新编研究生英语综合教程(上册)完形填空close教学内容

Thetwomostimportantethicalconceptsinthepeerreviewprocessareconfidentialityandprotectionofintellectualproperty.Reviewersshouldnotknowtheauthor(orauthors)theyare1,andtheauthor(orauthors)shouldnotbetoldthenamesofthereviewers.Onlyby2strictconfidentialityguidelinescanthepeerreviewprocessbetrulyopenandbeneficial.3,nopersoninvolvedinthepeerreviewprocess–4theeditor,reviewers,orotherjournalstaff–canpublicly5theinformationinthearticleorusetheinformationinasubmittedarticleforpersonalgain.unit1A.examining B.reviewingC.censoring D.inspectingA.maintainingB.remainingC.reserving D.preserving3.A.Likewise B.ThereforeC.However D.Nevertheless4.A.neither B.nor C.bothD.either5.A.uncover B.revealC.disclose D.expose

第一页，共27页。Peerreviewers,inadditiontomaintaining6,canbeneitherconflictednorpoliticalintheirreview.Conflictsmaytakethe7offinancialconflictswiththeresults,conflictsiftheresearchistoosimilartotheirownresearch8,andconflictsduetopersonalrelationshipswiththeauthor(orauthors).Politicalmotivationsthatmight9withthepeerreviewprocessincludecompetitiontopublish10otherscientistsandinaccuratereviewsdesignedto“punish”acompetingcolleagueorjournal.

IIICloze6.A.confidentialitB.intimacy C.familiarity D.intelligibility7.A.shape B.silhouette C.formD.metamorphosis8.A.intents B.purposes C.endeavors D.desires9.A.interfere B.intervene C.disturb D.interrupt10.A.forB.byC.withD.in

第二页，共27页。Editorsmayfinditdifficulttoguaranteeaconflict-freepeerreview11,becausereviewersmustbeexpertswithknowledgeuniquetothefield12whichthearticlepertains.Therefore,manyreviewersmayfindthemselvesfacedwithan13concerningresearchthatisverysimilartotheirown.Peerreviewersshoulddiscloseallconflictsofinterestthatmayundulyinfluencetheirreviewtothejournaleditorand14themselveswhenappropriate.IIIClozeA.process B.course C.experienceD.result12.A.withB.ofC.toD.on13.A.analysis B.articleC.anecdote D.anthology14.A.recommendB.applaud C.disqualifyD.discredit

第三页，共27页。

IIIClozeEditorsofjournalsshouldmaintainanopenandethicalpeerreviewprocess,andallsubmittingauthorsandreadersshouldbefully15ofajournal’sprocessofpeerreview.Editorsdoretainflexibilityinassigningthenumberofpeerreviewersandwhattodowiththepeerreviewinformationoncecompleted.A.aware B.critical C.fond D.proud

第四页，共27页。Onemethodisforaneditorto16twoorthreereviewersandthenaskanauthor(orauthors)tochangethearticletosatisfyallthereviews.Ontheotherhand,aneditormay17allthereviewsandconsolidatetheadvicetohelpguidetheauthor(orauthors)whenmakingchanges,clarifications,andcorrections.Editorsmustnotrelinquishtoomanyoftheirownresponsibilitiestopeerreviewers.IIICloze16.A.touch B.approach C.contact D.connect17.A.reject B.take C.refuse D.receive

第五页，共27页。

IIIClozeThepeerreviewprocessrepresentsone18inthepublishingprocessandeditorsneedtotakefullresponsibilityfortheirdecisionto19anarticleintheirjournal.Thismeansthateditorsmustreviewthecontentandcharacterofasubmittedarticle,usingallthecriterialistedforreviewersabove,andshouldrelyonthereviewersprimarilytocatcherrorsthatlie20theeditor’sareaofexpertiseandtechnicalunderstanding.18.A.stepB.moveC.partD.act19.A.exclude B.involve C.include D.remove20.A.inside B.within C.outside D.beside

第六页，共27页。ExerciseIV.ClozeAmericansbelievethatcompetitionbringsoutthebestinanyindividual.They1thatitchallengesorforceseachpersontoproducetheverybest2ishumanlypossible.3,theforeignvisitorwillseecompetition4fosteredintheAmericanhomeandintheAmericanclassroom,even5theyoungestagelevel.

