直通车后48小时或冲分讲义及-托福阅读化

TOEFLJunior

ReadingComprehension北京新东方学校美高精英计划TOEFLJunior阅读组一、TOEFLJunior考试介绍考试内容：听力理解（ListeningComprehension）语言形式与含义（LanguageFormandMeaning）阅读理解（ReadingComprehension）题目数量：各42道题，共126道题考试时间：110分钟考试形式：纸质笔考，均为选择题二、TOEFLJunior阅读考试介绍文章：7篇文章体裁：非学术和学术非学术：邮件信函、通知公告和新闻故事学术：说明文和议论文长度：200-350个单词考试时间：50分钟三、阅读问题类型及分析主旨题目的题推断题问题类型指代题词义理解题细节题1.主旨题MainIdea“TheGoldenGateBridgeisafamousbridgeinSanFrancisco.Thebridgehasaredcolor,butgraycloudsoftensurroundit.Oncleardayspeoplecometotakepicturesofthebridge.Thepicturesshowthegreenhillsnexttothebridgeandthebluewaterunderit.”

Whatisthistextmostlyabout?GraycloudsSanFranciscoAfamousbridgeTakingphotographs“TheGoldenGateBridgeisafamousbridgeinSanFrancisco.Thebridgehasaredcolor,butgraycloudsoftensurroundit.Oncleardayspeoplecometotakepicturesofthebridge.Thepicturesshowthegreenhillsnexttothebridgeandthebluewaterunderit.”surroundv.围绕，环绕nextto挨着Whatisthistextmostlyabout?GraycloudsSanFranciscoAfamousbridgeTakingphotographs√主旨题的问法Whatisthemaintopicaboutthearticle?Whatisthemainideaaboutthearticle?Whichwouldbethemostsuitable/appropriateheadlineforthearticle?Whichtitlebestsummarizethemainideaofthepassage?n.标题adj.合适的

v.总结

主旨题的答题技巧理清整篇文章的结构和框架；抓住每段的中心句或相对重要的信息；排除文中未提及的信息和细节的选项；正确的选项不会与文中的任何一句话完全相同。Somefoodscontainfat-solublevitamins,suchasA,D,E,andK．Thebodyonlyneedsasmallamountofthesevitamins．Theamountthatisnotneededisstoredinthebody’sfattissues．Ittakesaverylongtimeforthebodytogetridofthisextraamount.Itcanbuildupinthebodyandcausehealthproblems.Water-solublevitamins,suchasBandC,areverydifferent.Oncethebodygetsenoughofawater-solubleVitamin,thekidneysgetridoftheunneededamountthroughurine.So,water-solublevitaminsneedtobeeateneveryday.Itisalmostimpossibleforthebodytohavetoomuchofawater-solubleVitamin.Butitisverycommonforthebodytonothaveenoughofawater-solublevitamin

Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?WherevitaminsarestoredDifferenttypesofvitaminsHowvitaminshelpthebodyTheimportanceofvitaminSomefoodscontainfat-solublevitamins,suchasA,D,E,andK．Thebodyonlyneedsasmallamountofthesevitamins．Theamountthatisnotneededisstoredinthebody’sfattissues．Ittakesaverylongtimeforthebodytogetridofthisextraamount.Itcanbuildupinthebodyandcausehealthproblems.soluble(adj.)可溶解的

fat-soluble:脂溶性的,water-soluble水溶性的store(v.)储藏，储备

tissue(n.)(生物的)组织getridof(v.phr.)摆脱，处理掉，解脱Water-solublevitamins,suchasBandC,areverydifferent.Oncethebodygetsenoughofawater-solublevitamin,thekidneysgetridoftheunneededamountthroughurine.So,water-solublevitaminsneedtobeeateneveryday.Itisalmostimpossibleforthebodytohavetoomuchofawater-solublevitamin.Butitisverycommonforthebodytonothaveenoughofawater-solublevitamin.kidney(n.)肾urine(n.)尿

urinate(v.)小便Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?WherevitaminsarestoredDifferenttypesofvitaminsHowvitaminshelpthebodyTheimportanceofvitamin√2.目的题Purpose“…Howcansofewbasictastesgiverisetotheenormousnumberofflavorsweexperience?Thisispossiblebecausebasictastescombineindifferentproportions.Comparethistocolors.Thereareonlythreebasiccolors–yellow,red,andblue–butwhenmixedindifferentwaysandproportions,thesethreebasiccolorsaresufficienttocreatethevastarrayofcolorsthatweseeeveryday.…”

Whydoestheauthormentioncolors?TosuggestthattastyfoodsareoftencolorfulTohelpexplainhowsomanytastesarecreatedTodiscusshowcolorsareusedtodecoratefoodsToarguethatpeopleoftenassociatecolorswithtastes“…Howcansofewbasictastesgiverisetotheenormousnumberofflavorsweexperience?Thisispossiblebecausebasictastescombineindifferentproportions.Comparethistocolors.Thereareonlythreebasiccolors–yellow,red,andblue–butwhenmixedindifferentwaysandproportions,thesethreebasiccolorsaresufficienttocreatethevastarrayofcolorsthatweseeeveryday.…”giveriseto(phr.):引起，导致，使发生combine(v.):使结合，使联合combinationproportion(n):比例sufficient(adj.):足够的，充分的=enoughvast(adj.)大量的array(n.)一系列，大量

