高中英语语法专项讲义：介词

介词一“介词+介词短语”结构表示时间、地点等介词短语有时可以作为另一个介词的宾语，形成“介词+介词短语”结构。Hepickupthebookfromunderthedesk．Theairwasremovedfrombetweenthetwopipes．FromafterthewaruntilthepresenttimemybrotherandIhavewrittentoeachothereverymonth．Chooseabookfromamongthese．Afterabriefthunderstorm，thesunemergedfrombehindtheclouds．Theoldmanlookedatmefromabovehisspectacles．Thedevicewasremovedfromoutoftheroomyesterday．Thetestwillbefinishedinfromfiftyminutestotwohour’stime．Themachinewasdonebybetweenfortytofiftyworkers．Jackwillnotgohomeuntilaftertheconcert．Yourcompositionisquiteallrightexceptforafewspellingmistakes．SpidersliveallovertheworldexceptintheArctic．Mr．SmithistoobusytospareanytimeexceptonSunday．Ourgeneralmanagerseldomgoesanywhereexcepttohisoffice．二“with/without+宾语+宾语补足语”结构“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构称“with的复合结构”，其中宾语和宾语补足语逻辑上存在主谓关系，通常起状语作用，表示伴随情况、时间、原因、条件、让步等，有时也可以用作定语。这种结构中的宾语由名词或代词充当，宾语补足语可以由名词、形容词、介词短语、副词、不定式或分词充当。with+名词/代词+名词Hediedwithhisdaughteryetaschoolgirl．with+名词/代词+形容词Heusedtosleepwiththewindowopen．with+名词/代词+介词短语Helostawalletwithalotofmoneyinit．with+名词/代词+副词Youcantuneintothebroadcastwiththeswitchon．with+名词/代词+不定式Withhimtogiveusalead，ourteamisboundtoturnoutwell．with+名词/代词+分词Shelookedinmyfacewithtearsstreamingdownherface．Hewaslisteningtothemusicwithhiseyesclosed．“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构用作状语时，可以将with省略，成为分词独立结构，含义不变。Almostallmetalsaregoodconductors，withsilverbeingthebest．=Almostallmetalsaregoodconductors，silverbeingthebest．“without+宾语+宾语补足语”结构是“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构的反义。Anobjectmaybehotwithoutthemotioninitbeingvisible．三意义相近和容易混淆的几组介词当“asfor”和“asto”相当于“asfaras…beconcerned”时，解作“至于”、“就…而论”，两者可以通用，常位于句首。Asfornews，Ihavelittletotell．“asfor”只能解作“至于”、“就…而论”，而“asto”还可以解作“关于”，相当于“about”，可以位于句中，后面跟名词、代词或者宾语从句。Hesaidnothingastoconditions．Aquestionarisesastohowweshallrefittheequipment．“asagainst”解作“与…对比”、“对比则为”。Asagainstlastyear，ourcoaloutputhasincreasedbythreetimes．against解作“在…映照下”，“以…为背景”。Itisdifficulttoseeanythingagainstthisbrightlight．介词from指时间的起点，表示从什么时候开始；如果需要进一步说明某事到什么时候结束，则使用“from…to…”或者“from…till（until）…”，它可以用于一般现在、过去、将来时态的句子中。Thelibraryisopenfrom9a．m．to8p．m．．Hestudiesfrommorningtillnight．“fromachild”和“fromaboy”是习用短语，不能使用介词since，而childhood和boyhood之前既可以使用since，也可以使用from。当使用“fromachild”、“fromaboy”、“from（one’s）childhood”等短语时，句中的谓语既可以用现在完成时，也可以用一般过去时。Hehasbeenblindfromchildhood．Fromaboyhewasfondofstudy．当要表示持续至说话时刻的动作或情况开始于什么时候时，必须使用since，而不能使用from。另外，since后面只能跟某一点时间，不能跟某一段时间。表示时间的“from+名词”短语通常与一般时态连用，而“since+名词”短语通常与现在完成（进行）时连用，当谈起过去某一时刻时，可以与过去完成（进行）时连用。Iwastherefromeighto’clock，butnobodycame．Ihavebeentheresinceeighto’clock，butnobodyhascameyet．当since作连词时，从句的时态通常用过去时，在美国英语中也可以使用现在完成时。ItisayearsinceIleftthecountryside．=IthasbeenayearsinceIleftthecountryside．“…ago”只能与一般过去时连用，“since…ago”与现在完成时连用，其中“since…ago”可以用“for…”替换，句意不变，而且更为常用。