小升初英语语法总结-讲解与练习知识讲解

小升初语法(yǔfǎ)总复习汇总第一页，共64页。分类一、名词（可数名词和不可数名词）二、人称代词三、冠词四、动词五、介词(jiècí)六、数词七、形容词和副词八、therebe结构九、句式1.肯定句2.否定句3.疑问句4.祈使句十、时态：1.一般现在时2.一般过去时3.现在进行(jìnxíng)时4.一般将来时十一、“wh”的特殊疑问句第二页，共64页。一、名词(míngcí)名词(míngcí)（表示人和事物名称的词）专有名词普通(pǔtōng)名词特定的人、地方、机构等专有的名称。第一个字母通常要大写。e.g.JimGreen，NewYork，BankofChina，PekingUniversity星期、月份、节日、学科、报刊名也是专有名词。个体名词——表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：student,desk集体名词——表示若干个体组成的集合体，如：class,family物质名词——表示无法分为个体的物质名称，如：water,rice,sand，hair抽象名词——表示情感，状态，品质等抽象名称，如：love，carelessness个体名词和集体名词多数可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词，有单、复数形式；物质名词和抽象名词通常无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词，一般只有一种形式。第三页，共64页。英语语法中，只有可数名词才有复数形式。名词有两种数的形式：1）单数（表示一个(yīɡè)人或事物）；2）复数（表示多于一个(yīɡè)的人或数）。名词(míngcí)的数：可数名词不可数名词chicken(鸡，一种动物)fish（鱼，一种动物）anicecream（一个冰淇淋）atomatosalad（一种西红柿沙拉）chicken（鸡肉）fish（鱼肉）icecream（冰淇淋这一类）salad（沙拉这一类）第四页，共64页。名词(míngcí)复数形式的构成形式变化规则发音例词一般情况+s1.清辅音结尾的名词后[s]2.浊辅音结尾的名词后[z]；3.元音结尾的名词后[z];books,cups,catsdogs,birds,armsdays,players以-s,-sh,-ch,-x,-z结尾的名词+es[iz]bus,brush,boxes,watch,大多数以-o结尾的有生命名词+es[z]tomatoes,potatoes,heroes以o结尾的无生命名词+s[z]radios,pianos,photos以辅音字母加y结尾的名词把y改成i再加es[z]stories,families,babies以f和fe结尾的大多数名词把f或fe改成v再加es[z]thieves,knives,wives第五页，共64页。不规则名词(míngcí)的复数由元音字母的变化(biànhuà)构成：man-men,tooth-teeth,foot-feet,mouse-mice,woman-women2.有些名词的复数形式与单数的形式一样：sheep,deer,fish(但也可以是fishes)有些名词变成复数时加-en:child-children,ox-oxen第六页，共64页。Practisepeach_________ 2.zoo_________3.glass_________ 4.fox_______5.lady_________ 6.policewoman_________7.house___________ 8.photo_________9.monkey__________ 10.wife__________11.rose____________ 12.path__________13.judge___________ 14.map___________peacheszoosglassesfoxesladiespolicewomenhousesphotosmonkeyswivesrosespathsjudgesmaps第七页，共64页。二、人称(rénchēng)代词和物主代人称主格宾格复数形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词第一人称ImeWeMyMine第二人称youyouYouYouryours第三人称She/he/ithimTheyHer/his/itsHers/his/its复数weus\ourours主格一般用在句子前面，宾格用在动词(dòngcí)后面，IamLiLe.Callmelele.形容词性物主代词指“某人的什么”，mybook(我的书),yourpuppy.(你的小狗)名词性人称代词指什么是“某人的”Thisbookismine.(这本书是我的)第八页，共64页。Practise_______(他)ismybrother.2.Ihadaletterfrom__________(她).3.It’sallright;it’sonly_________(我).4.Today________(我们(wǒmen))wentin_________(我们(wǒmen)的)car;tomorrow________(我们(wǒmen))aregoingin_________(他们的).5.________(我)lend_________(我的)booksgladlyto_______(我的)friendsandto________(你的).6.Canyouhelp_________(我)with________(我的)English.7.When________(你)gotosee_________(你的)father,pleasetakethesebooksto________(他).8.________(他们)found_______(它)difficulttolearnGerman.HehermeweourwetheirsImymyyoursmemyyouyourhimTheyit第九页，共64页。所有格所有格的形式(xíngshì)单数人称名词末尾加’s child-child’s以-s结尾的单数人称名词末尾加’s waitress-waitress’s不规则的复数人称名词末尾加’s children-children’s以-s结尾的复数人称名词末尾加’ girls-girls’以-s结尾的一些人名末尾加’s James-James’s下列情况一般用“of”结构：东西(没有现成的复合名词时):thebookofthefilm2.东西的一部分:thebottomofthebox3.抽象的概念:thepriceofsuccess4.当of短语中的名词被另一个(yīɡè)短语或从句修饰时：Can’tyoulookatthebookoftheboybehindyou?