2018高考英语全国卷2

2018年全国普通高等学校统一考试英语试题（本试卷共12页。时间：120分钟总分：150分）第二部阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15题;每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ASummerActivitiesStudentsshouldreadthelistwiththeirparents/carers,andselecttwoactivitiestheywoul dliketodo.Formswillbeavailableinschoolandonlineforthemtoindicatetheirchoicesandreturntoschool.Beforechoicesarefinalised,parents/carerswillbeaskedtosigntoconfirmtheirchildren,schoices.ActivityDescriptionMemberofstaffCostOutdoorAdventure（OUT）Takeyourselfoutofyourcomfortzoneforaweek,discovernewpersonalqualities,andlearnnewskills.YouwillbeabletotakepartinanumberofactivitiesfromcanoeingtowildcampingonDartmoor.Learnrockclimbingandworkasateam,andenjoythegreatoutdoorenvironment.Mr.Clemens£140WWIBattlefieldsandParis（WBP）OnMondaywetraveltoLondon.AfterstayingovernightinLondon,wetravelonDay2tonorthernFrancetovisittheWorldWarIbattlefields.Onday3wecrossintoBelgium.ThursdayseesusmaketheshortjourneytoPariswherewewillvisitDisneylandParispark,stayinguntillatetoseetheparadeandthefireworks.Ourfinalday,Friday,seesusvisitcentralParisandtourthemainsights.Mrs.Wilson£425Craftyfoxes（CRF）Fourdaysofproductdesigncentredaroundtextiles.Makinglovelyobjectsusingrecycledandmadematerials.Bags,cushionanddecorations…Learnskillsandleavewithmodernandunusualtextiles.Mrs.Goode£30PottyaboutPotter（POT）VisitWarnerBrosStudio,shopstoptobuypicnic,stayovernightinanapprovedYouthHostelinStreatly-on-Thames,guidedtourofOxfordtoseethefilmlocations,picniclunchoutsideOxford'sChristchurch,boatingontheRiverCherwellthroughtheUniversityParks,beforeheadingbacktoExeter.MissDrake£150Whichactivitywillyouchooseifyouwanttogocamping?A.OUT. B.WBP. C.CRF.D.POT.WhatwillthestudentsdoonTuesdaywithMrs.Wilson?A.TraveltoLondon B.seeaparadeandfireworks.C.TourcentralParis. D.VisittheWWIbattlefields.HowlongdoesPottyaboutPotterlast?A.Twodays. B.Fourdays C.FivedaysD.Oneweek.BManyofusloveJulybecauseit,sthemonthwhennature,sberriesandstonefruitsareinabundance.ThesecolorfulandsweetjewelsfromBritishColumbia,sfieldsarelittlepowerhousesofnutritionalprotection.Ofthecommonberries,strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC,although,becauseoftheirseeds,raspberriescontainalittlemoreprotein（蛋白质）,ironandzinc（notthatfruitshavemuchprotein）.Blueberriesareparticularlyhighinantioxidants（ 抗氧化物质）.TheyellowandorangestonefruitssuchaspeachesarehighinthecarotenoidsweturnintoVitaminAandwhichareantioxidants.Asforcherries（樱桃）,theyaresodeliciouswhocare?However,theyarerichinVitaminC.Whencombinedwithberriesorslicesofotherfruits,frozenbananasmakeanexcellentbaseforthick,coolingfruitsshakesandlowfat“icecream”.Forthispurpose,selectripebananasforfreezingastheyaremuchsweeter.Removetheskinandplacetheminplasticbagsorcontainersandfreeze.Ifyoulike,asqueezeoffreshlemonjuiceonthebananaswillpreventthemturningbrown.Frozenbananaswilllastseveralweeks,dependingontheirripenessandthetemperatureofthefreezer.Ifyouhaveajuicer,youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa“Soft-serve”creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafunactivityforachildren,sparty;theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow.Whatdoestheauthorseemtolikeaboutcherries?A.Theycontainprotein. B.TheyarehighinvitaminA.C.Theyhaveapleasanttaste. D.Theyarerichinantioxidants.Whyisfreshlemonjuiceusedinfreezingbananas?A.Tomakethemsmellbetter. B.Tokeeptheircolour.C.Tospeeduptheirripening. D.Toimprovetheirnutrition.Whatis“ajuicer”inthelastparagraph?