Ihavebeenheresincesixmonthsago．=Ihavebeenhereforsixmonths．“sincewhen”结构与完成时连用，其中when是疑问代词，解作“什么时候”。Sincewhenhaveyouknownhim？Since和for都可以与现在完成时或过去完成时连用。Since表示某事从什么时候开始；for表示某事延续了多长时间。当for表示的一段时间延续到现在，就和现在完成（进行）时连用，不能和一般现在时连用；当for表示的一段时间一直延续到过去某一时刻，就和过去完成（进行）时连用。WehavelivedinHefeifortwentyyears．Whenshearrived，Ihadbeenwaitingfortwoandahalfhours．as侧重同类或完全相似，既可以作介词，后接名词或代词，也可以作连词，引导从句。like侧重比较，不属于同一类或不完全相似，通常只用作介词，后接名词或代词，不能用作连词引导从句。Youareofacooltemperlikeyourfather．（不完全相似）Youareofascoolatemperasyourfather．（完全相似，as是连词）在非正式英语中，尤其在非正式的美国英语中，like有时用作连词，代替as。HestudiesEnglishveryhard，likehedidChinesesomeyearsago．另外，在美国俗语中，like相当于asif，asthough。Hestoodtherelikehedidnotknowwhattodo．thinkmuch（little）of…解作“认为…很不错（没有什么了不起）”。当as用作介词时，通常解作“作为”，说明某人的地位、身份、职位或者某物的作用、用途。Iwillactasinterpreter．Thiswatchwasgivenmeasabirthdaypresent．beside解作“在…旁边”，besides解作“除了…之外”。Thatseemstobetheadvanceticketofficerightovertherebesidethebakeryshop．另外，beside还可以表示“与…相比”、“与…无关”。Youarequitetallbesideyoursister．Whatyousaymaybetrueenough，butitisbesidethepoint．besides用作介词时，其后面除了接名词和代词外，还可以接动名词；如果句中含有动词do时，则besides后面可以接动词原形。Whathashedonebesidesreadingnewspapers？ThatafternoonIhadnothingtodobesidesanswerletters．besides和except都解作“除…之外”，但是besides表示“包括”，如同with，而except表示“不包括”，如同without。Weallwenttothefilmbesideshim．Weallwenttothefilmexcepthim．在否定句中，besides可以代替except。Wehavenoothertoolsbesidesthese．当but用作介词，表示“除…之外”时，用法与except相同，只是except比but所表示的排除性更强，“除…之外”的意思更加明确。but和except经常用在every，any，no，none，everywhere，all，anything，nothing，nobody等词的后面。WegotoschooleverydaybutSunday．Ihavenofriendbutyou．Wehaveallbutfinishedourwork．Heisanythingbutafool．Heisnothingbutanuisance．but和except后面常跟不带to或者偶尔带to的动词不定式。Icouldnotdoanythingbutjustsitthereandhope．Hedoesnothingbuteat．注意：doanythingbut和donothingbut后的不定式不能加to。Nothingremainsforthemtodo，excepttosortuptheletters．but后面究竟跟不定式还是动名词取决于but前面的那个动词的要求。Hethinksofnothingbutmakingmoney．Helivesfornothingbuttomakemoney．butfor解作“如果没有”、“要不是”，用于虚拟语气的句子中，exceptfor解作“除…之外”，用于陈述语气的句子中。Icouldnothavedoneitbutforyourhelp．Heisagoodmanexceptforhishottemper．当but用作介词时，其后的人称代词通常要用宾格，但是当but后面的人称代词紧紧地位于谓语动词之前时，习惯上允许人称代词使用主格形式。AllbutheandIaregoingtotheexhibition．apartfrom=asidefrom，前者是英国英语，后者是美国英语，解作“除…之外”。当apartfrom相当于besides时，往往用在肯定句中。Hehasahobbyapartfromhisordinarywork．当apartfrom相当于except或者exceptfor时，既可以用在肯定句中，也可以用在否定句中。Apartfromhim，everybodyishappy．Thechildrenhardlyseeanyone，apartfromtheirparents．except后面除了跟名词、代词之外，还可以跟介词短语、副词、不定式以及由that或者when等引导的宾语从句。Heusuallygoestoworkonhisbikeexceptonrainydays．Hehasalwaysbeeningoodhealthexceptquiterecently．Hecoulddolittleexceptwrite．Hehasalwaysbeeningoodhealthexceptthathehashadaslightheadacheinthepastfewdays．Hehasalwaysbeeningoodhealthexceptwhenhehashadaslightheadache．Exceptwhereabsolutelynecessary，usenocompulsion．