unit3A.asset B.assumeC.assemble D.assessA.whichB.thatC.where D.what3.A.Controversially B.ContinuallyC.Consequently D.Conspicuously4.A.beingB.is C.beD.tobe5.A.B.toC.in D.on

√√√√√第七页，共27页。

Veryyoungchildren,forinstance,areencouragedtoanswerquestions6whichtheirclassmatesdonotknowtheanswer.Youmayfindthecompetitivevalue7,especiallyifyoucomefromasocietythat8cooperation9competition.ButmanyU.S.PeaceCorpsvolunteersteachinginThirdWorldcountriesfoundthelackofcompetitivenessinaclassroomsituationequally10.

IIICloze6.A.forB.ofC.toD.at7.A.accessible B.distrustfulC.acceptable D.disagreeable8.A.promotesB.enhances C.increasesD.raisesA.otherthanB.ratherthanC.betterthanD.morethan10.A.distressedB.distortingC.distressingD.distorted

√√√√√第八页，共27页。Theysoonlearnedthat11theythoughttobeoneofthe12humancharacteristics13onlyapeculiarlyAmerican(orWestern)value.Americans,14competition,havedevisedaneconomicsystemto15it—freeenterprise.

IIICloze11.A.whatB./C.whichD.all12.A.unblemished

B.ultimateC.universal

D.unique13.A.reprovedB.repressed C.reproachedD.represented14.A.valueB.valuingC.valuesD.valued15.A.gowithB.goforC.goagainstD.goalong

√√√√√第九页，共27页。Americansfeelstronglythata16competitiveeconomywill17thebestinitspeopleand,ultimately,thatthesocietythatfosterscompetitionwillprogress18rapidly.Ifyoulookforit,youwillsee19inallareas—eveninfieldsas20asmedicine,thearts,education,andsports—thatfreeenterpriseistheapproachmostoftenpreferredinAmerica.

IIICloze16.A.mostlyB.greatlyC.largelyD.highly17.A.bringup

B.bringoffC.capacity

D.bringthrough18.A.themostB.most C.themoreD.amost19.A.evidenceB.witnessC.testimonialD.verification20.A.diverseB.reverseC.converseD.averse

√√√√√第十页，共27页。Asanorganizerandactivist,Ithinkalotaboutthestrategiesthatwillbuildmomentumforourmovement,andeventuallypushusoverthetippingpointofculturalandpoliticalchange.Typically,weuse_(1)_strategieslikethebase-buildingthatInvisibleChildrendid,togeneratelineargrowth:

_(2)__eachinterncouldbringtwomorepeopleonboard,thatwouldbuildasmallarmy

ofactivistsreadyto_(3)__.Butthiskindofgrowthcanneverprovidetheliftorpoliticalpowerthat,_(4)_example,InvisibleChildrenneeded,toputJosephKonyonthetopoftheagendainWashingtonDC.Thattooka

timelyfilm,calibratedtoagrowingbase,andalotof

(5)__.Let’scallit40%planningand60%chance.unit4A.organizing

B.organizedC.toorganize

D.beingorganizedA.thatB.whichC.if

D.how3.A.tomobilize

B.formobilizingC.tobemobilized

D.withmobilizing4.A.as

B.for

C.withD.without5.A.choices

B.opportunities

C.possibilites

D.chance第十一页，共27页。Inthecaseof

theCaine’sArcadefilmmaker,

(6)__proportionofplanningtochancewasevenless:maybe5%planningand95%chance.Hewaspreparedto_(7)_anyopportunitythatcamehisway_(8)__hehadthefilmmakingskills,thestorytellinglensandenoughhumilitytowaitforagoodstorytoland.Butthere_(9)__havebeennowaytopredictwhohewouldmeetwhen_(10)__acarrepairshoporhowviralthepiecewouldbecome.