A.Adessert.B.Adrink.C.Acontainer.D.Amachine.A.Adessert.B.Adrink.C.Acontainer.D.Amachine.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A.Abiologytextbook. B.Ahealthmagazine.C.Aresearchpaper. C.Atravelbrochure.CTeensandyoungerchildrenarereadingalotlessforfun,accordingtoaCommonSenseMediareportpublishedMonday.Whilethedeclineoverthepastdecadeissteepforteenreaders,somedatainthereportshowsthatreadingremainsabigpartofmanychildren,slives,andindicateshowparentsmighthelpencouragemorereading.Accordingtothereport,skeyfindings,“theproportion（比例）whosaythey‘hardlyever,readforfunhasgonefrom8percentof13-year-oldsand9percentof17-year-oldsin1984to22percentand27percentrespectivelytoday.”Thereportdatashowsthatpleasurereadinglevelsforyoungerchildren,ages2-8,remainlargelythesame.Buttheamountoftimespentinreadingeachsessionhaddeclined,fromclosertoanhourormoretoclosertoahalfhourpersession.Whenitcomestotechnologyandreading,thereportdoeslittletocounsel （建议）parentslookingfordataabouttheeffectofe-readersandtabletsonreading.Itdoespointoutthatmanyparentsstilllimitelectronicreadingmainlyduetoconcernsaboutincreasedscreentime.Themosthopefuldatasharedinthereportshowsclearevidenceofparentsservingasexamplesandimportantguidesfortheirkidswhenitcomestoreading.Datashowsthatkidsandteenswhodoreadfrequently,comparedtoinfrequentreaders,havemorebooksinthehome,morebookspurchasedforthem,parentswhoreadmoreoften,andparentswhosetasidetimeforthemtoread.Attheendofschoolapproaches,andschoolvacationreadinglistsloom（逼近）ahead,parentsmighttakethechancetostepinandmaketheirownsummerreadinglistandplanafamilytriptothelibraryorbookstore.WhatistheCommonSenseMediareportprobablyabout?A.Children,sreadinghabits.B.Qualityofchildren,sbooks.C.Children'safter-classactivities.D.Parent-childrelationships.Wherecanyoufindthedatathatbestsupports“childrenarereadingalotlessforfun”?A.Inparagraph2B.Inparagraph3 C.Inparagraph4 D.Inparagraph5Whydomanyparentslimitelectronicreading?A.E-booksareofpoorquality.B.Itcouldbeawasteoftime.C.Itmayharmchildren,shealth.D.E-readersareexpensive.Howshouldparentsencouragetheirchildrentoreadmore?A.Actasrolemodelsforthem.B.Askthemtowritebookreports.C.Setupreadinggroupsforthem.D.Talkwiththeirreadingclassteachers.DWe,vebeenthere:inalift,inlineatthebankoronanairplane,surroundedbypeoplewhoare,likeus,deeplyfocusedontheirsmartphonesor,worse,strugglingwiththeuncomfortablesilence.What,stheproblem?Itispossiblethatweallhavecompromisedconversationalintelligence.It,smorelikelythatnoneofusstartaconversationbecauseit,sawkwardandchallenging,orwethinkit,sannoyingandunnecessary.Butthenexttimeyoufindyourselfamongstrangers,considerthatsmalltalkisworththetrouble.Expertssayit'saninvaluablesocialpracticethatresultsinbigbenefits.Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy,butwecan,tforgetthatdeeprelationshipswouldn,tevenexistifitweren,tforcasualconversation.Smalltalkisthegrease（润滑齐U）forsocialcommunication,saysBernardoCarducci,directoroftheShynessResearchInstituteatIndianUniversitySoutheast.“Almosteverygreatlovestoryandeachbigbusinessdealbeginswithsmalltalk,”heexplains.“Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustcommunicatewiththem.”Ina2014study,ElizabethDunn,associateprofessorofpsychologyatUBC,invitedpeopleontheirwayintoacoffeeshop.Onegroupwasaskedtoseekoutaninteraction（互动）withitswaiter;theother,tospeakonlywhennecessary.Theresultsshowedthatthosewhochattedwiththeirserverreportedsignificantlyhigherpositivefeelingsandabettercoffeeshopexperience.“It,snotthattalkingtothewaiterisbetterthantalkingtoyourhusband,”sayDunn.“Butinteractionswithperipheral（边缘的）membersofoursocialnetworkmatterforourwell-beingalso.”Dunnbelievesthatpeoplewhoresearchouttostrangersfeelasignificantlygreatersenseofbelonging,abondwithothers.Carduccibelievesdevelopingsuchasenseofbelongingstartswithsmalltalk.“Smalltalkisthebasisofgoodmanners,”hesays.Whatphenomenonisdescribedinthefirstparagraph?A.Addictiontosmartphones.Inappropriatebehavioursinpublicplaces.Absenceofcommunicationbetweenstrangers.Impatiencewithslowservice.WhatisimportantforsuccessfulsmalltalkaccordingtoCarducci?A.Showinggoodmanners.B.Relatingtootherpeople.C.Focusingonatopic.D.Makingbusinessdeals.Whatdoesthecoffee-shopstudysuggestaboutsmalltalk?A.Itimprovesfamilyrelationships.B.Itraisespeople,sconfidence.C.Itmattersasmuchasaformaltalk.D.Itmakespeoplefeelgood.35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ConversationCountsWaysofMakingSmallTalkBenefitsofSmallTalkUncomfortableSilence第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Ifyouarealreadymakingthetimetoexercise,itisgoodindeed!Withsuchbusylives,itcanbehardtotryandfindthetimetoworkout.36Workingoutinthemorningprovidesadditionalbenefitsbeyondbeingphysicallyfit.,Yourproductivityisimproved.Exercisingmakesyoumoreawakeandreadytohandlewhateverisaheadofyoufortheday.37,Yourmetabolism （新陈代谢）getsaheadstart.38Ifyouworkoutinthemornings,thenyouwillbegettingthecalorie（卡路里）burningbenefitsforthewholeday,notinyoursleep.