exceptfor与except意义相同，但是exceptfor可以放在句首，也可以放在句尾，而except通常不放在句首，只能放在句尾。在否定句中，有时besides可以代替except，但是通常也不放在句首。YoucanallgoexceptGeorge．YoucanallgoexceptforGeorge．ExceptforGeorge，youcanallgo．exceptfor解作“除了因为…”时，不能用except替代，但是含exceptfor的句子可以用含exceptthat的句子替代。Yourcompositionisgoodexceptforafewspellingmistakes．Yourcompositionisgoodexceptthatthereareafewspellingmistakes．except和exceptfor在用法上存在区别：如果句子前后有相称的同类词，则使用except，否则使用exceptfor。Theyallwentthereexceptme．Thepursewasemptyexceptforsomecoppers．肯定句中常使用exceptfor，否定句中常使用except。Therewasnooneinthestreetsexceptthepolicemanonduty．Thestreetsweredesertedexceptforthepolicemanonduty．17．excepting与except的词义相同，但是except不能用于句首，而excepting只用于句首或者用于not，without，always等词后面。Exceptinghisson，theyareallright．Allmybrotheraremarried，notexceptingtheyoungest．Allmybrotherscomehereeveryday，alwaysexceptingtheyoungest．between一般指“在两者之间”，among（st）一般指“三者或三者以上之间”。Thefortunewasdividedbetweenthetwobrothers．Thethreegirlssharetheroomamongthem．Amongallthereasonshegaveforhisaction，therewasonlyonethatwecouldaccept．among可以用来表示“之一”。Heisamongmybestfriends．当句中使用divide和share之类的词，如果后面跟着几个单数名词或代词，则用between；如果后面是复数名词或代词，则用between或者among都可以。Hesharedhispropertybetweenhiswife，hisdaughterandhissister．Hedividedhismoneybetweenhisfivesons．Hedividedhismoneyamonghisfivesons．当谈及三个或三个以上中间的每两个的关系时，用between。SwitzerlandliesbetweenFrance，Italy，AustriaandGermany．showsb．roundsomeplace和showsb．aroundsomeplace都解作“带…参观某处”。其中round表示动态事物的周围，多用于应该英国英语中；around表示静态事物的周围，多用于美国英语中。till和until用法基本相同。但是till较为普通，until较为正式；till通常不能用于句首，until可以用于句首，表示强调。Untilthelastminuteofthematchwekeptonplayingenergetically．till（until）用在肯定句中，指由起点至终点的整段时间，句中的谓语动词常用延续动词，而不用瞬间动词（若用瞬间动词，则使用by或before）。IshallfinishtheworkbeforeFriday．till（until）用在否定句或具有否定含义的句中，指由起点至终点的整段时间内的任何一点时间，句中的谓语动词常用瞬间动词，而不用延续动词。在这种情况下，有时可以用before取代till（until）。Itdidnotstopraininguntilmidnight．Herefusedtoleavetheofficebeforesix．有时，延续动词与till（until）既可以连用在肯定句中，也可以连用在否定句中，但是意思不同。HewillbeheretillSunday．（他将在这里一直呆到星期天。）HewillnotbeheretillSunday．（他要到星期天才来这里。）比较：Don’tgoouttillfour．（4点以前不可以外出。）Don’twaittillfour．（不要等到4点钟。）如果要表示“某一瞬间事件的若干时间以后”，应该使用“若干时间+after+某一瞬间时间”，而不能使用“after+若干时间+of+某一瞬间事件”。twoyearsafterhisgraduation（√）aftertwoyearsofhisgraduation（×）但是，对于延续性的行为，可以使用“after+若干时间+of+某一瞬间事件”。after通常指时间的先后次序，behind通常指位置的先后次序。Wewilldiscussthatmatterafterdinner．Thegarageisbehindthehouse．after除了表示时间“在…以后”之外，还能够表示顺序“跟在…后面”；有时也可以表示位置“在…后面”，意义与behind相同，两者可以互换，但是后者使用较广。Heranafterthebus，butcouldnotcatchit．Pleaseshutthedoorafteryou．behind通常用来表示位置“在…后面”，也可以引申为“在…背后”、“落后于”、“作…后盾”。Don’tspeakillofamanbehindhisback．HeisbehindherinEnglish．Youcan’tsetupabusinessnowadayswithoutmoneybehindyou．behind有时表示时间“晚于…”、“迟于…”，但是常与times，schedule连用。Hearrivedtenminutesbehindtime．Owingtotherecentbadweather，theworkisseveralweeksbehindschedule．on指和其他东西接触在其上边，反义词是beneath。up解作“向…上面”，反义词是down。over和above表示一物高于另一物，两物并不接触，但是over解作“在…正上方”，above解作“在…上方”。