新视野大学英语4unit3 section A

NewHorizonCollegeEnglishBookFour1UnitThree

SectionALongingforaNewWelfareSystem2Pre-readingActivitiesTextUnderstandingLanguagePoints123UnitThreeSummary45Writing31.Whenyouaresick,youmaygototheschoolclinic.Howmuchdoyouneedtopayforyourmedicalexpenses?Tips:—Youjustneedtopay10%ofyourmedicinebills.Pre-readingActivitiesI.SocialWelfare42.Whyjust10%?Whopaystherestforyou?—It’sapartofthesocialwelfaresystem.Thegovernmentpaystherestforyou.Tips:Pre-readingActivities5

Publicassistanceprograms,commonlycalled“welfare”,providecashorbenefitsforparticularcategoriesofthefinanciallyneedy.Pre-readingActivitiesSocialWelfare6TheU.S.welfaresystemoperatesonboththefederalandstatelevels.ThefederalwelfareprogramisknownasSocialSecurity<美>政府的公共福利计划

thatprovidesbenefitsorassistanceforchildcare,disability,foodandmedicalassistance.Pre-readingActivitiesSocialWelfare7Thestatewelfareprograms,ontheotherhand,provideassistancetobothindividualsandlocalcommunitieswithstateschoolingandsocialinsurance.Pre-readingActivitiesSocialWelfare8Whichpersonismorelikelytogetwelfareassistance?Why?Pre-readingActivities

arubbishpicker,78yearsold,nolivingpartner,nochildrenateenageworker,15yearsold,parentsdied,workinginasmallcoalmine9

achildbeggar,7yearsold,nochancetogotoschool

athree-year-oldchild,severelyill,nomoneyformedicaltreatmentPre-readingActivities10II.WordsRelatedtoWelfarePre-readingActivitieswelfareclientCaseworkersdonationfinancialaidinsurancepensiondependencehandicappedrelianceunemploymentmedicalassistance…11III.SpotDictationPre-readingActivitiesDirections:Youwillhearapassage.Itwillbereadtwice.Listencarefullyandsupplythemissingwords.12Pre-readingActivities

Cutsinwelfarepaymentshaveleftmanyclientssopoorthattheycannot_________________or____________________________.Manywoulddescribetheirdietasbeingatthesamelevelasa____________.Asaresultmost_______thesystem.Giftsfromfriendsandrelatives_____________,moneyfrompensionis__________andtherentis____________.Anythingforafewmoredollars.Ofcoursethecaseworkersknowthesethingsoccur.Ratherthanhelpingtheirclients,caseworkers____________________________andareinclinedtogiveoutlectureswhenanyhelpisaskedfor,whichisanaturalconsequenceofthinking_________________everyday.affordtoeatproperly

tohaveadecentstandardoflivinghouseholdpetcheatarenotdeclaredunderstatedexaggeratedexpectthemtobowdowntothemtheyarebeingliedto13Pre-readingActivitiesTextUnderstandingLanguagePoints123UnitThreeSummary45Writing14TextUnderstandingThepassageexplorestheproblemsofthepresentwelfaresystemfirstandthenexpressesthedesiretohaveanewsystem.Accordingtotheauthor,adisabledpersonwithspinalcordinjuries脊椎损伤,heisforcedtoaccountforeverypennywhileenduringlecturesbythecaseworkers.Itishardtohavehiswheelchairrepairedandevenhardertomakeagradualshiftawayfromwelfare.Thatiswhyhelongsforanewsystemunderwhichthedisabledlikehimcanearnpartoralloftheirownlivings.Mainideaofthetext?15Howisthetextorganized?Thepassageiscomposedofthreeparts:howpeoplebehaveunderthepresentwelfaresystem,whattheproblemsarewithit,andwhatsolutionsshouldbeappliedtotheproblems.Theorganizationofthewholepassagegoesaftertheproblem-solutionpatternwithexamplesfromtheauthor’sownexperiences.TextUnderstanding16PartOneParas.1-3PartTwoParas.4-14PartThreeParas.15-17Ononehand,mostwelfareclientscheatthesystemformoremoney.Arethereanyexampleshere?(Para.1)Problem1:Clientsareforcedtoreportanythingnewtocaseworkers.Isthereanyexamplehere?(Paras.4-8)Problem2:

Itisdifficultforclientstohavetheirwheel-chairsrepaired.Isthereanyexamplehere?

(Paras.9-12)

Solution1:Thereneedstobealawyertoprotecttherightsofclients.Example?

(Para.15)Solution2:Thewelfaresystemshouldhelpthosewhoaretoearntheirownlivings.How?

(Para.16)Problem3:

Ifclientsmakemoney,astheauthor’sownexperiencereveals,theyhavetoaccountforeverypenny.

(Para.13)CurrentsituationdescribingProblemswiththesystemSolutionstotheproblemsProblem4:

Thelawdoesnotencourageclientstomakeagradualshiftawayfromwelfare.

