同等学力英语词汇讲义PPT

AreyoureadyfortheHOTTESToftheHOTWORDS?你准备好高频词了吗?6220个英语词汇和约600个常用词组。对其中的2360个词汇要求熟练掌握，即能在口语交际、写作和翻译中准确地运用；其余词汇则要求能在阅读中识别和理解。题型介绍A节包括10题，形式为单句选择替换。要求考生对单句中带下划线的一个词或词组进行替换选择，即从所给的4个备选答案中选出一个最佳替换词或词组。Eg,Thismedicinewillensureyouagoodnight’ssleep.A.assureB.secureCreassureD.insure

（ensure保证确保，secure保证使某人得到某物assure说服某人相信…,insure给…上保险）题型介绍B节包括10题，形式为单句选择填空。要求考生根据句意从所给的4个备选答案中选出最佳答案，填入空白处，使句子完整。Eg,Whenwe__abuilding,weshouldprovideanentrancesuitableforwheelchairsonthegroundfloor,aswellaslifts,suitablebathroomsandtoilets.A.designB.assignC.resignD.sign题型介绍在词汇题中，单词与词组的比例基本上为7：3。单词多为名词、动词、形容词和副词；词组多数是由常用词组成但赋予了新意的词组以及一些习惯用法、固定搭配和成语等。原则上讲，所测词汇不会超过新《大纲》词汇表的范围，测试重点是新《大纲》词汇表(6220个英语词汇和约600个常用词组)中除去最常用的2360个积极词汇（positivewords）以外的3000多个单词和词组。其特点是要求考生能区别形近异义词、近义词、词性的转换、词义的引申以及由常用词构成的词组和习惯用法等。真题分析：2008年试卷的词汇部分的30题中有8个是词组，其中有6个是动词词组，词组占总题量的27%左右；所考单词中，动词数量为4个，形容词4个名词4个，副词1个。2007年试卷词汇部分的30题中，有7个是词组，其中绝大多数为动词词组，词组占总题量的23%左右；单词中名词为4个，动词为5个，形容词为4个，副词为1个。单词中90%以上不在2360个要求熟练掌握的积极词汇中。复习与答题对策：通过对真题词汇部分的分析，我们可以看出所测词汇的特点：A.所测词汇绝大部分是新《大纲》非积极词汇的词；B.选择项多为形近或近义词的辨析。在答词汇题时应注意以下几点：1认真阅读全局，理解全句的确切意思。例如：Thethreebranchesofgovernment–thelegislative,theexecutive,andthe

—restrainandstabilizeoneanotherthroughtheirseparatedfunctions.A.lawfulB.justC.judicialD.legal该题的四个选择项都与法律有关，到底应该用哪个，要看其微型语言环境。这里是指政府的司法部门，因此只能用judicial.2要充分利用题干所提供的各种信息和线索以及句子中的内在的联系，做出正确的选择。有些题干的上下文提示了句子前后部分的因果关系、逻辑关系、语义关系（相近或相反），这样如果我们理解了句子的一部分，就能对另一部分做出预测和判断，这样有助于得出正确答案。例如：Asskiesfillwithmillionsofmigratingbirds,Europeanscientistssaytheseasonalmiracleappearstodependonaseeming

.Thefatterthebirds,themoreefficientlyitflies.A.interruptionB.descriptionC.qualificationD.contradiction该句后半部分已告诉我们：鸟越胖，飞行的效率就越高。因此，我们可以肯定前半句中空出的内容一定是看似矛盾的事物，故此选contradiction.3要充分利用所学过的构词法知识，如词根和词缀，来识别派生词

特别要注意表示否定或肯定的词缀所表明的确切意思，因为在考试的词汇题中可能会出现一些新《大纲》词汇表中单词加词缀构成的派生词。这些词虽然在新《大纲》词汇表之外，但命题时是不会把它们作为超纲词来对待的，因为新《大纲》要求考生具有一定的构词法知识。因此在复习词汇时应该注意把前缀后缀加进去同时记忆。(1)加前缀的词，如：war(战争)—antiwar(反战)normal(正常)—abnormal(不正常)(2)加后缀的词，如：sense(感官、意义)—sensible(明智的，合理的，可感觉的)short(短的)—shortage(缺乏)4复习词汇的方法