over的反义词是under，above的反义词是below。表示“覆盖在…上面”时，不能使用above，必须使用over，此时两物相互接触。Shespreadaclothoverthetable．“afterall…”、“forall…”和“withall…”解作“虽然…”、“尽管…”，用法基本相同，可互换。Afterallouradvice，heinsistsongoing．Forallyourexplanations，Iunderstandnobetterthanbefore．Withallhisfaults，welikehimstill．在“forall”后面还可以接从句。Forallheboastssomuch，hedoesverylittle．四分词介词由现在分词转化而来的介词叫作分词介词。concerning（关于）considering（考虑到）exceptingregarding（关于）including（包括）respecting（关于）IamafraidIcangiveyounoinformationregardinghiswhereabouts．其中，considering后面可以跟名词从句。Theyhavedonewellconsideringthattheyhavenoexperience．五常用的短语介词表示“因为”、“由于”的短语介词：becauseofonaccountofowingtoduetothankstoasaresultofinconsequenceofasaconsequenceofbyreasonofbyvirtueofinvirtueofbydintofinconsiderationofinviewofonthescoreofbyrightofonthegroundof上述短语介词短语一般用作原因状语，只有dueto常用作表语。Thetrainarrivedlatebecauseofthesnowstorm．Thepicnicwasheldinthegymonaccountoftherain．Owingtorisingcosts，busfareswillbeincreasedfromMondaynext．Theomissionisduetooversight．Thankstoyourhelpweweresuccessful．Twopeoplehavealreadydiedasaresultoftheaccident，andthelivesofseveralothersareindanger．Theriverhasriseninconsequenceoftheheavyrain．Asaconsequenceofthevariousinfluencesmentioned，inactualspeechmanywordsinEnglishhavenofixedaccent．Wewonbyreasonofgoodteamwork．Plasticbagsareusefulforholdingmanykindsoffood，byvirtueoftheirclearness，toughness，andlowcost．Bydintofmuchtryingwefinallyachievedourobject．Theydidn’tgivehimheavyworkinconsiderationofhisyouth．Inviewofthebiggapexistingbetweenusandtheadvancedcountriesinscienceandtechnology，wemustlosenotimeandsparenoeffortincatchingup．Hewasexcusedfromattendanceatthemeetingonthescoreofillness．Hewasbestentitledtothehonorbyrightofworth．Weproposedapostponementofthemeetingonthegroundoftoofewpersonsbeingpresent．表示“关于”的短语介词：inrelationtowithrelationtoinreferencetowithreferencetoinregardtowithregardtoinrespecttowithrespecttoinconnectionwithasregardsasconcernsasforastoWhatdidyousayinrelationtowhathappenedyesterday？Iamwritingwithreferencetoyourlastletter．Inregardtothetesttomorrow，itispostponed．Inrespecttoyourvisitwithus，wehopeyoucancomebeforeSeptember．Inconnectionwithhismatter，Ihavenoopinion．Hewasalwayssecretiveasregardshisfamily．Asconcernsthatmatter，Ishouldliketosayafewwords．表示“根据”、“按照”的短语介词：accordingtoinaccordancewithinthelightofintermsofincompliancewithinconformitywithinconformitytopursuanttoagreeablytoinlinewith“inaccordwith”和“inagreementwith”解作“与…一致”，常用作表语。“accordingas”是从属连词，引导状语从句；“accordingto”是短语介词，后接名词或名词从句。“inaccordancewith”具有两种含义：解作“按照”时，与accordingto意义相同，但是语气较重，常用作状语；解作“与…一致”时，不能用accordingto替代，常用作表语。Theywerecommendedorcriticizedaccordingastheyhaddonetheirwork．Theywerecommendedorcriticizedaccordingtotheirwork．Theywerecommendedorcriticizedaccordingtohowtheyhaddonetheirwork．ThisisdoneinaccordancewiththeinstructionoftheParty．