Whydoestheauthormentioncolors?TosuggestthattastyfoodsareoftencolorfulTohelpexplainhowsomanytastesarecreatedTodiscusshowcolorsareusedtodecoratefoodsToarguethatpeopleoftenassociatecolorswithtastes√v.联系AnnouncementOnSaturday,December12th,from10A.M.until4P.M.,CarvertonMiddleSchoolwillbeholdingamusicfestivalintheschoolgymnasium.Thespecialeventwillfeatureavarietyofprofessionalmusiciansandsingers.WearelookingforCarvertonstudentstohelpwiththejobs.InterestedstudentsshouldspeakwithMs.Braxton,themusicteacher.Studentswhowouldliketohelpatthefestivalmusthavewrittenpermissionfromaparentorguardian.

Whydidtheauthorwritetheannouncement?TherewillbeamusicfestivaltobeheldonSaturday.Theschoolislookingforsomevolunteerstohelpwiththejobsatthemusicfestival.Themusicteacherwantswrittenpermissionsfromstudents’parents.Therewillbeavarietyofprofessionalmusiciansandsingersattendingthemusicfestival.AnnouncementOnSaturday,December12th,from10A.M.until4P.M.,CarvertonMiddleSchoolwillbeholdingamusicfestivalintheschoolgymnasium.Thespecialeventwillfeatureavarietyofprofessionalmusiciansandsingers.event(n.)活动，事件feature(v.)由…主演，以…为特色vary(v.)→variety(n.)种类profession(n.)→professional(adj.)专业的，职业的WearelookingforCarvertonstudentstohelpwiththejobs.InterestedstudentsshouldspeakwithMs.Braxton,themusicteacher.Studentswhowouldliketohelpatthefestivalmusthavewritten

permissionfromaparentorguardian.writtenpermission(n.)书面许可guardian(n.)监护人Whydidtheauthorwritetheannouncement?TherewillbeamusicfestivaltobeheldonSaturday.Theschoolislookingforsomevolunteerstohelpwiththejobsatthemusicfestival.Themusicteacherwantswrittenpermissionsfromstudents’parents.Therewillbeavarietyofprofessionalmusiciansandsingersattendingthemusicfestival.v.出席，参加√目的题的问法Whatisthepurposeofthe….?Whydidhewritetheletter?Whydoestheauthormention…?v.提及，提到目的题的答题技巧涉及整篇文章的：常出现在Note,Announcement或Email中；作者写此类文章的目的是告知某事或传递某些信息；把握全局，联系上下文。涉及文中某句话或某个观点的：不需要把握全局；关注句子或段落之间的逻辑关系。3.推断题Inference“…Infact,whatweperceiveastasteofteninvolvessmellmorethanthetasteexperiencedthroughthetongue.Thisiswhyfoodswithstrongtastesoftenseemblandtopeoplewho,duetoastuffynose,cannotsmellthem.Forexample,cinnamontastesquitemildtopeoplewhocannotenjoyitsfragrantsmell.Thesameistrueofdrinks,likehotcoffeeortea,whichtastebestwhentheycanbesmelledaswellastasted…”Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutcinnamon?Itcanrelieveastuffynose.ItcanhaveaverystrongtasteItshouldbekeptinacoolplaceIttastesbetterinlargequantities“…Infact,whatweperceiveastasteofteninvolvessmellmorethanthetasteexperiencedthroughthetongue.Thisiswhyfoodswithstrongtastesoftenseemblandtopeoplewho,duetoastuffynose,cannotsmellthem.”perceive(v.)认为involve(v.)参与，涉及，包括bland(adj.)(味道)清淡的=milddueto由于，因为Forexample,cinnamontastesquitemildtopeoplewhocannotenjoyitsfragrantsmell.Thesameistrueofdrinks,likehotcoffeeortea,whichtastebestwhentheycanbesmelledaswellastasted…”mild(adj.)温和的，清淡的fragrant(adj.)（食物、花等）香的，芳香的aswellas也，和Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutcinnamon?Itcanrelieveastuffynose.ItcanhaveaverystrongtasteItshouldbekeptinacoolplaceIttastesbetterinlargequantitiesv.暗指v.缓解n.数量√推断题的问法Whatcanbeinferredfrom…?Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredabout…?Theauthorofthepassageimpliesthat…?v.推断，推理推断题的答题技巧不仅需要理解相关句子的字面意思，还必须理解这些句子之间的逻辑性暗示；排除与文章观点冲突的选项和完全照搬文中句子的选项；文章中找不到现成的答案，只能自行推断和总结。“…SoonUncleMaxhadspokenwithalmosteveryoneatthebreakfast.HehadtalkedabouthistorywithMs.Rennert,chattedaboutjewelrywithMrs.Guffman,discussedarchitecturewithMaggieFisher’smother,andspokenabouthikingwithMs.Gans,thephysicaleducationteacher.talk/chat/speakaboutsth.withsb.与某人谈论某事discusssth.withsb.与某人谈论某事jewelry(n.)珠宝architecture(n.)建筑，建筑学Whentheteachersannouncedthattheyplannedtohavethebreakfasteventagainnextyear,Celiaturnedtoherunclewithasmile.“Savethedate,OK,UncleMax?”sheasked.turntosb.转身面向某人save(v.)储蓄，救，保留WhydoesCeliatellUncleMaxto“savethedate”?ShewantshimtovisitherfamilynextweekShewantshimtocometothebreakfastnextyearSheknowshehasanappointmenttogohikingwithMs.GansShewantshimtohelphermotherrememberthedateofameetingn.预约，约定√4.指代题Reference“…SatellitesaremachinesthataresentupintospaceandsendsignalsbackdowntoEarth.Communicationsatellitesareveryimportanttoourdailylives.Theytransmitallkindsofinformation:signalsfortelephones,televisiontheInternet,andmore….”