首先复习新《大纲》中规定掌握的约6220个英语词汇和约600个常用词组，并划出自己还没有掌握的部分。没有掌握的部分通常是较难的词，也正是可能要考的词汇。记忆词汇也要有方法。前面我们提到词汇题中的选择项很多是形相近、意相异的词，或是形相异，意相近的词。词组很多是由同一动词加上不同的介词或副词组成的词组。这样，我们可以把有关的词联系在一起进行记忆，这样考试时就更容易区别这些单词和词组的意思。4复习词汇的方法（1）近形词对照法（2）近意词比较（3）词根词缀法（4）口诀记忆法（5）形象含义联想（6）故事联想（7）谐音（1）近形词对照法(1)把形相近、意相异的词放在一起记忆，如：imaginev.想象；设想imagen.形象；肖像imageryn.文学形象化的描述，比喻imaginablea.可能的；可想象的imaginarya.虚构的，想象出来的imaginationn.想象力近形词区别coast海岸，海滨roast在火上烤，烘boast夸耀，自夸toast干杯，祝酒在海岸coast线上烧烤roast，为吹嘘boast自己干杯toast近形词区别preferv.喜欢(prefer…to…)referv.涉及，参照，指的是，(referto)offerv.主动提出做…(ajoboffer,offersb.todosth.)近形词区别preservev.维持；保留；保存(a.~order维持秩序b.~oldbuilding保留旧建筑c.~deadbody保存)conservev.保存体力，保存精力(a.conservativeEnglishman保守的英国人)reservev.保留，预定..票(a.reserveseatsb.)近形词区别crushv.压碎，榨碎crashv.击碎，飞机失事近形词区别economicadj.经济的近形词区别favorn.偏爱，赞赏近形词区别conceive(conceiveanidea)v.设想，想出perceivev.感知,洞察力近形词区别adapt使适应，使适合eg,Thechildrenhaveadaptedwelltolifeinthecountry.adopt收养领养小孩；(eg,Shewasadoptedasababy.)采用采纳;eg,Thecommitteeadoptedhersuggestions.adeptadj.熟练的精通的，内行，熟手，名家eg,becarefulwhenyouplaycardswithhim,he’sveryadeptatcheating.近形词区别complement补充，补充物compliment恭维，赞扬爱(i)赞扬(compliment),e补充complement近形词区别altitude海拔magnitude巨大的multitude很多，许多aptitude天赋，才能(eg,shehasarealaptitudeformaths)近形词区别optimal最佳的，最理想的(anoptimalchoice)optional选择的optical视力的，光学的optimistic乐观的(pessimistic)近形词区别deduce(=conclude)推断，推论reduce减少，缩小induce(inducesb.todosth.)诱劝，引诱produce生产近形词区别beconvictedof证明…有罪convincedthat…使…信服conceived构思，构想condemned谴责近形词区别transaction(buyandsell,trade)交易transition(acityintransition)变化，过度transmission播放电视节目，传送装置transportation交通近形词区别deservedadj.值得的desperateadj.极度绝望的，极坏的(adesperatecriminal)devotedadj.投入的，深爱的(adevotedfather)近形词区别literate有学问的人iterate重申，重述adulterate掺杂illiterate文盲preliterate无文字记录的obliterate擦掉，磨掉或刷掉近形词区别abstinence节制,节欲,戒酒aesthetic美学的.审美的,有审美感的,美的affable和蔼的，容易接近的affinity亲密关系affray（尤指在公共场所的）吵架，打架近形词区别endemic地方性的engender产生，引起；形成engrossing引人入胜的，极有趣的entangle使纠缠，卷入近形词区别insert插入，接入desert遗弃；抛弃assertion主张，断言，声

