S.economyisstillreliantonAsiacountries’exportsoastoreviveinashorttime.B.U.S.economydoesn’tnecessarilyhavetodependonAsiancountries’export.C.AsianeconomiesbecomeindependentonU.S.consumptionandboomallbythemselves.D.AsianeconomiesstillhavetodependonU.S.consumerspending.2.Accordingtothecontext,whatdoes“R.I.P.”in“decouplingR.I.P.”inthesecondparagraphmean?A.RestinPeace.B.RoutingInformationProtocol.C.RenderImmensePower.D.RecoveryIsPossible.3.WhichofthefollowingistrueasthesignsofAsianeconomyrecovery?A.China’sexporthasincreasedby17%everymonththisyear.B.India’s5.8%growthisnotasgoodasestimated.C.Indonesiahasachievedaquickandsmoothgrowthof4.4%.D.India’sperformancehasexceededpreviousexpectation.4.Whatisthecoreofthedecouplingthesis?A.TheWestwillconsumethemajorityofproductsthatAsianeconomiesproduce.B.Asianeconomiescanachievegrowthamongthemselvesbydomesticdemands.C.ConsumerspendinginAsiacan'tfillthegapleftbyfallingexportstotheU.S..D.U.S.canholdupitseconomybydomesticdemand.5.WhatisoneimportantreasonofAsianrevivalaccordingtoMerrillLynch?A.TheWestisgettingricherandbeginstoconsumemoregoodsfromAsia..B.Chinahasalargerdomesticdemandwhichresultsinajumpinimportfromtherestoftheregion.C.JapanismoreeconomicallyinterrelatedwithotherAsiancountries.D.U.S.hasdeclinedtheimportfromEuropeandJapan,instead,itimportmorefromAsia.6.WhydoesChinesegovernmentspendlargesumofmoneytocover90%populationwithhealth-care?A.