2023年专四真题及答案

2023年专四真题CLOZETheVictorianshadbecomeaddictedtospeedandtheywantedtogoeverfaster.Timewasmoneyandefficiencybecame(31)____important.Althoughdivisionsoflabourhadbeen(32)____byAdamSmithandillustratedbyapinfactoryinTheWealthofNationsin1776,(33)____couldnowbecomefullyrealised.Thisspecializationoflabourwasin(34)____contrasttotheruralmeansofproduction,in(35)____thefamilywasthemeansofproduction,consumptionandsocialization.(36)____greaterspeedcameagreaterneedforindustriesandbusinessestomakemoreandmakeitquicker.Steammadethis(37)____andchangedworkinglifeforever(38)____werethedayswhenworkwas(39)____bynaturalforces:steamengineswereservant(40)____neitherseasonnorsunshine.Factorieshadforemenandlifebecamecorrespondinglymore(41)____.Theclocking-onmachinewas(42)____in1885andtimeandmotionstudiestoincreaseefficiencywouldbeintroducedonly(43)____twentyyearslater.(44)____itwasnotallbadnews.Agriculturalincomesdependedonvariableharvestsandweather.Factoriesprovided(45)____andpredictableincome,butlonghours.Workinglifewasbecomingincreasinglyregulated,andtheworking(46)____wasreorganisedtopromoteever-greaterefficiency.Theold(47)____St.Monday-whennoworkwasdone-was(48)____,workstoppedaroundmiddayonSaturdayanddidnotresume(49)____Mondaymorning.Anewdivisionbetween“work”and“leisure”emerged,andthisnewblockofweekendleisuretimecoincidedwiththedevelopmentofspectatorsportslikecricketandfootball,andthe(50)____ofmusichallentertainmentforthenewworkingclasses.31.A.increasinglyB.surprisinglyC.slowlyD.obviously32.A.contributedB.informedC.spreadD.conceived33.A.heB.itC.theseD.those34.A.clearB.markedC.apparentD.firm35.A.thatB.whatC.whereD.which36.A.UponB.OverC.WithD.For37.A.possibleB.practicalC.worthwhileD.useful38.A.PassedB.LostC.GoneD.Missed39.A.definedB.controlledC.limitedD.dictated40.A.overB.onC.byD.to41.A.standardB.controlledC.difficultD.dreadful42.A.designedB.createdC.inventedD.bought43.A.someB.certainC.theseD.those44.A.ForB.ButC.ConsequentlyD.Accordingly45.A.safeB.goodC.continuousD.secure46.A.weekB.periodC.patternD.practice47.A.cultureB.behaviorC.customD.habit48.A.repairB.compensateC.mendD.moderate49.A.beforeB.untilC.onD.after50.A.raiseB.increaseC.trendD.presentPARTIVGRAMMARVOCABULARY[15MIN]51.Itisessentialthathe________allthefactsfirst.A.isexaminingB.willexamineC.examinesD.examine52.Whichofthefollowingsentencesexpressesafutureaction?A.Lucyiscontinuallyfindingfaultwithhersister.B.Wearemeetingthevisitorsaftertheperformance.C.ThecoachisnowcrossingtheGardenBridge.D.I’mhopingthatyou’llgiveussomeadvice.53.Whichofthefollowingitalicizedpartsisusedasanobjectcomplement?A.ThefrontdoorremainedlockedB.TheboylookeddisappointedC.NancyappearedworriedD.Heseemedtohavenomoneyleft54.WhichofthefollowingsentencesisINCORRECT?A.Physicsisanimportantschoolsubject.B.TheNiagaraFallsisinNorthAmerica.C.TheUnitedStatesbordersCanada.D.Mumpsisakindofinfectiousdisease.55.WhichofthefollowingsentencesindicatesPOSSIBILITY?A.Themooncannotalwaysbeatthefull.B.Youcannotsmokeinsidethebuilding.C.Hecannotcometoday.D.Shecannotplaythepiano.56.Theboysinthefamilyareoldenoughfor________.A.schoolsB.schoolC.theschoolD.theschools57.Whichofthefollowingitalicizedpartsindicatesapredicate-objectrelationship?A.HewasreadingMary’sletterintheroom.B.Youcanbuymen’sshoesinthisshop.C.Mrs.Black’spassportwaslost.D.Theenemy’sdefeatbroughtthewartoanend.58.Pleasepardon________you.A.mydisturbingB.disturbingmeC.todisturbD.thatIdisturb59.WhichofthefollowingtagquestionsisINCORRECT?A.Carrythisparcelforme,willyou?B.Nobodywantstogothere,doeshe?C.Fewpeopleknowhim,don’tthey?D.Everythingisready,isn’tit?60.Whichofthefollowingreflexivepronouns（反身代词）isusedasanobject?A.Ispoketothepresidenthimself.B.Frankisnotquitehimselftoday.C.Lindaherselfwillplaytheviolin.D.Youmustpullyourselftogether.61.Theresearchteamcanhandle________needstobehandled.A.wheneverB.whicheverC.whereverD.whatever62.Whichofthefollowingitalicizedpartsmodifiesanadverb?A.Iratherlikemyteacher.B.Thatwasaveryfunnyfilm.C.Doitrightnow.D.Wewalkedabout6miles.63.Whenthesentence“Theyhadmadeamessofthehouse”isturnedintopassivevoice,whichofthefollowingisCORRECT?A.Amesshadbeenmadeinthehouse.B.Amesshadbeenmadebythem.C.Thehousehadbeenmadeamessof.D.Thehousehadbeenmadeamess.64.Fool________Michaelis,hecouldnothavedonesuchathing.A.asB.whoC.thatD.like65.Whenthesentence“ShallIdriveyoutotheairportfirst?”isturnedintoindirectspeech,whichofthefollowingismostappropriate?A.Heagreedtodrivemetotheairportfirst.B.Heofferedtodrivemetotheairportfirst.C.Headvisedmetogototheairportfirst.D.HesuggestedthatIdrivetotheairportfirst.66.Theinterviewerswereimpressedbythehighcalibreoftheapplicantsforthejob.Theunderlinedpartmeans________.A.criterionB.qualityC.qualificationD.level67.Hercareerhas________anumberofactivities—composing,playingandacting.A.heldB.producedC.embracedD.combined68.Theoperationcould________herlifebytwoorthreeyears.A.prolongB.increaseC.expandD.continue69.Allhercousinsandtheirchildrenhavefairhair.Theunderlinedpartmeans________.A.fineB.darkC.thickD.light70.Johnalwaysfeelssluggishfirstthinginthemorning.Theunderlinedpartmeans________.A.sickB.inactiveC.dizzyD.drowsy71.Thefamilyofthevictimhadtoendurealongwaitbeforethecasecanetotrial.Theunderlinedpartmeans________.A.tolerateB.keepC.faceD.hold72.Thechiefofsurgerybecamecommitteechairmanbyvirtueof________.A.seniorityB.serviceC.ageD.rank73.Heturnedhisbackonthemwhentheymostneededhim.Theunderlinedpartmeans________.A.criticizedB.ignoredC.betrayedD.deceived74.Ourschooldidnot________forChristmasuntilmid-December.A.breakoutB.breakdownC.breakupD.breakin75.Theflagsinthestadium________inthewind.A.flappedB.movedC.shookD.stirred76.Hismotherretiredearlyonaccountofpoorhealth.Theunderlinedpartmeans________.A.despiteB.withC.accordingtoD.becauseof77.Thewholecountrywasin________overtheresultoftheelections.A.suspensionB.suspenseC.suspendingD.suspender78.Thereisnoconceivablereasonwhythereshouldbeanydifficultyduringtheproject.TheunderlinedpartcanbereplacedbyallthefollowingEXCEPT________.A.thinkableB.imaginableC.possibleD.observable79.Theemployersprepared,withalldue________foraconferencewiththeTradeUnions.A.cautionB.concernC.certaintyD.consideration80.Ourexperimentwasconductedunderoptimalconditions.Theunderlinedpartmeans________.A.perfectB.properC.possibleD.proposedPARTREADINGCOMPREHENSIONTEXTAAfterbreakfasttheboyswanderedoutintotheplay-ground.Heretheday-boysweregraduallyassembling.Theyweresonsofthelocalclergy,oftheofficersattheDepot,andofsuchmanufacturersormenofbusinessastheoldtownpossessed.Presentlyabellrang,andtheyalltroopedintoschool.Thisconsistedofalarge,longroomatoppositeendsofwhichtwoundermastersconductedthesecondandthirdforms,andofasmallerone,leadingoutofit,usedbyMr.Watson,whotaughtthefirstform.Toattachthepreparatorytotheseniorschoolthesethreeclasseswereknownofficially,onspeechdaysandinreports,asupper,middle,andlowersecond.Philipwasputinthelast.Themaster,ared-facedmanwithapleasantvoice,wascalledRice;hehadajollymannerwithboys,andthetimepassedquickly.Philipwassurprisedwhenitwasquartertoelevenandtheywereletoutfortenminutes'rest.Thewholeschoolrushednoisilyintotheplay-ground.Thenewboysweretoldtogointothemiddle,whiletheothersstationedthemselvesalongoppositewalls.TheybegantoplayPigintheMiddle.Theoldboysranfromwalltowallwhilethenewboystriedtocatchthem:whenonewasseizedandthemysticwordssaid-one,two,three,andapigforme-hebecameaprisonerand,turningsides,helpedtocatchthosewhowerestillfree.Philipsawaboyrunningpastandtriedtocatchhim,buthislimpgavehimnochance;andtherunners,takingtheiropportunity,madestraightforthegroundhecovered.ThenoneofthemhadthebrilliantideaofimitatingPhilip’sclumsyrun.Otherboyssawitandbegantolaugh;thentheyallcopiedthefirst;andtheyranroundPhilip,limpinggrotesquely,screamingwithshrilllaughter.Theylosttheirheadswiththedelightoftheirnewamusement,andchokedwithhelplessmerriment.OneofthemtrippedPhilipupandhefell,heavilyashealwaysfell,andcuthisknee.Theylaughedallthelouderwhenhegotup.Aboypushedhimfrombehind,andhewouldhavefallenagainifanotherhadnotcaughthim.ThegamewasforgottenintheentertainmentofPhilip’sdeformity.Philipwascompletelyscared.Hecouldnotmakeoutwhytheywerelaughingathim.Hisheartbeatsothathecouldhardlybreathe,andhewasmorefrightenedthanhehadeverbeeninhislife.Hestoodstillstupidlywhiletheboysranroundhim,mimickingandlaughing;theyshoutedtohimtotryandcatchthem;buthedidnotmove.Hedidnotwantthemtoseehimrunanymore.Hewasusingallhisstrengthtopreventhimselffromcrying.81.Fromthebeginningofthepassagewelearnthat________.A.somepupilscamefromthelocalareaB.theschoolonlyacceptedday-boysC.theschoolhadonlythreeclassesD.Philip’sclasswaspartoftheseniorschool82.WhatwasPhilip’sreactiontohisclass?A.Hethoughtclasswastooshort.B.Hefoundhisclasssurprising.C.Heseemedtohaveenjoyedit.D.Hewantedtochangeclass.83.InthegamePhiliplosthisgroundbecause________.A.thegamewasn’tfitfornewboyslikehimB.theplaygroundwasn’tbigenoughforthegameC.hedidnotknowtherulesofthegameD.hecouldnotrunasquicklyasotherboys84.WhatdidtheboysdoafterPhiliplosthisground?A.Theycontinuedwiththegame.B.Theystoppedtomakefunofhim.C.Theychangedtoanothergame.D.Theystoppedandwentinside.85.HowdidPhilipfeelintheend?A.Hewasashamedofhimself.B.Hewasverynervous.C.Hewasreallyhorrified.D.Hefelthimselfstupid.TEXTBForparentswhosendtheirkidsofftocollegesaying,“Thesewillbethebestyearsofyourlife,”itwouldbeveryappropriatetoadd,“Ifyoucanhandlethestressofcollegelife.”Freshmenareshowingupalreadystressedout,accordingtothelatestresearchstudythatreportedstudents’emotionalhealthlevelsattheirlowestsincethesurveystartedin1985.Whileinschool,morestudentsareworkingpart-timeandnear-full-timejobs.Atgraduation,only29percentofseniorshavejobslinedup.Pressuretoexceloftencreatesstress,andmanystudentsarenotlearninghowtoeffectivelyhandlethisstress.LetmeshowfivefactsthatIbelieveeverycollegestudentshouldknowaboutstress.First,stresscanmakesmartpeopledostupidthings.Stresscauseswhatbrainresearcherscall“corticalinhibition.”Insimpleterms,stressinhibitsapartofthebrainresponsiblefordecision-makingandreactiontimeandcanadverselyaffectothermentalabilitiesaswell.Second,thehumanbodydoesn’tdiscriminatebetweenabigstressfuleventandalittleone.Anystressfulexperiencewillcreateabout1,400biochemicaleventsinyourbody.Ifanyamountofstressisleftunchecked,manythingscanoccurwithinthebody,includingprematureaging,impairedcognitivefunctionandenergydrain.Third,stresscanbecomeyournewpattern.Whenyouregularlyexperiencenegativefeelingsandhighamountsofstress,yourbrainrecognizesthisasyournormalstate.Thisthenbecomesthenewnorm,orbaselineforyouremotionalstate.Fourth,stresscanbecontrolled.Countlessstudiesdemonstratethatpeoplecanrestructuretheiremotionalstateusingemotion-refocusingtechniques.Thesetechniqueshelpyourecognizehowyouarefeelingandshifttoamorepositiveemotional,mentalandphysicalstate.Onetechniqueinvolvesslowingyourthoughtsandfocusingonyourheartbeat,breathingslowlyanddeeply,andfocusingonthepositivefeelingthatyoureceive.Finally,stresscanbelessenedbylovingwhatyoustudy.BarbaraFrederickson,aleadinginternationalauthorityontheimportanceofpositiveemotions,sayshumansaregeneticallyprogrammedtoseekpositiveemotionssuchasloveandjoy.It'ssuggestedtochooseamajororcareerpathyouloveandenjoy.Otherwise,youcouldendupfightingagainstyourownbiology86.Theauthorcitesthelatestresearchstudyinordertoshowthat________.A.studentsarestudyingharderincollegeB.moststudentshavepart-timejobnowC.stresscontinuestothetimeofgraduationD.studentsonlyfeelstressedwhileinschool87.Accordingtothepassage,stressmightcauseallthefollowingnegativeeffectsEXCEPT________.A.socialB.mentalC.emotionalD.physical88.Intheauthor’sopinion,stresscanbecontrolledby________.A.doingwhatyoupreferB.identifyingyourpresentemotionalstatefirstC.findingamorepositivefeelingfirstD.focusingonyouremotionalstate89.Accordingtothecontext,whatdoes“yourownbiology”meaninthelastparagraph?A.Yourcurrentmajor.B.Yourfuturejob.C.Yourfutureresearch.D.Yourpreference.90.Whichofthefollowingisthebestasthetitleofthepassage?A.CausesofStress.B.TypeofStress.CollegeC.LifeandStress.D.StressandControlMethods.TEXTCForanyonewhodoubtsthatthetextingrevolutionisuponus,considerthis:Theaverage13-to17-year-oldsendsandreceives3,339textsamonth—morethan100perday,accordingtotheNielsenCo.,themediaresearchfirm.Adultsarecatchingup.Peoplefromages45to54sentandreceived323textsamonthinthesecondquarterof2023,up75%fromayearago,Nielsensays.Behindthetextingexplosionisafundamentalshiftinhowweviewourmobiledevices.ThattheyarephonesisincreasinglybesidethepointPartofwhat'sdrivingthetextingsurgeamongadultsisthepopularityofsocialmedia.SiteslikeTwitter,withpostingsofnomorethan140characters,arecreatingandreinforcingthehabitofcommunicatinginmicro-bursts.Economicshasmuchtodowithtexting’spopularity.Textmessagescostcarrierslessthantraditionalmobilevoicetransmissions,andsotheycostusersless.SprintNextelhasreconceiveditsVirginMobilebrandtocatertoheavytextersinadifficulteconomy.For$25permonth,usersgetunlimitedtexting,email,socialnetworkingand300talkminutes;foranother$15,theygetanadditional900talkminutes.Thenameofthebrand'snewwirelessplan:“BeyondTalk.”Texting’sriseoverconversationischangingthewayweinteract,socialscientistsandresearcherssay.Wearenowinclinedtotexttorelaydifficultinformation.Westareatourphonewhenwewanttoavoideyecontact.Ratherthanmakeplansinadvance,weengageinwhatresearchhavenamed“micro-coordination”—”I’lltxtuin10minswhenIknowwh/restrnt.”Textingsavesustime,butitstealsfromquietreflection.“Whenpeoplehaveamobiledeviceandhaveevenalittleextratime,theywillcommunicatewithsomeoneintheirlife,”saysLeeRainie,directorofthePewInternetandAmericanLifeProject.Andthephoneconversationwillneverbecompletelyobsolete.Dealmakersandotherprofessionalsstillspendmuchofthedayonthephone.Researcherssaypeoplearemorelikelytousetext-basedcommunicationsatthepreliminarystagesofprojects.Thephonecomesintoplaywhentherearemultipleoptionstoconsiderorimportantdecisionstobemade.91.Atthebeginningofthepassage,theauthorusesfiguresforthepurposeof________.A.introductionB.comparisonC.explanationD.transition92.Accordingtothecontext,whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningto“besidethepoint”?A.Unimportant.B.Unacknowledged.C.Underestimated.D.Undeniable.93.