IIICloze6.A.a

B.the

C.thisD.that

7.A.takeadvantageof

B.makeadvantageof

C.useadvantageofD.putadvantageof8.A.thatB.inwhich

C.whereD.because9.A.can

B.must

C.may

D.could10.A.islookingfor

B.lookingfor

C.arelookingfor

D.amlookingfor

第十二页，共27页。Sowhatistheroleofthe

(11)__,themoment,thestorythatisimpossibletoforeshadow?LikeInvisibleChildren,webuildinfrastructuresandbureaucraciesto

(12)__theunknown;werunregressionanalysesonrisk_(13)__measuretrackingerrorsonthestockmarket;weplanpoliticalcampaignsaroundweatherevents;welooktoreligionfor_(14)__.It’sstrikingthatwithboththeInvisibleChildrenfoundersandthefilmmakerImetattheparty,preparationwaskey,butwhenthecriticalmomentcame,theplans

(15)__thewindow.Howwelldoweunderstandthelimitstoplanningandstrategizing?

IIIClozeA.known

B.knowing

C.unknownD.knowledge12.A.dealin

B.dealwith

C.dealat

D.dealfor13.A.and

B.but

C.to

D.at14.A.explanation

B.response

C.encouragementD.motivation15.A.cameoutB.tookoutC.putoutD.wentout第十三页，共27页。

IIIClozeThere’sclearlyanopportunitycostofdoingnothing—sittingaroundwaitingforastorytofallonyour_(16)__doesn’tseemlikeaneffectivewayofmakingchangeintheworld,oraparticularlygooduseofmoneyandtime.Attheotherendofthespectrum,

(17)__weinvestmillionstobuildabaseandpersuadeotherstojoinoureffort,sendouthundredsofemailsandgeneratecampaignaftercampaign,bootstrappingourway_(18)___realpoliticalmomentum,we16.A.knee

B.nose

C.head

D.lap17.A.whereB.whenC.whichD.how18.A.intoB.forC.towardsD.through第十四页，共27页。oftenforgettherolethatchanceplays.But

(19)___thebest-plannedcampaignsandorganizingeffortscan’tprovidethenecessaryliftfastenoughwithoutquicklytakingadvantageofnewstoriesthatfallonourlaps.Weneedtobuildnewkindsofsocial

(20)___andtellnewkindsofstoriesthatdon’tresisttheunknown,butembraceitaspartofourwork.Ormaybewejustneedtogetinthecarandgolookforanewdoorhandle.IIICloze19.A.for

B.toC.even

D.with20.A.issues

B.infrastructure

C.problem

D.develop第十五页，共27页。III.ClozeWhenwedecidedtodoanarticleabouthospicecarefortheJulyissue,welearnedsomuch—mostnotablyhowempoweringitcanbeforpatientsnavigatingtheirfinaldays.”Ihadseveralfriendswhohadusedhospicewhenalovedonewas1,”saysJulieBain,

LHJ’shealthdirector.“Theyalltoldmeitwasoneofthebestdecisionsthey’devermadeandprovidedsomuchcomfortandpeaceatan2difficulttime.”That’s3wedecidedtocreateaphotoessayshowingwhatit’sliketobeahospicenurse,caringforpatientswhowanttodieascomfortablyaspossibleintheirownhomes.(That’snurseJillCampbell,above,ofGilchristHospiceCareinBaltimore,whichrecentlywonanawardfromtheAmericanHospitalAssociation4itsinnovativecare.)COSTSARECOVEREDWhenhospicecarestartedtobecome5intheUnitedStatesinthe1970s,itwasmostlyforend-stagecancerpatients.

UNIT6IIIClozeA.deadB.dyingC.dieD.diedA.credibleB.crediblyC.incredibleD.incredibly3.A.why B.whenC.where D.how4.A.in B.to C.forD.on5.A.believableB.describableC.touchable D.available√√√√√第十六页，共27页。Whilecancerdiagnosesstillaccount6athirdofhospiceadmissions,peoplewithotherterminaldiseasessuchasheartdiseaseanddementianowmakeupthe7,accordingtothe