双重(shuāngchóng)第十页，共64页。’s结构也可以用于“of”结构之后，如：afriendofmyfather’s,出现这种情况是因为在一个名词前通常(tōngcháng)只用一个限定词，又如：thissonofmine,afriendofyours,acousinofhers等等。Isn’tFrankafriendofyours?ThatsillyuncleofTom’shastoldmethesameJokefivetimes.第十一页，共64页。冠词不定冠词a,an定冠词the只能用于单数(dānshù)可数名词之前单数(dānshù)可数名词复数可数名词不可数名词零冠词名词(míngcí)前可不用冠词第十二页，共64页。不定冠词的用法：表示“一”，“任何一个”或“不管(bùguǎn)哪一个”的意思。Ihaveasisterandtwobrothers.2.在某些度量表示法中：WehavePElessonsthreetimesaweek.3.用在单数的表语名词前，以表示职业、行业、宗教、等级等。Georgewantstobeanengineer.4.在以what引导的感叹句中，单数的可数名词前。Whataprettygirl!5.一些常用短语中。haveagoodtime,halfanhour,haveaheadache….第十三页，共64页。定冠词的用法：用来表示“独一无二”的意思。Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.2.表示“说话的人刚刚(gānggāng)提到过的人或事物”。Thereisaboatintheriver.Theboatismadeofwood.3.用在后面跟有限定性介词短语的名词前。theletterfromAmerica,thefourteenthofApril4.用在泛指的乐器名词前。Heplaysthepiano.5.一些常用短语。bytheway,inthemorning,What’sthematter?第十四页，共64页。零冠词的用法(yònɡfǎ)：泛指的抽象名词前。Lifeisveryhardforsomepeople.2.泛指的物质名词前。Waterisveryuseful.3.泛指的复数名词前。Booksaremybestfriends.4.泛指的“餐”名前。Cometohavedinner/breakfastwithme.5.大多数的专有名词前。HecomesfromFrance.6.语言的名词前。ShecanspeakFrench.7.在季节和节日的名词前。Winteristhebesttimeforskating.8.当名词前已有一些代词修饰时。Mybrotherisasoldier.9.在体育项目的名词前。playbasketball10.一些常用短语。athome,gotoschool,atnight第十五页，共64页。1.Thereis_____notebookonmydesk.Iuse_____notebooktokeepadiary.2.Thereis______bottleonthetable._____waterinitissweet.3.Wang'smotheris______Englishteacher.Sheteachesin_____primaryschool.4.Chinais______ancientcountrywith_____longhistory.5.Chinahas_____populationof12hundredmillion._____Chinesepeopleare_____greatpeople.6.Hermotheris_____universityteacher.Sheis_____honestwoman.7.Noneof_____booksshouldbetakenoutof_____roomwithout_____permissionof_____librarian.8._____Partyalwaysteachesustoworkfor_____peopleheartandsoul.9.Shestudiesat____No.3MiddleSchool.Shegoesto____schoolby____buseveryday.10.Myeldersisteris_____studentof_____English.Shestudiesat_____college.PractiseatheaTheantheanatheThe/aanthethethe/The/////aa第十六页，共64页。四、动词(dòngcí)动词主要表示动作，其次表示状态或性质，有时态、语态(yǔtài)、语气等形式的变化。小学阶段所涉及的动词(dòngcí)主要有：实义动词(dòngcí)、be动词(dòngcí)、情态动词(dòngcí)can,must等。第十七页，共64页。Be动词(dòngcí)am,is,arewas,werebeen第十八页，共64页。Practise1.He________verygoodatEnglish.2.MyfatherandI________goingtoBeijingnextmonth.3.________youondutythedaybeforeyesterday?4.Mr.King________inLondontwoweeksago.5.There________manykindsofanimalsinthezoo.6.What________thedateyesterday?7.Look!Alittlegirl________flyingakite.8.Who________notatschoollastMonday?9.Haveyouever________toJapan?10.I______notanurse.Iworkasadoctor.isareWerewasarewasiswasbeenam第十九页，共64页。动词的基本(jīběn)形式原形第三人称单数现在式过去式过去分词现在分词studystudiesstudiedstudiedstudyingdodoesdiddonedoinghavehashadhadhavinglearnlearnslearned/learntlearned/learntlearning第二十页，共64页。第三人称(dìsānrénchēnɡ)单数现在式情况变化规则例词一般情况+sworks,learns,eats,needs,says结尾为s,x,sh,ch,o+espasses,washes,teaches,goes,fixes结尾为辅音字母+y变y为i+escarries,studies,flies,hurries,cries动词be和have的第三人称单数现在(xiànzài)式分别是is和has。第二十一页，共64页。动词(dòngcí)的过去式