ThisisdoneaccordingtotheinstructionoftheParty．Whathedidisquiteinaccordancewiththelaw．Accordingtotheweatherforecast，weshallhaveraintomorrow．Everythinghasbeendoneinaccordancewiththerules．Inthelightofrecentdiscoveriesitmaybenecessarytoreviseourprevioustheory．Hethinksofeverythingintermsofmoney．Incompliancewiththereaders’suggestion，wehavemadeathoroughrevisionofthebookandcutitbyhalf．Allplansaremadeinconformitywiththeviewsofthemajority．Inconformitytocustom，theoccasionwasmarkedwithgreatceremony．Bothpartiesactedpursuanttotheiragreement．Inlinewithage-oldtradition，weobservetheSpringFestivalwithgreaterceremonythanNewYear’sDay．表示“与…一致”的短语介词：inaccordwithinaccordancewithinconformitywithinlinewithinagreementwithinkeepingwithHisactionsarenotinaccordwithhiswords．Thesigningoftheagreementisinconformitywiththecommondesireandinterestsofthetwopeoples．Behavioratschoolpartiesmustbeinlinewithschoolrules．Hisopinionisinagreementwithmine．Mary’shairstylewasinkeepingwiththelatestfashion．表示“除…之外”的短语介词：解作“除…之外（不包括…在内）”：exceptfor，withtheexceptionof，exclusiveof，totheexclusionof，shortof，outsideof。Heisagoodmanexceptforhishottemper．WiththeexceptionofHarry，alltheboyswereanxioustogo．Thetrainnumberstwentycars，exclusiveofthebaggageandmailcars．Neverconcentrateallyourattentionononeortwoproblems，totheexclusionofothers．Hewilldoanythingshortofmurdertoachievehisends．Outsideofthisfact，Iknownothing．解作“除…之外（还有）”：inadditionto，ontopof，overandabove。MargaretisstudyingFrenchinadditiontoGerman．Hewritesforthenewspaperontopofhisregularjob．Overandabovebeinghighlyintelligent，thestudentsareallveryindustrious．表示“代表”、“以…名义（资格）”的短语介词：onbehalfofinbehalfofinthepersonofastherepresentativeofinthenameofinthecharacterofJohnacceptedthechampionshipawardonbehalfoftheteam．Iamspeakinginthepersonofourclass．Johnwasgiventhechampionshipawardastherepresentativeoftheteam．Iarrestyouinthenameoflaw．Iwenttoseehiminthecharacterofafriend，notinthatofalawyer．表示“为了…的利益”的短语介词：forthesakeof，forthebenefitof，forthewelfareof，intheinterest（s）of。Tomwalkstoworkforthesakeofsavingafewdollars．Ishouldliketorepeatmyopeningremarksforthebenefitofthosewhojustcamein．Heworkshardforthewelfareofthenation．Hedidhisbestintheinterestsofhisfirm．表示“以…为代价（牺牲）”的短语介词：attheexpenseof，atthecostof，atthepriceof，atthesacrificeof，bythesacrificeof。Thosewhotrytoprofitattheexpenseofotherswillcometonogoodend．Josephmarriedthewomanatthecostofeverythingheoncehelddear．Theywonthebattle，butatthepriceofmanylives．Hesavedheratthesacrificeofhislife．表示“为答复…”、“为响应…”的短语介词：inanswerto，inreplyto，inresponseto。Theelectricianwentatonceinanswertothephonecall．Whatdidyousayinreplytotheboy’squestion？TheChinesepeopleareworkinghardinresponsetotheParty’scalltospeedupsocialistconstruction．表示“为报答（报复）…”、“为酬谢…”的短语介词：inreturnfor，inrecognitionof。Ihithiminreturnforthetimehehitme．Hewaspresentedwithachequeinrecognitionofhisfortyyears’servicetothecompany．