近形词区别subside下沉，沉淀，平息insidious阴险的assiduous勤勉的，刻苦的assimilate吸收，消化；使同化近形词区别apprehensive理解的approach着手；提议；接近arbitrary任意的，武断的，独裁的，专断的architect建筑师，设计者aristocrat贵族近形词区别afflict使痛苦，折磨af[一再]+flict[打击]inflict予以（打击等），使受（痛苦等）in[在内]+flict[打击]conflict斗争，冲突抵触，冲突con[共同的]+flict[打击]近形词区别strain大街下雨为拉紧restrain反复拉紧为限制stain拉紧少r是污点constrain共同拉紧是束缚Eg,Theropebrokeunderthestrain.近形词区别lizard蜥蜴blizzard暴风雪wizard男巫；天才近形词区别boggle犹豫mingle混合；混入sparkle闪烁startle震惊见word1（2）同义词、近意词比较(2)把意思相近或内容相关的词汇一起记忆。如：与法律相关的词lawn.法律；法则lawyern.律师lawfula.合法的abolish,cancel,annul,extinguish废除，使不实行abolish适用于活动制度社会机构的废除cancel取消已经安排好的计划，预定好的事情annul“通过权势取消”“宣告法律契约等无效”extinguish“用压服性的武力等手段使之毁灭”intimidate,menace,frighten,threaten,威胁,恐吓menace威胁“以态度或动作等表示要迫害某人”frighten使惊恐，吓唬，使人感到害怕threaten构成威胁，恐吓“扬言将以伤害或惩罚迫使某人去做，不做某事”baffle,frustrate,thwart,balk困惑，阻碍，为难，“阻止某人做某事”TheexaminationquestionbaffledmecompletelyandIcouldn’tanswerit.考试题完全把我难住了，我答不上来。frustrate“尽一切努力使计划成为泡影”thwart“阻挠某人正在做的事”baffle“通过混乱使别人受阻”Theabsenceofcluesbaffledthepolicebalktheybalkedtherobber’splan缺乏线索使警察受阻。vanish,disappear,fade,vanishintothinair突然消失Ifpeopledon’tprotectnatural,manytypesofanimalswillvanishfromtheearth.如果人类不保护自然，许多动物将要从地球消失disappear一般的消失fade渐渐地消失vanish“化为乌有”彻底消失absurd,foolish,silly,ridiculous荒唐的，不合理的，可笑的，愚蠢的absurd不符合人情或常识的,foolish缺乏智慧和判断力,silly单纯糊涂低能的,ridiculous荒谬的令人发笑的anabsurdopinion谬见Itwasabsurdofyoutosuggestsuchathing.你居然建议这样的事，太可笑了Whatafoolishsuggestion!多么荒唐的建议Ican’tstandhergiggling,she’ssosilly.她吃吃地笑，真叫我受不了，那样子傻通了Howridiculous!真滑稽1torture,afflict,agonize,excruciate,racktorment,给人带来巨大的伤害或打击afflictedwitharthritis苦于关节炎agonizingpain极度的痛苦excruciatingspasmsofneuralgia极为痛苦的神经痛rackedwithcancer为癌症所苦tormentedbymigraineheadaches受偏头痛的折磨torturedbypainfulemotions为痛苦的感情所绕abandon,放弃放任狂热desert,forsakeabandononeselfto沉溺于，陷入Withthedevelopmentofthesociety,moreandmoreyoungpeopleabandonthemselvestothenetwork.abandon失去控制，丧失了占有的能力，或放弃某物而不准备再要了desert“过去占有过”“过去是伙伴”“抛弃自己的义务”forsake通常与某人或某物脱离联系同义词与近意词的替代abuse滥用--misuse,ill-treat,useimproperlyabolish抛弃废弃--elimininate,extinguish,invalidate,doawaywith,putanendtoaccident事故-incident,mishap,chance,luckaccess接近，途径–admittance,approach,entrance,short-cutaccept接受—receive,consentto,admit,accedeto,acknowledgeaccomplish完成—achieve,realize,execute,fulfill,implementaccount考虑计算–accountfor,accountto,think,consider,regard,lookuponasaccumulate积累—gathertogether,pileup,amass,congregate,assemble,cumulate,collect同义词与近意词的替代（4）口诀记忆法

