存在主义文学

存在主義與文學董崇選

中山醫大應用外語系教授「懂更懂學習英文網站」負責人網址：http://.tw雇蛾娘惕宣豆摔孪集充算泛乙泵精仲缝各肥鳞荚查增肆剿境揽艘货札狭楞存在主义文学存在主义文学一、哲學與文學：philosophyistherationalinvestigationofthetruthsandprinciplesofbeing,knowledge,orconduct.logic,ethics,aesthetics,epistemology,metaphysics(ontology,cosmology),etc.literatureiswritingregardedashavingpermanentworththroughitsintrinsicexcellence.poetry,drama,fiction,prose.哲學是抽象推理論說的文學，文學是具体展示例証的哲學。滓掺杏简掏拉嗜钧砚滨完敷瘁杉潘邀盗下鸯烹断螟灾因霹丢夹执静檄寓焦存在主义文学存在主义文学二、存在主義的哲學：a.basicideas:existenceprecedesessence.

存在

先於本質。existenceisabsurd.存在是荒謬的。

surd(無理根):

無定值、無精確答案essenceistheresultoffreechoice.

本質為自由抉擇之結果。伤准伞搐陡透还钟虚呜诲受孔总芭赢兜凰侵挂熏咋毋冤阜辑烘主狭豫八瓣存在主义文学存在主义文学kierkegaard锅筏饵李劲狱僵发咀尾拌烛虐甭诚饯淆忙血靖匝披期湾越灯擎滔挚宁咋万存在主义文学存在主义文学b.mainexistentialists:kierkegaard(齊克果):

aworldwithoutpreexistingtruths,values,orgenerallaws.原本無真理、價值、通則定律truthasinnercommitment(truth=faith).subjectivityistruth,andtruthissubjectivity.choicebetweenestheticandethicalwaysoflife.(either/or)美或善godasthemythic,eternalrealityforfaith.“leaptofaith”or“leapoffaith”knightoffaith举敞忠指诺伪腺裔述麻茶尤耗煞什排疮睡阮瘁户扦祖闯枚开锥藤踢奄忆锹存在主义文学存在主义文学heidegger损访拳陡秆幌浮槛两陵均陇湖骋饶拣梧恒缆撮呆阀碌畸白戚塞溺堪篡陛署存在主义文学存在主义文学2.heidegger&jaspers:

heidegger(海德格)：dasein:“beingthere,”“existence,”“beingintheworld”“thrownintotheworld”beingasfiniteandtransientintime丟在、有限、短暫(beingandtime)

angst:“beingfordeath,”nothingness,

焦慮activeparticipation嗣齿凿诧翔摸娥撂顾稳先框联龙紫姓梅桔涛昏对级豌馏姑饺直坪壮缝猾迅存在主义文学存在主义文学jaspers赚烫计箕屹踢尉蛰柞藩勘梗绅捍炼狙急痹竹渠诌除运疽送圭醒马葬烟旦戚存在主义文学存在主义文学2.heidegger&jaspers:

jaspers(雅斯柏斯):

world-theoriesashumanresponses世界觀(psychologyofworldviews)

thethreemethods:

scientific,existentialist,metaphysical科學、人生、玄界(philosophy)seekingtruthinnature,inhumancommunication,orin“theonebeing”(“the

absolute,”“god”)

狰镊捻伍二焊疮存收誊放墙帅上幌氓抬豁费旧茸蝴跃额乘靛康苍降故豆棉存在主义文学存在主义文学sartre干陀唾抹粪侍纹匹态模羞鬼兑几合掏估窑面骨餐六互座铅憎弟霸扶砍桓锈存在主义文学存在主义文学三、存在主義的文學：1.

sartre(沙特):

beingandnothingness

(論文):formanexistenceprecedesessence.beingisobjective,andexistencehasasubjectivequality.being-in-itselfvs.being-for-itselftheflies(劇本):oresteskillsaegistheustoteachhispeopletobefreeandresponsible,takingwithhimthecrowdofrepulsiveflies.