表示“为了证明…”的短语介词：inproof，insupportof，injustificationof。Heproducedevidenceinproofofhisinnocence．Hecouldproducenoevidenceinsupportofhisallegation．Injustificationofhisactionshepleadedthathewasmerelyobeyingorders．表示“为…辩解（辩护）”的短语介词：inexplanationof，indefenseof。Haveyouanythingtosayinexplanationofyourconduct？Icanfindnothingtosayindefenseofhisaction．表示“怀着…的希望”、“指望”的短语介词：inhopesof，inthehopeof，inexpectationof。TheMayorwasinhopesofhavingagooddayfortheparade．Heatealightlunchinexpectationofagooddinner．表示“代替”的短语介词：inplaceof，insteadof，inlieuof，insubstitutionfor。Wemayuseplasticsinplaceofwoodormetal．Theywentthereonfootinsteadofbybus．Themagicianappearedontheprograminlieuofasinger．Weeatplentyofvegetablesinsubstitutionforfruit．表示“借助于”的短语介词：bymeansof，withthehelpof，withtheaidof，bytheuseof。Hemadehisfortunebymeansofsmuggling．Deafanddumbpeopletalktoeachotherwiththehelpoftheirfingers．Withtheaidoftheteacherhemadegreatprogress．Bytheuseofmonthlypayments，peoplecanbuymorethantheycouldmanyyeasago．表示“为向…表示敬意”、“为纪念（庆祝）…”的短语介词：inhonorof，intributeto，inmemoryof，tothememoryof。Afarewellpartywasgiveninhonoroftheambassador．DuringBellsfuneralallthetelephoneinNorthAmericaweresilencedintributetohim．ThestatuewaserectedinmemoryofGuoMoruo．表示“为了…的目的”的短语介词：withtheaimof，forthepurposeof。Heinvestedhismoneywiththeaimofprovidinghimselfwithanincomewhenheretired．HewenttoAustriaforthepurposeofstudyingmusic．表示“寻找”、“寻求”的短语介词：insearchof，inquestof，inpursuitof。ManymenwentWestinsearchofgold．Thehunterstayedinthewoodsalldayinquestofgame．Heisinpursuitofpleasure．表示“受…支配（摆布）”、“在…控制下”的短语介词：atthemercyof，underthecontrolof，underthethumbof。Don’tbeatthemercyofyouremotions．AllschoolsareunderthecontroloftheMinistryofEducation．Heisunderthethumbofhiswife．表示“在…附近”、“接近于（大约）”的短语介词：intheneighborhoodofinthevicinityofonthevergeofonthepointofuponthepointofclosetoonthebrinkofwithinastone’sthrowofwithinaninchofHelostasumintheneighborhoodof£500．Heisonthevergeof90．Wewereonthepointoftelephoningyouwhenyourtelegramarrived．Helivesclosetothestation．Thefactoryisonthebrinkofbankruptcy．Thehousewaswithinastone’sthrowofthesea．Johnwaswithinaninchofdrowningbeforehewaspulledoutofthewater．表示次序、时间或位置“在…之前”的短语介词：aheadofprevioustopriortoinadvanceofinfrontofin（the）faceofinthepresenceofBettyfinishedhertestaheadoftheothers．Ivisitedafriendpriortomydeparture．Intheparade，thebandwillmarchinadvanceofthefootballteam．Abigtreestoodinfrontofthebuilding．Whatcouldhedointhefaceofthesedifficulties？Hewascalminthepresenceofdanger．表示“不顾”、“虽然”的短语介词：regardlessof，inspiteof，in（the）faceof。Hewentoutregardlessofherobjections．InspiteofthebadstormJohndeliveredhisnewspapersontime．Hemaintained，inthefaceofallthefacts，thatthecountrywasinastrongeconomicposition．表示“在…幌子（伪装、掩护）下”、“以…为借口”的短语介词：intheguiseofundertheguiseofunderthemaskofunder（the）coverofunderthepretenceofonthepretextofunderthepretextofuponthepretextofunderthecloakofHeisalwayspromotinghisprivateinterestsintheguiseofservingthepublic．