Evidence?(Para.14)Solution3:

Anewsystemisneededtoencourageclientstodeveloptheirtalentswithoutguilt.(Para.17)Allthesame,somelikemehaveoptedtolivealifeofhonesty.Arethereanyexampleshere?(Para.2)Ontheother,welfarecase-workers,likedetectives,expecteveryclienttobeg.Why?(Para.3)TextUnderstanding17TextUnderstandingQandAaboutthetext:RetelltheProceduretoAskforWheelchairRepairscaseworkermedicalworkerwheelchairrepaircompanymainwelfareofficethehandicappedclient

What’syourconclusion?It’sverydifficultforwelfareclientstoaskforextrafinancialhelp.18Pre-readingActivitiesTextUnderstandingLanguagePoints123UnitThreeSummary45Writing19LanguagePointstolongfor…

(Title)经过多年战争后，人们都盼望和平。Peoplelongedforpeaceaftermanyyearsofwar.Examplehaveadesirefor;wantverymuch20LanguagePointsbesupposed/expectedto

(L1)2.You’resupposedtoasktheteacherifyouwanttoleavetheroom.Examplea.bebelievedtobeb.berequiredtodosth.accordingtoarule1.she’ssupposedtohavehadfivehundredpairsofshoes.普遍认为应该21LanguagePointsraw

(L2)rawmaterial/cotton/sugar/silk原材料/籽棉/粗糖/生丝Examplea.(offood)notcookedb.(ofmaterials)initsnaturalstatec.(ofinformation)notyetprocessedrawmeat生肉Thisinformationisonlyrawdataandwillneedfurtheranalysis.原始数据22LanguagePointsbleed(L.2)2.He'dbeenwoundedinthearmandwasbleedingheavily.Examplea.

forcesb.topayalotofmoney

b.

loseblood1.Thewestisbleedingpoorercountriesdrythroughinterestpaymentsontheirdebts.西方正通过债务利息榨干贫穷国家的财富。向······榨取······23LanguagePointsopttodosth.

(L6)WhatdoyouopttodoafteryougraduatefromUniversity?Examplechoosetodosth.24LanguagePointstodrumup

(L.6)DuringtheseasonofChristmaseachyear,tradersusetheirownuniquetrickstodrumuptheirbusiness.每年圣诞节期间，商家们各显神通来招揽生意。Exampletryhardtogetsupport,customers,business,etc.竭力争取(支持);兜揽(生意)

25I'mtemptedtogetpaidunderthetable.ButevenifIyieldedtothattemptation,bigmagazinesarenotgoingtogetinvolvedinsomestickysituation.(L.8)Meaning:Ifeeladesiretobepaidwithoutbeingknowntoothers.ButevenifIcouldn'tresistthattemptationandwantedtobepaidunderthetable,bigmagazinesIamworkingforwon'tagreetogetthemselvesintotroublebytellingliesformysake.LanguagePoints26LanguagePointsunderthetable

(L.8)Theywerechargedwithtakingmoneyunderthetable.Exampleinasecretway27LanguagePointssticky(L.9)

2.Herhandswerestickyfromtheicecream.

1.astickyproblem/situationExamplea.difficultorunpleasantb.coveredinasubstancethatstickstothingsthattouchitc.(oftheweather)hotanddamp

3.asticky,humidafternoon

一个又热又潮的下午棘手的黏的28LanguagePointsmakeafoolofsb.

(L.12)

Cf:makeafoolofoneself

Yourbrotherismakingafoolofyou.Eobehavingfoolishly

Hewasdrinkingandmakingafoolofhimself.

他喝酒时，出尽了洋相。愚弄，欺骗出洋相29LanguagePointstobeentitledto(do)sth.

(L.13)1.Everyoneisentitledto(air)hisownopinion.

Examplehavetherighttohaveordosth.2.Thisticketdoesnotentitleyoutotravelfirstclass.

对……享有权利；有权做某事30LanguagePointsliberal(L.14)

2.Herparentsareveryliberalandallowheralotoffreedom.

1.Helikedtothinkofhimselfasaliberal.Examplen.开明的人a.opentonewideasa.generous

3.Sheisveryliberalwithhermoney.31LanguagePointstolecturesb.aboutsth.

(L.29)He'salwayslecturingmeaboutthewayIdress.

他总说我穿着不得体。Example就某事训斥某人32I'veheardthatyouputalotmoremilesonthatwheelchairthanaverage.(L.31)Meaning:I'veheardthatyouuseyourwheelchairmoreoftenthantheaverageclientsdo.Nowonderthat'swhyyourwheelchairisalwaysbreakingdown.