NationalHospiceandPalliativeCareOrganization.Weweresurprisedtolearnthateveryone’s8toend-of-lifecare,whetheryouhavetheabilitytopayornot.Thecostsareusuallycoveredby9plans,MedicareorMedicaid.BUTMANYPATIENTSWAITUNTILIT’STOOLATETheuseofhospiceservicesisonthe10,butsomepeoplestillthinkofitasgivingup.Asaresult,morethanathirdofhospicepatientsdon’tstartpalliativecareuntiltheyhavejustdayslefttolive.“Peoplearesoafraidtomakethedecision.6.A.forB.to C.with D.as7.A.minority B.majorityC.majorD.minor8.A.attached B.restrained C.entitled D.confined9.A.assurance B.endurance C.ensurance D.insurance10.A.raiseB.riseC.roseD.rate√√√√√第十七页，共27页。Butwhenyoudecidetogetallthehospicesupportsearlieron,likeLindaSchuberth(oneofthepatientsinourstory)did,youcanmakethatlimitedtimesomuchbetter,”saysDianaK.Sugg,thePulitzerPrize-winningwriterwetappedtofollowCampbellforourstory.SuggworkedcloselywithPulitzer-winningphotographerMonicaLopossaytocapturethe11andpoignantimages.ITHELPSTHEFAMILYTOPREPAREANDACCEPTThiswasaspecialstorytoourstaffers12havepersonalexperiencewithhospicecare.AssistanteditorAmeliaHarnishwasonly15yearsoldwhenherdadwas13withhepatitisC.Fouryears14,herfamilychosehospicewhenothertreatmentsfailed.“Thescariestpartwasthenightthathedied,”she15.

IIIClozeA.heartwarm B.warmheartC.heartwarmingD.warmhearting12.A.whoB.whomC.whichD.as13.A.diagnose B.diagnosingC.diagnosedD.todiagnose14.A.afterB.earlier C.beforeD.later15.A.recallsB.forgetsC.regretsD.reminds√√√√√第十八页，共27页。

IIICloze“You’reneverpreparedforsomethinglikethat,andatthetime,Iwasbarely20yearsold.Thehospicenursewastheretoexplaintouswhatwashappening,andto16hewasn’tinpain.Withoutthatsenseofcomfort,Idon’tknowhowmyfamilycouldhavehandledit.”

ITKEEPSPATIENTSCOMFORTABLEANDPAIN-FREEForsenioreditoranddigitaldirectorAmandaWolfe,thedecisiontoplacehermotherinhospicecareattheendofherbattlewithovariancancerwasdifficult,but17it.“Ireallybelievethathospiceisagifttoboththedyingpersonandtheirfamily:Mymotherpassedawayinherhome,18byherdaughters,andintheleastamountofpain.Hospicemadeitpossibleforhertodieinpeace,”Wolfesays.Ourstoryhastoucheda19,andmanypeoplehaveshareditonFacebookandwrittenthoughtsabouttheirownexperienceswithhospice.Wehopeyou’llreadourstory“ItDoesn’tHaveToBeSad,”

thinkaboutitanddiscussyourownwisheswithyourlovedones.Andpleaseleavea20ifyouhaveanythoughtsyou’dliketosharewithothers.

16.A.makeup B.makesure C.makeright D.maketime17.A.worthy B.worthlessC.worth D.unworthy18.A.surroundB.surroundsC.surroundingD.surrounded19.A.tear B.nerve C.tone D.string20.A.comment B.contact C.message D.tip√√√√√第十九页，共27页。Ifsustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonwork-forceskills,Americanfirmshaveaproblem.Human-resourcemanagementisnottraditionallyseenas1tothecompetitivesurvivalofthefirmintheUnitedStates.Skillacquisitionisconsideredanindividualresponsibility.Labourissimplyanotherfactorofproductiontobehired—rentedatthelowestpossiblecost—muchasonebuys2materialsorequipment.Thelackofimportance3tohuman-resourcemanagementcanbeseeninthecorporation4.InanAmericanfirmthechieffinancialofficerisalmostalwayssecondincommand.Thepostofheadofhuman-resourcemanagementisusuallyaspecializedjob,offatthe5ofthecorporatehierarchy.unit7A.central B.centerC.concentrated D.centimeterA.newB.rawC.saw D.caw3.A.reached B.linkedC.attached D.latch4.A.hierarchyB.title C.managementD.leadership5.A.lineB.ropeC.end D.edge

√√√√√第二十页，共27页。TheexecutivewhoholdsitisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO).Bywayof6,inJapantheheadofhuman-resourcemanagementiscentral—usuallythesecondmostimportant7,aftertheCEO,inthefirm’shierarchy.WhileAmericanfirmsoftentalkaboutthevastamounts8ontrainingtheirworkforces,infactthey9lessintheskillsoftheiremployeesthandoeitherJapaneseorGermanfirms.Themoneytheydoinvestisalsomorehighly10onprofessionalandmanagerialemployees.