Hediditunderthemaskofcharity．Theenemyattackedusin（the）coverofdarkness．Hegotaconsiderablesumofmoneyoutofunsuspectingpeopleunderthepretenceofcollectingfortheblind．Hedidnotcomeonthepretextofillness．表示“紧跟…之后”的短语介词：ontheheelsof，inthewakeof。Onedisasterfollowedcloseontheheelsofanother．Manytroublesfollowinthewakeofwar．表示“掌握在…手中”的短语介词：inthehandsof，inthepossessionof。Thedocumentsareinthehandsofmysolicitor．Allmydeedsareinthepossessionofmysolicitor．表示“需要…”的短语介词：inwantof，inneedof。Theyareinwantofthenecessariesoflife．Areyouinneedofhelp？表示“居…的首位”、“在…的最前面”的短语介词：ontheheadof，onthetopof。Heisontheheadofhisclass．Heisonthetopofhisclass．表示“与…关系好（融洽）”、“与…友好”的短语介词：ongoodtermswith，onfriendlytermswith，onspeakingtermswith，inharmonywith，infriendlywith。Weareongoodtermswiththepeoplenextdoor．Iamnotonspeakingtermswithhimatthepresenttime．Theylivedinharmonywitheachotherformanyyears．Wouldn’titbeawonderfulworldifallnationslivedinfriendshipwithoneanother？表示“在…开头”的短语介词：atthebeginningof，atthestartof。Hestartedhislectureatthebeginningoftheperiod．Wereachedourseatsattheverystartofthemovie．表示“在…结束时”、“在…末端”的短语介词：attheconclusionof，attheendof。Wetookavoteattheconclusionofthedebate．Heisattheendofhispatience．表示“在…中间”的短语介词：inthemidstof，inthemiddleof。Hewasinthemidstofhiswork．Hetelephonedmeinthemiddleof（the）night．表示“在…的后面”、“在…的后部”的短语介词：atthebackof，inthebackof。Thereisachild-carecenteratthebackofthefactory．Hestoredupmuchgraininaroominthebackofthehouse．表示“在…的前部”、“在…的前面”的短语介词：inthefrontof，infrontof。Heisstandinginthefrontofthebus．Heisstandinginfrontofthecar．表示“应…之要求（请求）”、“应…之邀请”的短语介词：attherequestof，attheinstanceof，attheinvitationof。Attherequestofourschool，hecameheretolectureonceaweek．Ididitattheinstanceofoneofmycolleagues．TheyvisitedChinaattheinvitationofProf．Wang．表示“以…形式（形状、形态）”的短语介词：intheformof，intheshapeof。Heexpresseditintheformoffiction．Thecloudwasintheshapeofabear．表示“以…的速度（率）”的短语介词：ataspeedof，attherateof，atarateof。Hedroveataspeedofsixtymilesanhour．Thetrainwasattherateof80kilometersanhour．表示“在…过程中”的短语介词：incourseof，in（the）processof。Therailwayisnowincourseofconstruction．Therailwayisnowin（the）processofconstruction．inthecourseof解作“在…期间”。Theworkistobecompletedinthecourseofthisweek．表示“万一”的短语介词：incaseof，intheeventof。Incaseoffire，ringthealarmbell．Intheeventofrain，thegraduationceremonywillbeheldintheauditorium．inthecaseof解作“就…来说”、“至于”，相当于asfor。Povertydepressesmostpeople；inthecasemyfatheritwasotherwise．表示“根据…类推”的短语介词：ontheanalogyof，byanalogywith。Historicallythereshouldbenoletter“l”intheword“could”；itwasinsertedontheanalogyof“would”．表示“和…一起”的短语介词：incompanywith，alongwith，togetherwith。Wewentincompanywithagroupofstudents．Iwantsomethingtoeatalongwithnoodles．Togetherwithournationalminorities，wearebuildingourcountry．