新世纪实用英语写作Chapter 3

ENGLISHPARAGRAPH

DEVELOPMENTChapter3《新世纪实用英语写作》EnglishParagraphDevelopment3.1Description3.2Definition3.3ExamplesandIllustrations

3.4Division&Classification3.5Comparison&Contrast

3.6Cause&Effect

3.7Argumentation

3.8Figures&Statistics3.9Quotation3.10CombinationofMethods《新世纪实用英语写作》《新世纪实用英语写作》《新世纪实用英语写作》《新世纪实用英语写作》《新世纪实用英语写作》ContentsinDetailsDescription描述

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DescriptionofanObjectorEvent

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DescriptionofaProcessorProcedureDefinition定义

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Single-SentenceDefinition

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ExtendedDefinitionExamples&Illustrations例证

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GeneraltoParticularorViceVersa

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EnumerationorExtensionDivision&Classification划分与分类

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Division

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ClassificationComparison&Contrast比较与对照

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Point-by-PointStyle·

BlockStyle《新世纪实用英语写作》Cause&Effect因果关系

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ACausetoMultipleEffects/MultipleCausestoanEffect

·BlockOrganization/ChainOrganizationArgumentation论证·Induction·DeductionFigures&Statistics图表数据

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Statistics·TimesQuotation引证

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Direct&Indirect·ProverbsCombinationofMethods综合法《新世纪实用英语写作》3.1Description（1）

DescriptionofanObjectorEvent

用于描写人物、事物、地点，这种描述告诉读者客观事物的状态，有时用来辅助解说、议论或叙述。（2）DescriptionofaProcessorProcedure

根据事情发生的先后顺序、应该遵循的程序或步骤逐步描述。这种段落扩展方法也称为“howtoparagraph”或“processparagraph”，常为科技文章所采用，主要描述实验、生产、操作和制造等具体清晰的过程。例如：下面的段落解说描述了维他命12。《新世纪实用英语写作》VitaminB12—CyanocobalaminVitaminB12isnecessaryforthenormaldevelopmentofredbloodcells,andthefunctioningofallcells,particularlyinthebonemarrow,nervoussystem,andintestines.Adeficiencycausesperniciousanemia,andifthedeficiencyisprolonged,adegenerationofthespinalcordoccurs.Abundantsourcesare:organmeats,leanmeats,fish,milk,eggs,andshellfish.B12isnotpresenttoanymeasurabledegreeinplants,whichmeansthatstrictvegetariansshouldsupplementtheirdietswiththisvitamin.《新世纪实用英语写作》DescriptionofaProcessLanguage,likeanyotheraspectoflifeandhumanbehavior,changesfromonegenerationtothenext.Aschildrenwelearnourfirstornativelanguagefromourparents.Itisthenmodifiedthroughassociationwithplaymates,wholearnedtheirlanguagefromtheirelders.Thislearningprocessisheightenedandextendedinschool.Inadulthoodourlanguageattainsrelativestability.Itreflectsoureducation,ouroccupation,ourpersonalinterestsandcontacts—inshort,ourtotalenvironment.Bythistime,however,wearealreadyconveyingthelanguagetoourchildren,andtheprocessbeginsanewcycle.Thehistoryofalanguageisanaccountofwhathashappenedtoitinthecourseofitscontinuoustransmissionfromonegenerationtoanother.本段运用一般现在时、以时间顺序叙述了人类的语言习得过程。

《新世纪实用英语写作》DescriptionofaProcedureGasoline,afterbeingmanufacturedatapetroleumrefinery,isdistributedfromtherefinerytoaterminalprimarilyviapipelineormarinevessel.Attheterminal,thegasolineisstored,transferredtotrucksorinsomeinstancestorailcars,andsubsequentlydeliveredtointermediatewholesaleoutlets(bulkplants)andtolargeretail(servicestations)andcommercialaccounts.Bulkplantsgenerallydelivertoaccountswithstoragetankcapacitiesoflessthan30,000liters.