构成例词读音在动词后加ed在以e结尾的动词后加ed在以辅音字母加y结尾的动词后，先变y为i再加ed在重读闭音节或r音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母时，须双写这个辅音字母再加ed在清辅音后读[t]lookedwashedpassedhopedlikedstoppeddropped在元音和浊辅音后读[d]stayedcalledlivedstudiedtriedcarriedplannedpreferred在辅音[t]、[d]后读[id]tastedneededadmittedpermitted第二十二页，共64页。现在(xiànzài)分词情况变化规则例词一般情况+ingdoing,asking,helping以不发音的e结尾的动词去e加inghaving,taking,writing,living以重读闭音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词双写最后一个辅音字母，再加ingrunning,swimming,putting,sitting第二十三页，共64页。原形第三人称单数现在式过去式现在分词have

givegetread

sweepplay

carry

hashadhavinggivesgavegivinggetsgotgettingreadsreadreadingsweepssweptsweepingplaysplayedplayingcarriescarriedcarryingPractise第二十四页，共64页。五、动词(dòngcí)的时态动词时态是表示动作或状态(zhuàngtài)发生或存在的时间和表示方式的一种动词形式。小学(xiǎoxué)阶段所学的时态有：一般现在时：work/works2.现在进行时：am/is/areworking3.一般过去时：worked4.一般将来时：am/is/aregoingtowork第二十五页，共64页。一般现在时基本用法介绍(jièshào)一般现在时的功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：Theskyisblue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。常与时间副词连用：always,often,usually,every…,onSundays,twiceaweek等。如：Igetupatsixeveryday.我天天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如：Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球绕着太阳转。一般(yībān)现在时第二十六页，共64页。一般(yībān)现在时基本(jīběn)结构肯定句否定句一般疑问句Iwork.Wework.Idon’twork.Wedon’twork.DoIwork?Dowework?Youwork.Youdon’twork.Doyouwork?Theywork.Theydon’twork.Dotheywork?SheHeworks.ItSheHedoesn’twork.ItsheDoeshework?it第二十七页，共64页。一、写出下列动词(dòngcí)的第三人称单数

drink______go_______stay____make______

look______have_______pass_____carry____二、用括号内动词(dòngcí)的适当形式填空。

1.Heoften________(have)dinnerathome.

2.DanielandTommy_______(be)inClassOne.

3.We_______(notwatch)TVonMonday.

4.Nick_______(notgo)tothezooonSunday.

5.______they________(like)theWorldCup?

6._______yourparents______(read)newspaperseveryday?

7.Thegirl_______(teach)usEnglishonSundays.

8.SheandI________(take)awalktogethereveryevening。第二十八页，共64页。三、按照要求改写句子

1.DanielwatchesTVeveryevening.(改为否定句)

___________________________________________________

2.Idomyhomeworkeveryday.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答(huídá))

________________________________________________________

3.Shelikesmilk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答(huídá))

___________________________

4.Wegotoschooleverymorning.(改为否定句)

___________________________________________________

四、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)

1.Is

yourbrotherspeakEnglish?

__________________

2.Doeshelikesgoingfishing?

_________________

3.Helikesplaygamesafterclass.

_________________

4.Mr.WuteachsusEnglish.