表示“在…的面前”的短语介词：inthepresenceof，inthecompanyof，underthenoseof，toone’sface。Lastnighthecriticizedmeinthepresenceofothers．Shewasshyinthecompanyofstrangers．Thethiefwalkedoutofthemuseumwiththepainting，rightunderthenoseoftheguards．Idon’tliketobepraisedtomyface．表示“因缺乏…”的短语介词：forwantof，fromwantof，forlackof，bylackof，fromlackof，throughlackof。Theplantdiedfromwantofwater．Thisitemwasnotexplainedforlackoftime．表示“与…有联系”的短语介词：inassociationwith，inconnectionwith，incontactwith，intouchwith。ThenameFaradayisinassociationwithelectricity．Severalpeoplehavebeendetainedinconnectionwiththerobbery．Healwayskeepsinclosecontactwiththemasses．Doyoukeepintouchwiththem？表示“按照…的观点（看法）”的短语介词：intheeyesofintheviewofinone’sopinioninthesightoftoone’smind（口语，只用于第一人称）fromtheviewpointof=fromthepointofviewofinone’sjudgment=inthejudgmentofsb．Youmaythinkitaninnocentjoketodriveawayanotherperson’scarbutintheeyesofthelawitistheft．Intheviewofthemagistratetheoffencewasnotaseriousone．表示“在…照料下”的短语介词：inthechargeof,underthechargeof,inthecareof,underthecareof,insb’scharge,insb’scare。Theboywastakeninthechargeofhistutor．Theboywasinhistutor’scharge．Thechildwasleftinthecareofhersister．Thechildwasleftinhersister’scare．以at开头的短语介词：attheageof（在…岁时）atthetopof（在…顶部）atthebottomof（在…的底部）atthefootof（在…的底部）atthementionof（一提到…）at（the）sightof（一看到…）atthethoughtof（一想到…）atthe（bare）ideaof（一想到…）atthemomentof（当…时）attheintervalsof（每隔…时间；每隔…距离）attheriskof（冒…的危险）atoddswith（与…有争执；与…不一致）atpeacewith（与…和睦相处）BenjaminFranklindiedin1790attheageofeighty-four．YouwillseeCanadaatthetopofthemap．Youmayfindthewordatthebottomofthepage．Inthecapitalistcountriesthelaboringpeopleliveatthefootofthesocialladder．Atthementionofhisnameheinstantlystoodup．Atthesightofthepoliceofficersthemenranoff．Atthethoughtofthewordsofhisdyingcomrade，hetookcourageandfoughton．Allthestudentswereexcitedattheideaofaweekendsportscompetition．Hereceivedathunderousovationatthemomentofhisappearanceontheplatform．Wetakearestatintervalsoftwohours．IwillsaywhatIhonestlythink，evenattheriskofoffendingpeople．Theyusedtobeatoddswitheachother．Inthosequietandpleasantsurroundingshefeltatpeacewithalltheworld．以in开头的短语介词：intheabsenceof（在缺乏…的情况下）inanticipationof（因预料到…）（in）careof（由…转交）incomparisonwith（与…比较）incontrastwith（与…形成对照）incontrastto（与…形成对照）indangerof（在…的危险中）inthedirectionof（朝…的方向）inexchangefor（交换）inexpectationof（因期望…）infavorof（赞同…；有利于…）infavorwith（得到…的欢心）inignoranceof（不知…）inillustrationof（为说明…）inimitationof（为模仿…）injusticeto（为了对…公正起见）inleaguewith（与…相勾结）inlovewith（跟…恋爱）inthenatureof（具有…的性质；类似）inthepayof（受…雇用，被…收买）inapositionto（do）（能够（做））inpraiseof（为颂扬…）inpreparationfor（作为…的准备）inproportionto（与…成比例）insightof（在见得到…的地方）withinsightof（在见得到…的地方）instepwith（与…步调一致）inthethickof（在…最激烈的时刻）Intheabsenceofadequateevidence，thethiefwasonlylightlypunished．Weboughtanextrasupplyofcoalinanticipationofacoldwinter．Youmightwritetome（in）careof