这一段是关于石油营销运作的过程描述。石油在生产之后，经管道把石油运送到总站，再用汽车或机动有轨车送到中间批发口岸，大的零售点以及商业帐户处。《新世纪实用英语写作》HowtoStartYourOwnBusiness1)Makesureyouwanttodoit2)Researchthefield,gatherinformationtalktoexpertsreadcheckoutcompetitiondomarketresearch3)Plangetexpertsforboardofdirectorsbudget4)Hiregoodpeoplelistentothemencouragetheirprofessionaldevelopment5)GetmoreinformationclassesconsultantsActivity《新世纪实用英语写作》SampleWriting

HowtoStartYourOwnBusinessFirstmakesureyoureallywanttostartyourownbusiness,becauseittakesalotoftime.Onceyouaredeterminedtodoit,youneedtoresearchthefield.Thisincludesmakingsurenooneelseisdoingexactlythesamethinginyourarea.Findouthowmuchneedthereisforyourkindofservice,locatethecustomers,andfindoutwhatkindofservicestheywant.You’llwanttotalktoexperts,potentialcustomers,andpotentialsuppliers,andyou’llwanttodoalotofreading.Thenyouneedtoplan.Makesureyouhaveexpertsonyourboardofdirectors.Makeupcarefulbudgetsandplanfor《新世纪实用英语写作》everything,eventhenumberofpaperclips.Anessentialishiringsmartpeople.Youcanlearnagreatdealfromthem.Youshouldalsoencouragethemtocontinuetogrowprofessionallybylettingthemattendseminarsanddevelopmentcourses.Payattentiontoyourowntrainingtoo.Takecoursesinbusinessadministration,ifpossible.It’snotonlyagoodwaytolearn,it’salsoagoodwaytomakecontacts.Peopleyoumeetinyourcoursescouldbecomeyourconsultants.Attimesyouwillwanttohireconsultantstohelpyousolveproblemsortogiveyouandyourstaffseminarsonparticularissues.《新世纪实用英语写作》HowtoLearnEnglish?Readandappreciatethewritingprocessofthispassage.

TolearnEnglish,youhavetofollowsomesteps,whicharenotverydifficultifyouknowhowtohandlethem.First,listeningtotheradioandwatchingTVareamongthemostimportantthingsyoucando.ThebestprogramonTVisthenews.Also,therearemanydifferentshowsandmoviestochoosefrom;theywillhelpyoutoo.Second,readingdifferentnewspapersandmagazinesinEnglishwillhelpyoualot.Ifyoureadeveryday,you’llseehowmuchyourEnglishprogressesinjustafewmonths.

《新世纪实用英语写作》Third,becomingfriendswithAmericansisveryimportant.Byassociatingwiththem,youwillgetusedtotheircustomsandunderstandtheirculture,whichwillinturnhelpimproveyourEnglishlearning.Fourth,andmostimportantofall,isself-confidence:don’tbeembarrassedaboutmakingamistake.Thepointistotalkandpractice;therefore,youshouldnotbeshyandafraidoftalkinginEnglish.Youmayhavealotofproblems,butyouhavetobepatientandfaceyourproblemsandsolvethemcourageously.AndthatishowtolearnEnglish.《新世纪实用英语写作》ActivityPleasewriteaparagraphaboutaparticularplacethatyoucanobservecarefullyorthatyouhavealreadyknownwell.Itmightbeoneofthefollowingorsomeotherplace:DormitoryBankSupermarketClassroomDoctor'sofficeMovietheaterGymnasiumComputerlabFast-foodrestaurantLibraryMcDonald's

《新世纪实用英语写作》SampleWriting

BlueRoomUponentering,theyoungladyquicklyconcludedthatshewasintheBlueRoom.Twolargewindows,coveredfromceilingtofloorwithroyalbluevelvetdrapes,weredirectlyinfrontofher.Besideeachofthesewindowsstoodachairupholsteredinthesameroyalbluevelvet.Hangingonthewalltoherrightwastheportraitofadistinguishedgentlemaninabluemilitaryuniform.Aroundtablecoveredwithablueclothsatintheverycenteroftheroom.Againstthewalltoherleftwerefourbluechairsidenticaltothetwobesidethewindows.Eventhewhitemarblefloorbeneaththechairsreflectedtheirshinyblue.《新世纪实用英语写作》PracticeWriteaboutapersonyouknowwell,likeyourfamily,afriend,aroommate,aneighbor,orsomeoneelse.Listedbelowaresomedescriptivewordsforreference.humorousjealousbad-temperedsupportivematerialisticambitioussuspicious generoussarcasticbigotedopen-mindedself-centeredconsideratelazy spinelessindependentstingy defensive sensitive trustworthydishonest persistentaggressiveinsensitive《新世纪实用英语写作》PracticeWriteaprocessparagraphabouthowtosucceedinajobinterview.Pickoutthesteps,tips,andpointersthatseemmostimportanttoyou.《新世纪实用英语写作》3.2Definition（1）Single-SentenceDefinition（2）ExtendedDefinition

在扩展式定义中，我们可以详细、具体而又准确地解释说明定义的内容。

例如：在下面这段文字中，作者先给Internet一个简短的定义，接着又对其做了较详细的解释，使读者对Internet的功能、特点和在现代社会中所起的作用有了比较清晰的认识。