Inline3,thewordTheyrefersto______.livessignalssatellitestelephones“…SatellitesaremachinesthataresentupintospaceandsendsignalsbackdowntoEarth.Communicationsatellitesareveryimportanttoourdailylives.They

transmitallkindsofinformation:signalsfortelephones,televisiontheInternet,andmore….”satellite(n.)卫星signal(n.)信号transmit(v.)传播，传送

Inline3,thewordThey

refersto______.livessignalssatellitestelephonesv.指代√指代题的问法Inline…,theword…refersto…Theword…inthepassagerefersto…指代题的答题技巧一般来说，被指代的事物会出现在该代词之前；确保所选答案与被标记的代词数和格的一致性；将答案替代代词放回原句，检验它是否违法语法规则。“...Apartfrombeinginfluencedbydifferentcombinationsofthebasictastes,theexperienceoftasteisalsoenrichedbyothersensations,suchasodorandtemperatures.These

functiontogethertoproducewhatwerecognizeasuniquetastes…”influence(v.)影响enrich(v.)使丰富odor(n.)气味，气息function(v.)起作用，运行recognize(v.)认为，认可Inline3,thewordTheserefersto______tastescolorssensationsexperiences√5.词义理解题WordMeaning“…Ms.BonellowasveryexcitedaboutConway’ssuggestion.SheimmediatelytoldMr.Prewitt,theotherhistoryteacheratschool,aboutthestudents’proposal.LikeMs.Bonello,Mr.Prewittthoughtthatthecyberfriendprojectwouldbeaneducationalopportunityforthem…”

Inline3,thewordproposalisclosestinmeaningto______planmeetingeducationexcitement“…Ms.BonellowasveryexcitedaboutConway’ssuggestion.SheimmediatelytoldMr.Prewitt,theotherhistoryteacheratschool,aboutthestudents’proposal.LikeMs.Bonello,Mr.Prewittthoughtthatthecyberfriendprojectwouldbeaneducationalopportunityforthem…”suggestion(n.)建议immediately(adv.)立即，马上=rightawaycyber(adj.)电脑的，网络的opportunity(n.)机会，机遇=chanceInline3,thewordproposalisclosestinmeaningto______planmeetingeducationexcitement√n.提议，建议词义理解题的问法Inline…,theword…isclosestinmeaningto…Instating…,theauthormeansthat…v.陈述词义理解题的答题技巧即使知道被考单词的意思，也需要阅读上下文结合语境作出选择；作出选择后，需将选项带入原文进行检验，保证句子的意思不会改变。“…It'sthattimeoftheyeartostartthinkingaboutourannualspringfestival.Asyouknow,theschoolholdsthefestivalforacoupleofreasons.Thefirstistoengender

asenseofcommunitybetweentheschoolandtheresidentsoftheneighborhood.Thesecondistohelpraisemoneyfortheschooltouseinavarietyofmanners.”annual(adj.)每年的asenseof…感asenseofhumor/directionresident(n.)居民manner(n.)方式Inline3,thewordengenderisclosestinmeaningto___.amplifyappreciateclarifycreatev.放大（声音），扩大v.感激，欣赏v.澄清√v.产生6.细节题Detail“Eachfoodweeattastesdifferent,andthereareuntoldnumbersofdifferenttastes.Still,allflavorsarebasedonjustfourbasictastes:sweet,bitter,salty,andsour.Somefoodexpertsarguethereisafifthbasictastecalledumami(aJapanesewordthatcanbetranslatedroughlyas“tasty”or“savory”),butthistheoryremainscontroversial.Regardlessofwhethertherearefourorfivebasictastes,thenumberissmall……”

Accordingtotheauthor,whatquestionisstilldebated?HowmanybasictastesthereareWhichtastespeopleenjoymostWhyfoodslackflavorwhenapersonissickWhatcausesthesensationofwarmthonthetongue“Eachfoodweeattastesdifferent,andthereareuntoldnumbersofdifferenttastes.Still,allflavors