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacausefortexting’spopularity?A.Promotionofcheaperwirelesspackages.B.Increaseinthenumberofadulttexters.C.Redesignofmobiledevices.D.Riseofsocialmedia.94.Accordingtothepassage,textingcanhelppeopleto________.A.facedifficultsituationsB.makeappointmentsinadvanceC.communicatewishstrangersD.avoidawkwardsituations95.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Texting’spopularityandeffect.B.Roleoftextinginbusiness.C.Preferencetotextingoverthinking.D.Innovationofmobiledevices.TEXTDThehealthyadolescentboyorgirllikestodotherealthingsinlife,todothethingsthatmatter.Hewouldratherbeaplumber’smateanddoarealjobthatrequiresdoingthanlearnabouthydrostaticssittingatadesk,withoutunderstandingwhatpracticalusetheyaregoingtobe.Agirlwouldratherlookafterthebabythanlearnaboutchildcare.Logicallyweshouldlearnaboutthingsbeforedoingthemandthatispresumablywhythepunditsenforcethisinoureducationalsystem.Butitisnotthenaturalway-nor,Iventuretothink,thebestway.Theadolescentwantstodothingsfirstforonlythendoesheappreciatetheproblemsinvolvedandwanttolearnmoreaboutthem..Theydothesethingsbetterinprimitivelife,forthereatpubertytheboyjoinshisfatherinmakingcanoes,patchinghuts,goingoutfishingorhunting.Heisservinghisapprenticeshipintheactualaccomplishmentsoflife.Itisnotsurprisingthatanthropologists(人类学家)findthattheadolescentsofprimitivecommunitiesdonotsufferfromthesameneurotic(神经质旳)“difficulties”asthoseofcivilizedlife.Thisisnot,assomeassume,becausetheyarepermittedmoresexualfreedom,butbecausetheyaregivenmorenaturaloutletsfortheirnativeinterestsandpowersandareallowedtogrowupfreelyintoafulllifeofresponsibilityinthecommunity.Inthe19thcenturythiswasrecognizedintheapprenticeshipsystem,whichallowedtheboytogooutwiththemastercarpenter,orploughman,toengageintheactualworkofcarpentryorroof-mending,andsotolearnhistrade.Insomeagriculturalcollegesatthepresenttimeyoungmenhavetodoayear’sworkonafarmbeforetheirtheoreticaltrainingatcollege.Thegreatadvantageofthissystemisthatitletstheapprenticeseethepracticalproblemsbeforehesetstoworklearninghowtosolvethem,andhecanthereforetakeamoreintelligentinterestinhistheoreticalwork.Sincemoreknowledgeofmorethingsisnowrequiredinordertocopewiththeadultworld,theperiodofgrowing-uptoindependencetakesmuchlongerthanitdidinamoreprimitivecommunity,andtheresponsibilityforsucheducation,whichformerlywasinthehandsoftheparents,isnownecessarilyundertakenbyexpertsatschool.Butthatshouldnotmakeuslosesightofthebasicprinciple,namelytheneedandthedesireoftheadolescenttoengageresponsiblyintherealpursuitsoflifeandthentolearnhow—tolearnthroughresponsibility,nottolearnbeforeresponsibility.96.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisthenaturalwayofeducation?A.Doingthingswhilelearning.B.Doingthingsasanapprentice.C.Doingthingsbeforelearning.D.Learningpracticalknowledgefirst.97.Themainadvantageofthenaturalwayofeducation,whetherinprimitiveormoderntimes,isthatlearners________.A.canlearnthetradethroughsolvingproblemsatworkB.canworkwiththeirmastersthroughouttheirlearningC.aregivenmorefreedomindoingthingsandlearningD.aregivenopportunitiestodeveloptheirinterestfirst98.Accordingtothecontext,“this”inthethirdparagraphrefersto________.A.thewayoflearninginprimitivecommunitiesB.thedifficultiesmodernadolescentsexperienceC.theamountoffreedominlearninginprimitivelifeD.thekindofskillsboyslear