graceglittergraingrope比赛race的哥哥真优美grace;垃圾litter前的哥哥放光彩glitter雨rain前的哥哥捡谷粒grain；绳前rope的哥哥在摸索grope口诀记忆法黛玉美丽Deli脆弱delicate;爹爹dedi奉献一生dedicate;三角Intri恋爱复杂intricate;里面in弟弟di提示indicate口诀记忆法fizzlev.发出嘶嘶声，失败nuzzlev.紧挨；依偎飞来Fi嘶嘶之声fizzle；掉下dri毛毛细雨drizzle；故意gu大吃大喝guzzle；哪nu会与你偎依nuzzle口诀记忆法法国人french把他t扔进了壕沟trench，我w把壕沟trench的他扭伤wrench，导入水中湿透drench口诀记忆法postulate假设insulate使绝缘，隔离circulate循环emulate竞争张贴post邮件要假设postulate，里面in有蛇si才绝缘nsulate，圆形circ在前是循环circulate，爱慕em在前才竞争emulate口诀记忆法dangle悬挂，吊胃口tangle混乱状态wangle得到取得wrangle争论，激辩，吵架spangle闪光吊d胃口dangle，他t混乱tangle，我w得到wangle，我w与花r吵架wrangle，专家sp在前才闪光spangle（5）形象含义联想loomvi.隐约出现（l“高高的个子oo大大的眼睛m漂亮的妹妹—隐隐呈现”或“100米以外的妹妹看不清楚”）bloom使开花，使茂盛（b“不是loom隐隐呈现，而是遍地“开花”）gloomadj.黑暗，忧郁，使黑暗，使朦胧（g“哥哥想找loom这样的妹妹找不到”—“忧郁”）doom厄运（）形象含义联想innocentadj.清白的，无罪的天真的，单纯的（in“兜里no没有cent一分钱”）（6）故事联想conceive构思，考虑perceive察觉receive接受；收到deceive欺骗John的经商意识John是我们Cambridge的校长。一次开会他说：“明天是我生日，大家不要送我礼物了。”他在conceiveofaplan来提醒大家，我们这些老师都很聪明，大家都察觉（perceive）到了他计划。玫瑰是所有礼物中最便宜的，于是我们大家纷纷送他玫瑰。John便受到（receive）了一车玫瑰。于是Johnconceiveofanewplan。他用三轮车将玫瑰运送到住宿部，发给每个学生，说：“今天是我的生日，请同学们为我祝福。”学生一看偶像过生日纷纷解囊，买了各种小玩具送给John。John将玩具拉到闹市区卖掉了，终于拿到想要的东西。天真可爱的学生就这样被骗（deceive）了。这件是给我门的启示是：人要有经商意识。John如果在闹市区买玫瑰，收入很微，但他用了商业中最为原始的东西……以物易物。由这件小是可以看出，John很有经商意识。故事联想acclaim喝彩，欢呼ac[一再]+claim[喊]proclaim宣布，声明pro[再前]+claim[喊]reclaim矫正，使改悔re[]+claimexclaim惊叫，呼喊ex+claimclaim认领，索赔elude躲避，逃避declaim朗读，巧辩故事联想Charles是个很受欢迎（acclaim）的老师，每次出场都有女生尖叫（exclaim).因为工作忙，没注意个人卫生，头发乱，学生吓得夺门而逃（elude），书丢了，回到管理员取回（reclaim），并在网上发帖子谴责(declaim)他.有人朗读(declaim)给他.他宣布(proclaim)要剪头发.（7）谐音

Fleevi逃走（”飞离”）Ceasev.停息，停止（“息死”）Champion冠军(“我们产品得了冠军”)Chill寒冷，寒意的（因寒冷打喷嚏“啊球”）Colony殖民地（“靠了你”）Curse诅咒，（“克死”）Ambition雄心，野心（“俺必胜”）（7）谐音