__________________

5.Shedon’tdoherhomeworkonSundays._______________第二十九页，共64页。现在(xiànzài)进行时通常表示说话时或现阶段正在发生或进行着的动作。它所表示的动作具有持续性、暂时性和未完成性。常见的与现在(xiànzài)进行时有关的词有：now,thesedays,look,listen等。基本(jīběn)结构肯定句否定句一般疑问句Iamworking.Weareworking.I’mnotworking.We’renotworking.AmIworking?Areweworking?Youareworking.Youaren’tworking.Areyouworking?Theyareworking.Theyaren’tworking.Aretheyworking?SheHeisworking.ItSheHeisn’tworking.ItsheIsheworking?it第三十页，共64页。动词加ing的变化规则1．一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking2．以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making,taste-tasting3．假如末尾是一个(yīɡè)元音字母和一个(yīɡè)辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing如：run-running,stop-stopping第三十一页，共64页。现在进行时专项练习：

一、写出下列动词的现在分词：

run_______swim_______make______begin______

go________like________

write______shop______have______sing

______dance______put________see_______love_______live_______take________come_____

get_______stop_______sit________

二、用所给的动词的正确(zhèngquè)形式填空：

1.Theboy_________________(draw)apicturenow.

2.Listen.Somegirls_____(sing)intheclassroom.

3.Mymother________(cook)somenicefood

now.

4.What_____you______(do)now?

5.Look.They__________(have)anEnglishlesson.

第三十二页，共64页。三、句型转换(zhuǎnhuàn)：

1.Theyaredoinghousework.(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

2．Thestudentsarecleaningtheclassroom.(改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________第三十三页，共64页。一般(yībān)过去时通常表示(biǎoshì)过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，其中也包括习惯性动作。常与表示(biǎoshì)过去的时间状语连用：yesterday,last…,…ago,justnow,in1998等。基本(jīběn)结构肯定句否定句一般疑问句Iworked.Weworked.Ididn’twork.Wedidn’twork.DidIwork?Didwework?Youworked.Youdidn’twork.Didyouwork?Theyworked.Theydidn’twork.Didtheywork?SheHeworked.ItSheHedidn’twork.ItsheDidhework?it第三十四页，共64页。动词过去式变化规则：1．一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：work--worked,

2．结尾是e加d，如：live--lived3．末尾只有一个元音字母(zìmǔ)和一个辅音字母(zìmǔ)的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母(zìmǔ)，再加-如：stop-stopped

4．以“辅音字母(zìmǔ)y”结尾的，变y为i，再加-ed，如：study-studied第三十五页，共64页。5．不规则动词(dòngcí)过去式：

am、is-was,are-were,do-didsee-saw,say-said,give-gave,get-gotgo-went,come-came,have-had,eat-atetake-took,run-ran,sing-sang,put-put,make-made,read-read,write-wrote,draw-drew,drink-drank,swim-swam,sit-sat第三十六页，共64页。一、

用动词的适当(shìdàng)形式填空

1.It______(be)Ben’sbirthdaylastFriday.

2.Weall______(have)agoodtimelastnight.

3.He________(jump)highonlastSportsDay.

4.Helen________(milk)acowonFriday.

5.Shelikes______newspapers,butshe_____abookyesterday.(read)

6._______they________(sweep)theflooronSunday?No,they_____.

7.I_______(watch)acartoononMonday.第三十七页，共64页。一般(yībān)将来时表示将来发生的动作(dòngzuò)或情况。常与一些表示将来的时间状语连用：tomorrow,next…,Begoingtodo表示主体现在打算在最近或将来要做某事；也可以表示“预见”，即现在已有迹象表明将要发生或即将发生某种情况。基本(jīběn)结构肯定句否定句一般疑问句I’mgoingtowork.We’regoingtowork.I’mnotgoingtowork.Wearen’tgoingtowork.AmIgoingtowork?Arewegoingtowork?You’regoingtowork.Youaren’tgoingtowork.Areyougoingtowork?They’regoingtowork.Theyaren’tgoingtowork.Aretheygoingtowork?SheHeisgoingtowork.ItSheHeisn’tgoingtowork.ItsheIshegoingtowork?it第三十八页，共64页。练习：填空。1.

我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_____________________haveapicnicwithmyfriends.

I________haveapicnicwithmyfriends.2.