-39Studiesfoundthatpeoplewhowokeupearlyforexercisesleptbetterthanthosewhoexercisedintheevening.Exerciseenergizesyou,soitismoredifficulttorelaxandhaveapeacefulsleepwhenyouareveryexcited.■40Ifyouworkoutbrightandearlyinthemorning,youwillbemorelikelytosticktohealthyfoodchoicesthroughouttheday.Whowouldwanttoruintheirgoodworkoutbyeat ingjunkfood?Youwillwanttocontinuetofocusonpositivechoices.Therearealotofbenefitstoworkingout,especiallyinthemornings.Setyouralarmclockanhourearlyandpushyourselftoworkout!Youwillfeelenergizedalldaylong.Youwillsticktoyourdiet.Yourqualityofsleepimproves.Youpreferhealthyfoodtofastfood.Thereisnoreasonyoushouldexerciseinthemorning.Youcankeepyouheadclearfor4-10hoursafterexercise.Afteryouexercise,youcontinuetoburncaloriesthroughouttheday.Ifyouareplanningtodoexerciseregularly,oryou,redoingitnow,thenlistenup.第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分 45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Twoweeksearlier,myson,Ben,hadgotintouch.He,dmovedtoEnglandwithhismumwhenhewasthreeandithadbeen13yearssinceI,d41seenhim.Soimaginemy42whenheemailedmesayinghewantedtocometovisitme.Iwas43 !IarrivedearlyatByronBaywhereweweresupposedto44.Thebaywas45insunshine,andtherewasagroupofkayakersaround150mofftheshore.Gettingalittle46,Irealizedonekayak（皮筏艇）wasin_47_.“Something,snot_48—!”ItookoffmyT-shirtand49intothewater.Isawthereweretwoinstructorsonboardandamanlyingacrossthemiddle.Hewas50violently.Linkingarmswithoneoftheinstructors,Ihelped51theyoungmanoutofwater.HewasunconsciousandasIlookedathisface,something52tome.Those

browneyeswerevery53“What’shisname?”Iaskedtheinstructor.“Ben,”hereplied,andimmediatelyI54 Thatstrangerwasmyson.Theinstructorscalledforanambulance.55 ,afterabriefstayinhospital,Benwaswellenoughtobeallowedto_56_andlaterthefamilymetupfordinner.WechattedabouteverythingandthenBen_57 tome.“Ijustwanttosaythankyou,”hesaid.“You_58_mylife!”Istillcan,tbelievewhata59itwas.I’mjustsogladIwasthere60tohelpmyson.A.alsoA.delightA.scaredA.talkA.bathedA.fasterA.troubleA.realA.staredA.arguingA.leadA.happenedA.sharpA.agreedA.FortunatelyA.returnA.jokedA.createdA.coincidenceA.onboardB.oftenB.reliefB.shockedB.stayB.cleanB.closerB.advanceB.rightB.sankB.fightingB.persuadeB.occurredB.pleasantB.hesitatedB.FranklyB.relaxB.returnedB.honoredB.changeB.intimeC.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.evenangerthrilledmeetdeepheavierquestionfairdivedshoutingcarryappliedattractivedoubtedSadlyspeaklistenedsavedpityforsureD.lastD.worryD.ashamedD.settleD.formedD.wiserD.battleD.fitD.fellD.shakingD.keepD.appealedD.familiarD.knewD.SuddenlyD.leaveD.pointedD.guidedD.painD.onpurpose第一节(共10小题；母小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。DietshavechangedinChina-andsotoohasitstopcrop.Since2011,thecountry61 (grow)morecornthanrice.Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentover62past25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.Atasteformeatis63 (actual)behindthechange:Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchickens,pigs,andcattle.Anotherreasonforcorn,srise:Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice64(improve)waterquality.Cornuseslesswater65riceandcreateslessfertilizer(化月巴)runoff.Thisswitchhasdecreased66(pollute)inthecountry,smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal67 (globe)fertilizerconsumption.TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005-whenthegovernment_68—(start)asoil-testingprogram_69—givesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers-and2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.Thatpreventedtheemission(排放)。£51.8milliontonsofcarbondioxide.China,sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile70（feed）itscitizens“offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide,”saysthebank,sJuergenVoegele.第四部分写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）请改正下面短文中的错误。文中共有 10处语言错误，每句中最多有三处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（△）,并在其下面写出该加的词；删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉；修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。WhenIwaslittle,Friday,snightwasourfamilygamenight.Aftersupper,wewouldplaycardgamesofallsortinthesittingroom.Asthekid,Ilovedtowa