ponderous笨重的，冗长的（“胖的要死”—笨重的）（7）谐音

frugal“一块腐乳就够了”—节俭的Exhaust“一个早死的他”-精疲力竭的考点归类（一）近形词区别（二）近义词区别（三）固定搭配考点归类本考试的词汇部分主要是同义词、近义词及短语的辨析，因而主要使要求理解、应用、学会辨析所学的词汇。英语中存在着丰富的同义词、同意结构体系和手段。这是个学习难点。英语的同义词可分四类：3.部分同义词4.同义表达手段（3和4是我们的重点难点）考点归类3.部分同义词：这些同义词之间有“共核”的部分，在特定的上下文中，其共核部分可以互代。Eg1,ifhetoldhiswifeabouttheirplan,shewasboundtoagree.A.wouldunnecessaryb.wouldsimplyc.wouldalternativelyd.wouldcertainly(本题中，certainly和bound差异很大，但此处有共同点，“肯定会同意”，故可以互代。)(2000)部分同义词eg2,Itisnecessaryto___thefactoryasitisincreasingitsbusiness.A.expandb.increasec.lengthend.widen(本题考的不是词意的共核，而是其间的差异)eg3,Readersarerequiredtoabidebytherulesofthelibraryandmindtheirmanners.A.pose(2006)部分同义词Eg4,Shebelivesthatsheisnotagoodmotherbecauseshedoesnotfitthestereotypeofawomanwhospendsallhertimewithherchildren.A.monstandardc.fixedconceptiond.pleasantnotion(2006)部分同义词Eg5,Twodecadesagoawomanwhoshookhandswithmenonherown__wasusuallyviewedastooforward.A.endeavorb.initiativec.motivationd.preference（endeavor努力，initiative主动的，motivation动机，preference喜好，偏爱，20年前一个女人若主动与男人握手被认为过分）部分同义词Eg6,Thestatuewouldbeperfectbutforafewsmall___initsbase.A.mistakesb.weaknessc.flawsd.errors(flaws指玻璃玉器有裂纹或瑕疵，mistakes和errors指人的错误，weakness指人的弱点)第四类同义词第四类同义词，可能不是词语，而是“同义表达手段”和“惯用型的词组”。Eg1,Alovemarriage,however,doesnotnecessarily__muchsharingofinterestsandresponsibilities.a.takeoverb.resultinc.holdond.keepto（恋爱或婚姻并不一定能造成双方兴趣和责任的分享。）第四类同义词eg2.Thereformsofthepersonnelmanagementsystembroughtaboutgreatincreaseintheeconomicefficiencyoftheenterprise.A.tookonb.resultedinc.resultedfromd.tookplace（人事管理制度的改革带来了企业经济效益的提高。Resultedin表结果resultedfrom表原因）考点归类综上所述，同义词或近义词的词语测试中，主要考学生的一下能力：6.同义结构替代考点归类1.同义词辨析:eg1,Thesurvival__ofsomewildanimalsisnotveryhighastheyareruthlesslyhuntedfortheirskins.A.rateb.degreec.ratiod.scale(四个词都有“比率、比和度量”的含义。“野生动物幸存下来的数量与实际数量之比率”birthrate,deathrate，theratioofnursingstafftodoctorsis3to1.）考点归类1.同义词辨析eg2,Musicoften___usofeventsinthepast.A.remembersb.memorizesc.remindsd.reflects(“使人想起从前的事”)考点归类2.同义词替代：eg1,WethoughtJane’sperformancewasparticularlygood.A.especiallyb.unbelievablyc.necessarilyd.unexpectedly考点归类3.同义词释义:eg1,Mr.Thompsonhasbeenadiplomatforoverfortyyears.A.apresidentofuniversityb.arepresentativeofhisgovernmentc.aleaderofasymphonyorchestrad.adoctorspecializinginchildren’sproblems考点归类3.同义词释义Eg2,Allthedancinggirlslefttheballroomsimultaneously.A.inagreatharryb.allofsuddenc.atthesametimed.onceforall考点归类4.近义词附加小品词辨析:eg1,Weallknowthatinasituationlikethisacoolheadis___.A.calledforb.calledoffc.calledond.calledup(callfor要求calloff取消callon拜访callup应招入伍)考点归类5.易混词辨析：tohunglooselya.mingleb.crumblec.dangled.wriggle(mingle混合eg,mingledjoyandsorrow,thekingoftenlefthispalaceatnightandmingledwiththepeople.Crumble崩溃，裂成碎片dangle悬垂wriggle蠕动扭动,hungloosely“悬着”)考点归类6.同义结构替代：eg1,Wenolongerkeepuptheclosefriendshipofafewyearsagothoughwestillvisiteachotheronoccasion.A.ingoodtimeb.uptodatec.nowandthend.onceandforall（一）近形词区别2005年Thedestructionanearthquakecausesdependsonits__andduration,ortheamountofshakingthatoccurs.A.altitude B.magnitude C.multitude D.aptitudeThe

choiceforaconsumer,therefore,isthechoiceamongtheavailableonesthatwillenablehimorhertomaximizeutility.A.optimal B.optional C.optical D.optimistic近形词区别2004年29.Fromobservers’estimatesofthebrightnessofthefireball,he___thatthebodyinthespacewasbetween40feetand260feetindiameter.A.deduced B.reduced C.induced D.produced32.Amongpicturebooksfor4-8-year-olds,severaloutstandingworksappearedthatcombinedoriginalstorieswith_____illustrations.A.imaginable B.imaginative C.imaging D.imageless近形词区别2003年39.Tomwas

ofacrimehedidn'tcommit.Hefoughtformanyyearstoclearhisname.A.convicted B.convinced C.conceived D.condemned近形词区别40.ActorPierceBrosnanmayplaythedeadlysuperspyinthemovies,butinreallifeheisa

fatherandalovinghusband.A.devastated B.deserved C.desperate D.devoted近形词区别2001年34．Otherguestsatyesterday’sopening,whichwasbroadcast______bytheradiostation,includedtheGovernorandtheMayer．A．alive B．live C．lively D．living近形词区别35．Themanagerwastoldwhenhewas_______thathiswasapressurejob．A．appointed B．pointed C．assigned D．disappointed1999年34．Thefirststepbeforemakinganydecisionto______wastodetermineexactlywhodidthekilling．