下个星期一你打算去干嘛?我想去打篮球。

What________________________________________nextMonday?I__________________playbasketball.（同义句3.你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些(yīxiē)水果。

_____yourmother_________goshoppingthis_______?Yes,she_________.She________________________buysomefruit.4.你们打算什么时候见面。

Whattime______you______________meet?第三十九页，共64页。

1.

Todayisasunnyday.We__(have)apicnicthisafternoon.

2.

Mybrother_________(go)toShanghainextweek.

3.Tomoften______________(go)toschoolonfoot.Buttodayisrain.He______________(go)toschoolbybike.

4.

Whatdoyouusuallydoatweekends?Iusually________(watch)TVand___________(catch)insects?

5.It’sFridaytoday.What_____she_________(do)thisweekend?She_________(watch)TVand__________(catch)insects.

用所给词的适当形式(xíngshì)填空第四十页，共64页。Peter________(play)basketballtwiceaweek.2.Doyoubelievewhathe________(say)justnow?3.Look!Thelazycat____________(sleep)inthesofa.4.There_______(be)abookandtwopensonthedesk.5.

_____you_______________(see)afilmtomorrowmorning?6.She____________(notplay)theguitaratthemoment.7.What______hisfatherusually_______(do)intheevening?8.They______________(have)ameetingnextweek,aren'tthey?9.BothheandI________(be)teachers.10.I___________(notfeel)verywellyesterday.11.Heputonhiscoatand_________(go)out.12.LeiFengoften____________(help)othersandhewashelpful.NextSunday,we___________________(clean)upthepark.14.Hurry!Yourmother____________(wait)foryouattheschoolgate.summaryplayssaidissleepingisAregoingtoseeisn’tplayingdoesdoaregoingtohavearedidn’tfeelwenthelpsaregoingtocleaniswaiting第四十一页，共64页。六、介词(jiècí)介词在句子中表示名词或代词等与其他词之间的关系(guānxì)。不能单独作句子成分，常位于名词或代词（或与之相当的其他词类、短语、从句）前面构成介词短语。介词后面的成分作介词的宾语。方位(fāngwèi)介词in,on,at,under,to,behind,beside,near,before,infrontof,nextto,between时间介词in,on,at,after,before,from…to,past,between

其它of,by,with,into,outof,for,

第四十二页，共64页。Practise1.Look_____thepicture.It'spicture___myschool.

2.Thereisaschoolbuilding____myschool.Ithasfivefloors.______theschoolbuilding,thereisabigplayground.________school,thechildrenalwaysplayballgamesthere.

3.Myclassroomis____thefifthfloor.It'sbigandclean.

4.MissLiisourclassteacher.Shecomes______schoolearlyeverymorning.Shecomes____bicycle.Thenshedoesmorningexercises______us.Shelikessports.Tomorrowisherbirthday.Wewillmakeacard___her.Weloveherverymuch.5.Therearesomeapples_____thetree.atofinNearAfterontobywithforon第四十三页，共64页。七、数词(shùcí)表示数目的词称为(chēnɡwéi)基数词表示数目顺序的词称为(chēnɡwéi)序数词1—12的基数(jīshù)词：one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve13—19的基数(jīshù)词：thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen20—90的基数(jīshù)词：twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,sixty,seventy,eighty,ninety21—29的基数(jīshù)：twenty-one,twenty-two,twenty-three,twenty-four,twenty-five,twenty-six,twenty-seven,twenty-eight,twenty-ninethirty-nine,forty-eight,fifty-seven….-teen-ty十位数和个位数之间要加连字符号“-”第四十四页，共64页。2.百位数：onehundred,twohundred,threehundred,fourhundred…fivehundredandeight-six,sixhundredandninety-nine,sevenhundredandeight,eighthundredandone3.千位数：onethousand,fourthousand,seventhousandonehundredandfive百位数和十位数之间加and。注意(zhùyì)英语中没有“万”这个(zhège)单位，所以常用thousand来表示。tenthousand,thirtythousand,fifteenthousandonehundred,fivehundredandonethousandfourhundredandthirty-two第四十五页，共64页。英语序数词第1-19除了first,second与third有特殊形式外，其余的都由基数词加后缀-th构成。注意：fifth,eighth,ninth和twelfth的拼法。2.十位数的序数词的构成方法是：先把十位数的基数词的词尾ty中的y变为i，然后加后缀-eth,如：twenty—twentieth,forty—fortieth3.十位数的序数词如果含有1-9的个位数时，十位数用基数词，个位数用序数词，中间用“-”连字符。如：twenty-fourth,ninety-fifth4.百、千、万等的序数词由hundred,thousand,million等加-th,前面(qiánmian)加有关的基数词构成。如：onehundredth,onethousandth注意：序数词前的one不能用a代替。onehundredandtwenty-first第四十六页，共64页。Practise1.Thereare____daysinayear.