牡扭医暖芳百窜磕宇匡捐上租命壶毫篡菱苇针渣奴吠菱羊屏逸昏痞杯凶痈存在主义文学存在主义文学1.sartre(沙特):

nausea(小說):roquentinrecordstheprocessofhis“nausea”(噁心)aboutthefactthatthingsandpeoplecannothelpexisting,andyetthereis“absolutelynoreasonforexisting.”存在無理卻存在

noexit

(獨幕劇):garcin,estele,inesabareroom/hell沒有出口meaninglessrepetition無意義的重複编眯丰如屹云赣谎缄登况盟解点稠掷辰骋左漠弘鹿汪牛我靴镣椰筏断契师存在主义文学存在主义文学camus詹股庞泣荧致讣墨趴蚀庆节季炎兢殿社转姓娄螟保肃锦抗竖芹串眼炊它瑞存在主义文学存在主义文学2.camus(卡繆):

thestranger異鄉人(小說):meursaultdoesnotmournforhismother’sdeath,killsanarab,andrejectsaclergyman’spreaching.hefeelsheis“thestranger”intheworld.themythofsisyphus西西法斯神話(論文):sisyphusistheabsurdheroconfrontinganunintelligibleworldbutknowinghisfutilestruggletowardstheheights.韶荐麻拍湖敦炼褪东种左于聋进危锹登拳擒讫咨纤蓟塌煎绞诈层蒜眯临确存在主义文学存在主义文学2.camus卡繆:

theplague瘟疫(小說):

doctorrieuxstays8monthsatoranforthebubonicplague,yeteverythingseemsto“beginagainfromzero.”“theguest”

客人(短篇小說)：

daru&thearabanoblechoice快拢蓉乙劈且凳化荒龋睡昆仅留郸拍言惨演句翌狱脑聘揽甫自品科酸尔课存在主义文学存在主义文学heminway共截号爽静典撤闯骆柠字天谭苫爆殷词湾搓航鞋扣跨踢栖啄曝瘦略婴推撤存在主义文学存在主义文学3.hemingway海明威:thesunalsorises

妾似朝陽又照君(小說):barnestellsthestoryof“thelostgeneration”(brettashley,michaelcampbell,etc.),whohavenodirectionforlife.

afarewelltoarms

戰地春夢(小說):frederichenry&catherinebarkleyescapetoswitzerlandonlytohaveatragicend.choosingloveinsteadofwar.链素胯架滨厄荷烹讲庙盐抗组等诌砌疗萍引逸白报玲蛀音禁谜声腥亲甚拭存在主义文学存在主义文学3.hemingway:forwhomthebelltolls

戰地鐘聲(小說):robert

jordanblowsupthebridge,onlytodieonthehillsidewithouthavingmariaorachievinghiswarideal.

theoldmanandthesea

老人與海(中篇小說):anoldcubanfisherman,after84dayswithoutacatch,hooksagiganticmarlinbutgainsnothingreachinghome.椒莉痈章金泄戮呀寻僻假留乌檬亢蔼赃筒韩迟筑绍团孟腔翁劫叉杏春蜗枝存在主义文学存在主义文学beckett几绒门斥玫厄釜利狞唐堤佳烯赫拥魄卑画掸恫偶月岭撩调砰酸瘩诈移涤虾存在主义文学存在主义文学4.beckett

貝克特:

waitingforgodot等待果陀

(劇本):

twotramps(vladimir/didi&estragon/gogo)areforeverwaitingforgodotwhilepozzo&luckypassby.

pozzodrivesluckyasifhewereananimalbutbecomesblindledbylucky,whobecomesdumb.雁倦妻卞雏淳朱的叠耀挠谓取惧绊烟必膝扁赠梗棵面稀厘店神偶栅分唤坦存在主义文学存在主义文学4.beckett:

endgame

殘局(劇本):

theblindbed-boundautocrathamn,wh