A．intervene B．intensify C．interact D．integrate近形词区别1998年26．Anyonewhocanstudyabroadisfortunate；but，ofcourse，itisnoteasytomakethe_______fromoneculturetoanother．A．transaction B．transition C．transmission D．transportation28．Howlargeaproportionofthesalesofstoresinornearresortareascanbe______totouristspending旅游花费?(旅游胜地的商店的占多大的比例,在旅游消费中?)A．attributed B．applied C．contributed D．attached近形词区别1996年25．Itisduringsummerbreaksthatwefirsttastethesatisfactionofworkthat_______intohardcurrency.稳定的货币(暑假期间我们头一次尝到了满意工作换来的钱的滋味)A.transfers B.translates C.transmits D.transplants（二）近义词区别

2004年28.Thethreebranchesofgovernment---thelegislative,theexecutive,andthe_____----restrainandstabilizeoneanotherthroughtheirseparatedfunctions.A.lawful B.just C.judicial D.legal近义词区别2003年33.FindingoutabouttheseuniversitieshasbecomeeasyforanyonewithInternet

.A.entrance B.admission C.access D.entry近义词区别2002年31.ThisgreatprojectattheThreeGorgesoftheYangtzeisexpectedto______twentyyearstocomplete.A.spend B.consume C.need D.take近义词区别33.The______oflungcancer肺癌的影响范围isparticularlyhighamonglong-termheavysmokers,especiallychainsmokers.A.incident B.accident C.incidence D.evidence近义词区别34.Nothingissocertainasthefashionmarketwhereonestyle_______overanotherbeforebeingreplaced.A.dominates B.manipulates C.overwhelms D.prevails近义词区别42.Long____toharmfulpollutantsismostlikelytoleadtoadeclineinhealth.A.contact B.touch C.use D.exposure2000年35．Thoughthedoctorstriedeverythingtheycouldn’tsavehimfromthedeep______wound．A．shot B．punch C．pinch D．stab近义词区别1999年33．ItisunderstoodthatthefilmingofLegendsisalmostcompleteandthefilmisnot_______tobedelayed．A．possible B．likely C．easy D．available35．Thetelevisionstationissupportedby______fromfoundationsandothersources．A．pensions B．accounts C．donations D．advertisements近义词区别1998年29．Notallpersonsarrestedand______withacrimeareguilty，andthemainfunctionofcriminalcourtsistodeterminewhoisguiltyunderthelaw．A.sentenced B．accused C．persecuted D．charged近义词区别35．Apatientwhoisdyingofincurablecancerofthethroatisinterriblepain，whichcannolongerbesatisfactorily_______．A．diminished B．abolished C．relaxed D．alleviated近义词区别1995年20.Asasalesman,heworksona(n)________basis,taking10%ofeverythinghesells.(作为一名销售员,他全部销售10%作为的佣金)A.income B.commission佣金 C.salary D.pension三）固定搭配2005年Weallknowthatinasituationlikethisacoolheadis

.A.calledfor B.calledoff C.calledon D.calledupMrs.Smith

tearswhensheheardherdaughterhaddiedintheroadaccident.A.brokein B.brokeup C.brokethrough D.brokeinto2003年（固定搭配31.Sometimeswebuyamagazinewithabsolutelynopurpose

topasstime.A.ratherthanB.otherthan C.aswell D.exceptfor固定搭配41.Theyearsofpractice,ofdevelopingmyspecialtechnique,arejustaboutto