A.threehundredssixty-fiveB.threehundredsandsixty-fiveC.threehundredandsixty-fiveD.threehundredandsixtyfive

2.______peoplevisitthismuseumeveryday.

A.HundredB.HundredsC.HundredofD.Hundredsof

3.Therearetwo_____peopleinthemeetingroom.

A.hundredB.hundredsC.hundredsofD.hundredof

4.____treeshavebeenplantedinourschoolinthepast10years.

A.ThousandsofB.TwothousandsC.ThousandofD.Twothousandof

5.Mybrotherisin____.

A.ThreeClass,OneGradeB.ClassThree,GradeOneC.GradeOne,ClassThreeD.classthree,gradeone

6.Wearegoingtolearn___thisterm.

A.booksixB.sixbookC.thebooksixD.BookSix7.Wecansaythenumber78,645inEnglishlikethis____.A.seventy-eightthousandandsixhundredandforty-fiveB.seventy-eightthousandsixhundredandfortyfiveC.seventy-eightthousandsixhundredandforty-fiveD.seventyeightthousandsixhundredandforty-five

CDAABDC第四十七页，共64页。八、形容词和副词(fùcí)形容词是用来(yònɡlái)描写或修饰名词（或代词）的词。副词是用来修饰动词(dòngcí)、形容词、其他副词以及全句的词。Heisagood

student.2.Thefilmisvery

interesting.3.Thereissomethingwrongwiththebike.4.Lucyisolder

thanHelen.Theproblemisverydifficult.2.Hewrotetheletterscarefully.1.方式副词：carefully,quickly,suddenly…2.地点副词：here,there,up,down…3.时间副词：yesterday,today,now…4.程度副词：very,quite,much,just…第四十八页，共64页。形容词和副词(fùcí)的比较级和最高级情况比较级最高级一般情况+er,

如：taller,longer,faster,sooner+est,

如：tallest,longest,fastest,soonest以e结尾的词+r,如：later,nicer,larger+st,如：latest,nicest,largest以重读闭音节结尾的词双写最后一个字母，再+er,如:bigger,fatter双写最后一个字母，再+est，如：biggest,fattest以辅音字母加y结尾的词把y改为i再+er,

如：busier,earlier把y改为i再+est,

如：busiest,earliest大部分多音节词在前面加more,如：morecareful,morewonderfully在前面加most,如：mostcareful,mostwonderfully不规则的词：good/well,many/much,farbettermorefarther/furtherbestmostfarthest/further第四十九页，共64页。比较级的用法(yònɡfǎ)1.用来把彼此独立的事和人进行比较，表示“比……更……一些”的意思，通常用一个由从属连词than引导的状语从句来表示和什么相比。为了避免重复，从句中有些(yǒuxiē)成分可以省略。如：HelenistallerthanLucy.HegotmoreinformationthanIdid.HerunsfasterthanI.2.如果我们(wǒmen)要说两个东西在某一方面是一样的，我们(wǒmen)就可以用“as+形容词/副词+as”,形容词不用比较级而用原级。在作否定比较时，可以用notas…as…,notso…as…,也可以用less…than…，如：Jimmyisastallashisfather.Idon’twriteas/sowellasHelen.Thisfilmislessinterestingthanthatone.第五十页，共64页。比较级的用法(yònɡfǎ)3.为了表示持续不断(bùduàn)的变化，我们可以用“双重比较”的方法，这种结构后面不可跟than引导的比较状语从句。如：Heiscryingharderandharder.Ourcountrygetsmoreandmorebeautiful.Computersaregettingsmallerandsmaller,andcomputingfasterandfaster.4.表示两个变化是一起(yīqǐ)发生的，可以把比较级形式和the一起(yīqǐ)用，表示“越……，就越……”的意思。如：Thehigherthemountainis,thethinnertheairis.Theearlieryoustart,thesooneryouwillbeback.第五十一页，共64页。一、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级

short________

strong______

big_____

small_______

fat_________

thin_________

heavy____

light________

nice________

good_______

beautiful_______________

low_________

high________

slow_______

fast________

late_________

early________

far_________well_______

二、根据句意填入单词的正确(zhèngquè)形式：

1.Mybrotheristwoyears__________(old)thanme.