IIICloze6.A.comparisonB.observationC.contrastD.competition7.A.execution B.exerciseC.elimination D.executive8.A.spentB.cost C.takenD.focusedA.betB.investC.purchaseD.invent10.A.limitedB.spentC.concentratedD.spur

√√√√√第二十一页，共27页。Andthe11investmentsthataremadeintrainingworkersarealsomuchmore12focusedonthe13skillsnecessarytodothenextjobratherthanonthebasicbackgroundskillsthatmakeitpossibleto14technologies.Asaresult,problems15whennewbreakthroughtechnologiesarrive.IfAmericanworkers,forexample,takemuchlongerto16howtooperatenewflexiblemanufacturingstationsthanworkersinGermany(astheydo,theeffectivecostofthosestationsislowerinGermanythanitisintheUnitedStates.

IIICloze11.A.limitedB.littleC.infiniteD.boundless12.A.broadly

B.openlyC.narrowly

D.widely13.A.specialB.species C.sparrowD.specific14.A.adaptB.absorbC.adhereD.admit15.A.emergeB.submergeC.mergeD.emergency

√√√√√第二十二页，共27页。IfAmericanworkers,forexample,takemuchlongerto16howtooperatenewflexiblemanufacturingstationsthanworkersinGermany(astheydo,theeffectivecostofthosestationsislowerinGermanythanitisintheUnitedStates.Moretimeisrequiredbeforeequipmentisupandrunningat17,andtheneedforextensiveretraining18costandcreatesbottlenecksthatlimitthespeedwithwhichnewequipmentcanbeemployed.Theresultisaslowerpaceoftechnologicalchange.Intheend,theskillsofthebottomhalfofthepopulation19thewagesofthetophalf.Ifthebottomhalfcan’teffectivelystafftheprocessesthathavetobeoperated,themanagementandprofessionaljobsthatgowiththeseprocesseswill20.

IIICloze16.A.investigateB.realizeC.awareD.learn17.A.ability

B.mobilityC.capacity

D.capability18.A.generatorB.generates C.generousD.gentle19.A.affectB.effectC.inspectD.impact20.A.disappearB.disillusionC.disownD.dissatisfy

√√√√√第二十三页，共27页。I’vealwaysbeenan__1_andIsupposethatis__2__inmybeliefthatthepowerofcreativityandintelligencecanmaketheworldabetterplace.ForaslongasIcanremember,I’velovedlearningnewthingsandsolvingproblems.SowhenIsatdownatacomputerforthefirsttimeinseventhgrade,Iwas__3__.ItwasaclunkyoldTeletypemachineanditcould__4__doanythingcomparedtothecomputerswehavetoday.Butitchangedmylife.WhenmyfriendPaulAllenandIstartedMicrosoft30yearsago,wehadavisionof“acomputeroneverydeskandineveryhome,”whichprobablysoundedalittletoooptimisticatatime__5__mostcomputerswerethesizeofrefrigerators.Butwebelievedthatpersonalcomputerswouldchangetheworld.Andtheyhave.unit81) A.optimistic

B.optimist

C.optimism

D.objectivist2) A.roots

B.rooted

C.rooting

D.root3) A.hooking

B.attracting

Chooked

D.fascinating4) A.ever

B.nearly

C.never

D.barely5) A.while

B.when

C.as D.whenever第二十四页，共27页。Andafter30years,I’mstillas__6__bycomputersasIwasbackinseventhgrade.Ibelievethatcomputersarethemost__7__toolwecanusetofeedourcuriosityand__8__tohelpussolveproblemsthatevensmartestpeoplecouldn’tsolve__9__theirown.Computershavetransformedhowwelearn,givingkidseverywhereawindow__10__alloftheworld’sknowledge.

IIICloze6)

A.discouraged

B.inspiringC.inspired

D.discouraging7)A.unbelieving

B.incredible

C.incredulous

D.suspicious8)A.innovative

B.inventiveness

C.inventive

D.invention9)A.on

B.in

C.for