.A.turnup B.figureoutC.payoff D.clearaway固定搭配42.Likemostforeigners,Iaskalotofquestions,someofwhichareinsultinglysilly.ButeveryoneI

hasansweredthosequestionswithpatienceandhonesty.A.comeacross B.comeby C.comeover D.comeinto固定搭配2002年32.Hiseffortsofdecadesbeganto_____.Hecametobewell-knownforhisfindings.A.payoff B.dieoff C.putoff D.breakoff固定搭配39.Thephilosophyclassbeganwithtwentystudentsbutthree_____afterthemidtermexam.A.pickedup B.turnedout C.droppedout D.keptup固定搭配42.Long______toharmfulpollutantsismostlikelytoleadtodeclineinhealth.A.contact B.touch C.use D.exposure45.________beingfunandgoodexercises,swimmingisaveryusefulskill.A.Ratherthan B.Apartfrom C.insteadof Dowingto固定搭配2001年32．Anyonebreakingtheruleswillbeaskedtoleave_______．A．atthespot B．onthespot C．forthespot D．inthespot固定搭配33．Marysucceededinliving______herextraordinaryreputation．她的成功名不虚传.A．upto B．up C．down D．on42．Afterafewmonths,theimmigrantsbecame_____tothenewenvironment．A．confident B．sick C．happy D．Accustomed=getusedto固定搭配2000年31．Theauthorofthebookhasshownhisremarkablykeen_______into

惊人的洞察力humannature．A．intellect B．insight C．perception D．understanding固定搭配32．We’lltakeavacationinthemountainsassoonasIfinishworking________myproject．A．on B．with C．in D．about33．Thegovernmenthasthereforeagreedtopayauthoritiesextrasumsto______fortheirfinanciallosses．A．makeup B．turnup C．fillin D．leanon固定搭配1999年26．Don't_____whileI'mtalking．Youcansaywhatyouwantlater.A．cutoff B．cutdown C．cutout D．cutin1998年31．Ifyouareamemberofaclub，youmust_______to

遵守therulesofthatclub．A．conform B．appeal C．refer D．access3kindsofwordformationAdding:affixation/derivation,compounding,borrowing,imitation,coinage,inventionShorting:abbreviation(clipping,blending,initialization),backformationNeitheraddingnorshorting:conversion1Affixation(Derivation)DefinitionanditsmajorfeaturesMeanstheformationofnewwordsbyaddingaffixestootherwordsormorphemes.eg,disagreementisderivedfromtheverbagreebytheadditionofthedis-andthenoun-formingsuffix–ment.Affixationfallsintotwosubcategories:prefixationandsuffixation1.1Prefixation1.1Prefixationistheformationofnewwordsbyaddingprefixestobases(stems).

1Prefixeswhicharenegative:a-,dis-,in-,non-,un-2Reversative(逆向)orprivative:de-,dis-,un-3Prjorative:mal-,mis-,pseudo-4Ofdegreeorsize:arch-extra,hyper-,macro-,micro-,mini-,out-,over-,sub-,super-,sur-,ultra-,under5ofattitude:anti-,co-,contra-,counter-,pro-,6locative:extra-,fore-,inter-,intra-,super-,tele-,trans-,7oftimeandorder:ex-,fore-,pre-,post-,re-8ofnumber:semi-,uni-,mono-,bi-,di-,tri-,multi-,poly-9ofconversion:a-,be-,en-,10Ofamiscellaneous:auto-,neo-,pan-proto-,vice-DefinitionanditsmajorfeatureSuffixationistheformationofnewwordsbyaddingsuffixestostems.Asuffixisaletterofagroupoflettersplacedattheendingofawordtochangeitsclassorfunction.Suffixescanbeclassifiedintogroupsonagrammaticalbasis.

Table:themostproductivesuffixestoknowNounsuffixes:-eer,-er,-ette,-let,-ster,-dom,-ery,-hood,-ing,-ism,-ship,-ant,-al,-ance,-ation,-ence,-ment,-ity,-ness,-ist,-ite,-an,-ese,-ure,or,-cy,-yAdjectivesuffixes:-ed,-ant,-ful,-ish,-less,-like,-ly,-y,-al,-esque,-ic,-ous,-able,-ative,-ive,-iseVerbsuffixes;-ate,-en,-ify,-ize,-iseAdvervsuffixes:-ly,-ward(s),-wiseAswecanknowfromtheabovelist,manysuffixesarepolysemantic,theyhavemorethanonemeaning.forexample,thedemorminalsuffixes–erhasvariedmeanings,1)somethinghavingx,glover2)inhavitantofx,londoner3)makerofx,wheeler2.Compounding(composition)DefinitionanditsmajorfeaturesNewwordsaresometimesconstructedbyc