2.Tomisas________(fat)asJim.

3.Isyoursister__________(young)thanyou?Yes,sheis.

4.Whois___________(thin),youorHelen?Helenis.第五十二页，共64页。5.______Nancysing_____(well)thanHelen?Yes,she___.

6.Fangfangisnotas____(tall)astheothergirls.7.Myeyesare__________(big)than_____(she)8.Whogetsup_________(early),TimorTom?

9._____thegirlsgetup______(early)thantheboys?No,they______.第五十三页，共64页。三、翻译句子：

1、谁比Jim年纪(niánjì)大？是你。

_______is_______thanJim？

______are.

2.我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。

Ilike___.Allmy____

____

_____thanme.3、谁的铅笔更长，他的还是她的？我想是她的。

________pencilis_________,______or________？________is,Ithink.

4.我母亲比我父亲年纪(niánjì)小。

My_____

_____

______thanmy______.5.多做运动，你会更强壮。

____moreexercise,andyou’ll____

____soon.

第五十四页，共64页。Practise1.Shanghaiis________thanBeijing.Itis____________cityinourcountry.(large)2.Billisn’tas______asMike.Tomis______thanMike.Whois________ofthethreeboys?(old)3.Marydrawsas______asBill,andsheismuch_______thanhimatsinging.(well,good)4.Springiscoming.Theweatherisgetting________and_________.(warm)5.Tom,JonandIboughtacomputereachlastweek.John’scomputerismuch____________thanTom’sandmine.Itis_________________ofthethree.(expensive)6.Itisalittle__________todaythanyesterday.(wet)7.MrsBrownismuch________thanshewastwoyearsago.(healthy)8.Whichdoyoulike_________,basketball,volleyball,orfootball?(well)largerthelargestoldoldertheoldestwellbetterwarmerwarmermoreexpensivethemostexpensivewetterhealthierbest第五十五页，共64页。Therebe的结构(jiégòu)肯定句：Thereis/wasa…Thereare/were…一般(yībān)疑问句:Is/Wasthere…?Yes,thereis/was.No,thereisn’t/was.Arethere…?Yes,thereare/were.No,therearen’t/weren’t.否定句：Thereisn’t/wasn’t….Therearen’t/weren’t….Therebe表示“存在有”,即当我们告诉某人某事存在(或不存在)常用这种结构。其中there是引导词,本身无词义;be为谓语动词,后面跟的是名词(míngcí),也就是主语,也就是说therebe结构的运用也就是倒装的具体运用。其真正的主语在therebe之后。第五十六页，共64页。Therebe的结构(jiégòu)Some和any一般(yībān)情况下，some用于肯定句中，any用于否定句中。如：Thereissomemilkinthebottle.Therearen’tanypicturesonthewall.Isthereanythingnewintoday’snewspaper?3.特殊(tèshū)疑问句：What’sinthebasket?Therearesomeeggsinit.2)Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass?Therearefiftystudents.2.Be动词与后面所跟名词的就近原则：

Thereisapenandtwopencilsinthebox.Therearesomestudentsandateacherintheclassroom.第五十七页，共64页。Fillintheblankwith“have,has”or“thereis,thereare”1.I________agoodfatherandagoodmother.2.____________atelescopeonthedesk.3.He_________atape-recorder.4.____________abasketballintheplayground.5.She__________somedresses.

第五十八页，共64页。Practise1．There________

noteainthecup．

A．is

B．are

C．has

D．be2．There

________inthenextroom．

A．isTom

B．aresomeboysC．arethey

D．istheboy3．Thereissome

________

ontheplate．

A．apple

B．bread

C．banana

D．sandwich4．There________

somepaperandapenonthedesk．

A．is

B．are

C．have

D．has5．There'sgoingto________

intomorrow'snewspapers．

A．havesomethingnew

B．havenewsomething

C．besomethingnew

D．benewsomething6．Thereissomemilkinthebottle，________？

A．isn'tthere

B．aren'tthere

C．isn'tit