LanguagePoints33Thereisnoprovision

inthelawforagradualshiftawayfromwelfare.(Para.14)Meaning:Thereisnotanitemoflawtoencouragewelfareclientstobegraduallyindependentofthewelfaresystem.逐渐脱离福利照顾LanguagePoints34LanguagePointstolendoneselfto…

(L.56)Someproblemsdonotlendthemselvestofinancialsolutions.Examplebeeasilyusedforaparticularactivityorresult适宜于；有助于Hervoicedoesn’tlenditselfwelltoblues.35LanguagePointstoconvictsb.ofdoingsth.wrong

(L.66)Wehavenorighttoorderhimtoleaveschoolunlessthereisenoughevidencetoconvicthimofcheatingintheexam.我们无权勒令他退学，除非有足够的证据证明他考试作弊。Exampledeclareguilty宣判…有罪；使…服罪Compare:accusesb.of；chargesb.with

36Idon’tthinkthatpoliticiancandrumupmuchsupportwithallhisspeeches.Therewereafewstickymomentsduringthemeeting.Thegovernmentistryingtokeepalowprofileonthisissue.Beingunemployedentitlesyoutofreemedicaltreatment.得到僵局低调使你有权LanguagePoints37Iherebycertify

thattheaboveinformationistrueandaccurate.Ananonymousletteralertedpolicetothepossibilityofaterroristattackattheairport.Youmustbealerttopossibledangers.Thereseemstobeanelectricalproblem.I’llgetsomeonetolookintoit.证明向……报警

警惕检查LanguagePoints38Howdoyouaccountforthissuddendisappearanceofallthemoney?

Somenovelsquitereadilylendthemselvestoadaptationasplays;othersdonot.Thejuryconvicted

theaccusedmanoftheft.Therewasn’tenoughevidencetoconvicthim.解释适合宣判有罪证明有罪LanguagePoints39Youarelegallyentitledtotakefaultygoodsbacktothestorewhereyoupurchasedthem,butyouaresupposedtoaccountforwhyyouwanttodoso.1.从法律上说，你完全可以将质量不过关的商品退还给那家商店，但是应该解释清楚为什么。tobeentitledtodolegallytoaccountforTranslation40Youonlyneedtofilloutaformtogetyourmembership,whichentitlesyoutoadiscountongoods.2.你只需填写一张表格就取得了会员资格，它可以使你在买东西时享受打折的优惠。

tofilloutaformtoentitleyoutoadiscountongoodsTranslation413.一年前,那位汽车经销商(dealer)以优质服务来招揽顾客,如今他的生意已十分红火。

byofferinggoodservicesOneyearago,thecardealertriedtodrumupbuyersbyofferinggoodservices.Now,hisbusinessisthriving.

todrumupbuyersbusinessbethrivingTranslation424.这桩刑事案件经过仔细调查后，他被证明犯了谋杀罪。Thecrimewaslookedintocarefullybeforehewasconvictedofmurder.tolookintocarefullytobeconvictedofmurderTranslation435.我的车子在高速公路上抛锚后,我打电话向高速公路巡逻队(theFreewayServicePatrol)求助,20分钟后他们帮我解了围,留下了一张150美元的收据。IcalledtheFreewayServicePatrolforhelpaftermycarbrokedownonthefreeway.Twentyminuteslater,theycametomyrescueandlefta$150receipt.tobreakdowntocometomyrescuetocall…forhelpTranslation446.由于面临失业的危险，这些工人只好接受了管理部门的意见，重新回去工作。toyieldto…Facedwiththethreatoflosingtheirjobs,theseworkersyieldedtothemanagement’sadviceandwentbacktowork.tobefacedwith…Translation457.拐走孩子的那名中年男子向男孩的父亲敲诈了两万美金，来补偿他公司的损失。Themiddle-agedmanwhotooktheboybledthefatherfor$20,000asacompensationforthelossofhiscompany.

asacompensationforthelosstobleedsb.for…Translation468.这个靠救济过日子的人开始慢慢地建立了自己的市场，生意日渐兴隆。Themanlivingonwelfarebegantosetuphisownmarket,onestepatatimeandhisbusinessisthriving.themanlivingonwelfarebusinessbethrivingonestepatatimeTranslation47Pre-readingActivitiesTextUnderstandingLanguagePoints123UnitThreeSummary45Writing48Summary

Lifeinawheelchairis_____.Livingonwelfareisjustlikesharingadinnerofrawpetfood____thecat.Manywelfareclientsdonothavemoneyto___adecentlife.__________,lyingandcheatingthewelfaresystem___extramoneybecomesnormal.However,someunusualindividuals,whohave____________tolivealifeofcompletehonesty,do___thetruthtocaseworkersand______anyextraincometheymake.Beinghonest,however,isnot_______itsproblems.Caseworkerswillgreatly_______thefrequencyoftheirvisitsandleave______asmalltoughwithliveAsaresultformadeachoicetellwithoutdeclareincreasebehind49Summarymountainofpaperwork___theclienttofill___.Therulessaythatnotapennyistobe__________for.___asinglegift,_____________small,istobeunreported.Theserulesandthenaturalconsequentlying____________tendtotransformcaseworkers____beinghelpersofthepoor__beingdetectivesconstantly_________foranyformsofcheating.foroutunaccountedNotnomatterhowunfortunatelyfromtosearching50Pre-readingActivitiesTextUndersta