-Unit5同步讲义语法篇八年级上册英语

PAGEPAGE15第第11讲Unit5EducationalExchanges学习现在完成时：语法意义、概念、句型转换掌握现在完成时的常见副词用法及其区别提问学生：WhendidyoustarttolearnEnglish?Whatareyoudoingnow?引导学生回顾完一般过去时、现在进行时后，进一步引出：HowlonghaveyoulearntEnglish?语法学习现在完成时掌握完成时的基本结构、语法意义already/yet/ever/never等副词的用法一.用法：

现在完成时。与一般过去时的区别：一般过去时：强调过去试比较：Ihavelostmynewbook.（现在还未找到）Ilostmynewbookyesterday.我昨天把新书丢了（昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明）--Haveyouhadlunchyet?你（已经）吃午饭了吗？--Yes,IhaveI'vejusthadit.（现在我不饿了）动作发生在过去，延续到现在，以后还可能持续下去。通常和带有since等表示一段时间的状语。Hehasbeeninthearmy（军队）fortenyears.IhavestudiedEnglishsince1980.表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，表示次数：;,threetimes…,evernever等时间状语。如：IhavebeentoBeijingtwice.IhavebeentoShanghaitwice.Shehaswatchedthisfilmthreetimes.Ihaveneverseenmorebeautifulgirlthanshe.二.构成：肯定句：主语+havehasdone（过去分词）Hehasfinishedhishomework.否定句：主语+have/hasnotdonehavenot=haven’t not=hasn’tHehasn’tfinishedhishomework.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+done ?肯定回答：Yes,主语+have/has.否定回答：No,主+have/hasnot.--Hashefinishedhishomework?--Yes,hehas. / No,hehasn’t.(4)常用的时间状语有：already已经，肯定句的中间和末尾处Hehasalreadyfinishedhishomework.never从不，句子的中间处HehasneverbeentoShanghai.ever曾经,疑问句和肯定句的中间处HehaseverbeentoBeijing.just刚刚，句子的中间处HehasjustbeentoBeijing.yet已经，疑问句、否定句的末尾处HehasnotbeentoBeijingyet.yet区别:Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.already“已经”。Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?yet用在否定句和疑问句中，位于句末，表示“仍然，还，已经”。since区别:for时间段、since+时间点IhavelivedinChangchun¬fortwoyears.Ihavebeenheresince7o'clock.三havebeenin,havebeentohavegoneto的用法区别have(has)beenin表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：sinceforhowlong等。例如：MrBrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays.布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。havebeenhere(there)/athomeschool)/onthefarm/abroadhave(has)beento表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。可与just,ever,never等连用，例如：Ihavejustbeentothepostoffice.我刚才去邮局了。MaryhasneverbeentotheGreatWall.玛丽从未去过长城。HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhou?你曾经去过杭州吗？have(has)goneto意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。例如： isTom?Hehasgonetothebookshop.四．注意forsince引导的表示一段时间的状语连（forsince定不能是非延续性代词，必须是延续性动词。例如：borrow→keep,buy→have,begin/start→beon,die→bedead,join→bein/beamemberof，come/arrive→behere/in,come/getback→beback,go/leave→beaway(from),marry→bemarried(to)规则动词过去分词的构成规律例如：原形中的元音字母有变化：原形中的辅音字母有变化：td：原形中的元音字母和辅音字母都有变化：与原形相同：还有些不规则动词的过去分词和过去式不相同，为便于记忆，也分类如下：begin-began-begun eat-ate-eatenbe-was/were-been forget-forgot-forgottentake-took-taken see-saw-seengive-gave-given break-broke-brokencome-came-come run-ran-runAgroupofBritishstudentsfromWoodparkSchoolinLondonarevisitingXinhuaJuniorHighSchoolinBeijingonaneducationalexchange.“Iwasverynervousatfirst,”saysSarah.“However,myhostfamilyarereallyfriendly.I'mgladtobeaguestintheirhome.Ihavelearnttousechopsticks,andthey'reteachingmealittleChinese!”ThestudentsspendtheweekdaysstudyingwithChinesestudents.Attheweekend,theytouraroundBeijingandvisitplacesofinterestwiththeirhostfamilies.“It'sbeenafantasticexperiencesofar,”saysEric.“I'velearntabitoft'aichi,andIreallyenjoyit.We'vealreadylearntalotaboutChinesecultureandhistory.TheteachershaveintroducedustoChinesepaintingaswell.We'vealsotriedtopaintsomepicturesourselves!Ihaven'thadmuchsuccessyet,butI'llkeeptrying.”“I'vemademanynewfriends,”saysSarah.“IplantokeepintouchwiththemwhenIreturnhome.We'llseeoneanothersoonbecausethey'llcomeovertotheUKforthesecondpartoftheexchangenextmonth.Ican'twait!”Question:WhatschooldoBritishstudentscomefrom?Whatdotheydoattheweekend?内容包括：1.申请担任志愿者；说明自己乐于助人、擅长中文；谈谈学好中文的方法；4DearMr.Miller,I’mLiPingfromYangfanMiddleSchool.Thankyouforyourconsideration.YourstrulyLiPing单词volunteer,improve,culture词组begoodatbeinterestedin,句型I’mfrom...Iwanttobe...Ihavemanygoodwaysto...参考范文一、单项选择。I'vegotthefinalHarryPotterbook.Youwillloveit.I ittwicealready.A.amreading B.haveread C.wasreading D.willreadWhowillteach oralEnglishnextterm?Canitbeanewteacher?--Perhaps.Butourheadteacherhasn'ttoldus .A.your;already B.you;yet C.you;already D.your;yetMissLin alotofworkforthepoorareasince2010.A.does B.did C.hasdone D.willdoMyauntisawriter.She morethantenbookssince1980.A.writes B.wrote C.haswritten D.willwrite youever thissong?Yes,Ihave.Itisverywonderful.A.Did;hear B.Do;hear C.Have;hear D.Have;heardIreallyenjoythenoodlesandvegetables.They delicious.stay B.feelPAGEPAGE19C.taste D.soundTheworkerswillbuildanewrailroad thetwocities,since B.betweenC.as D.during themorningofSeptember8th,manyvisitorsarrived thetrainstationforatour.In;at B.on;toC.in;in D;on;atItraveledtoLondonlastyearanditwasawonderful forme.dream B.reportC.experience D.interviewinAmericainvitedmeto eoverto B.saygoodbyetoC.keepintouchwith D.lookforwardto二、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。你可以把我介绍给你的同学吗？Couldyou me yourclassmates?他成功的秘诀是什么？What'sthesecretofhis ?我们应该尊重我们身边的人。Weshould thepeoplearoundus.那个中国女孩去年到法国去学习法语了。TheChinesegirl FrancetolearnFrenchlastyear.我们提前一个小