《新世纪实用英语写作》

TheInternetTheInternetisavastsystemofnetworkslinkingmillionsofcomputers.Becauseofitssizeanddiversity,theInternetenablespeoplefromallovertheworldtoshareinformationandtocommunicatewithoneanother.TheInternetisanenormousresearchresource.OntheInternetyouwillfindnewsgroupsandListservs,andyoucancommunicatewithyourinstructorandclassmatesviaelectronicmailorsearchtheonlinecatalogsofotherlibraries.YouwillalsobeabletoconnecttotheWorldWideWeb,whichcontainstextaswellaspicturesandsound.TheInternetgivesyouaccesstoaworldofinformation—business,associations,researchorganizations,collegesanduniversities,theUSgovernment,communityorganizations,andevenindividuals—thatyoucanuseinyourresearchandinyourdailylife.《新世纪实用英语写作》ActivityEconometrics

maybedefinedasthebranchofeconomicswhichappliesmathematicalandstatisticaltechniquestoeconomicproblems.Itisconcernedwithtestingthevalidityofeconomictheoriesandprovidingthemeansofmakingquantitativepredictions.Writeadefinitionforeachofthefollowingwordsinasimilarwaytotheabove.chemistrylinguisticssociologyastronomycriminalpsychology

《新世纪实用英语写作》SampleWriting

LinguisticsLinguisticsisthehumanisticdisciplinethatcomesclosesttobeingascienceinthegenerallyacceptedsenseoftheword.Partlythisisbecausehumanlanguage,thesubjectmatteroflinguistics,isalmostentirelyacquiredsubconsciously:itisamassiveandintricatestructurethatisfreetodevelopinaccordancewithnaturalratherthanwithconsciouslydeterminedsociallaws.Thegoaloflinguisticscienceistodiscoverthenaturetheseslawsandthustogainacrucialinsightintothehumanmind.《新世纪实用英语写作》PracticePleasewriteanexpandeddefinitionofe-mail,includingitsfunctionsandfeatures.《新世纪实用英语写作》3.3

ExamplesandIllustrations

（1）GeneraltoParticularorViceVersa（2）EnumerationorExtension例如：

下面段落通过列举三个具体实例说明南美洲雨林的生物医学价值:某种植物可提取治疗帕金森病的药材，某些植物和昆虫的体内含有治疗精神疾病的化学物质，另外，有几千种植物含有抗癌药材。段落最后得出结论：毁掉雨林就毁掉了人类医学的发展。《新世纪实用英语写作》RainForestsOnemajorvalueofrainforestsisbiomedical.Theplantsandanimalsofrainforestsarethesourceofmanycompoundsusedintoday’smedicines.AdrugthathelpstreatParkinson’sdiseaseismanufacturedfromaplantthatgrowsonlyinSouthAmericanrainforests.Someplantsandinsectsfoundinrainforestscontainchemicalsthatrelievecertainmentaldisorders.Discoveries,however,haveonlybegun.Scientistssaythatrainforestscontainoverathousandplantsthathavegreatanticancerpotential.Todestroylifeformsintheseforestsistodeprivethehumanraceoffurthermedicaladvances.《新世纪实用英语写作》LifeintheU.S.ABeforeIcametotheUnitedStatedtostudy,Iwasafraid.IheardfrommyfriendsaboutwidespreadcrimeintheUnitedStatesandabouttheunfriendlinessofAmericans.Sincemyarrivalheresixmonthsago,IcansayIhavebeenpleasantlysurprised.Ihavenotfoundcrimeeverywhere,and,whilenotallAmericanshavebeenfriendly,manyofthemhave.Infact,IhavefoundthiscountrytobeassafeandalmostasfriendlyastheoneIleft.Letmegiveyouanexample.Onenighttwoweeksago,Ihadtowalkbacktothedormfromafriend'shouse.Itwasquitelateandthestreetswerelonelyanddeserted.AsIwaswalkingalong,Isawamanwalkingtowardme.Isaidtomyself,"Ohno,thisisit."Butwhenthestrangerfinallygotclosetome,hejustsaid"heyman"andkeptwalking.IrealizedthenthatAmericaisnotasdangerousasIthought.这个段落是以一个实例说明中心思想的范例。作者通过亲身的经历，说明了美国并不象人们想象的那样充满了危险。

《新世纪实用英语写作》PracticePleasewriteaparagraphaboutonlinechatting,usinganexampletosupportyourtopicsentenceanddeveloptheparagraph.Youmaydeveloptheparagraphfromeithertheadvantageousorthedisadvantageousaspectofonlinechatting.《新世纪实用英语写作》3.4

Division&Classification(1)Division

Itmeansbreakingasubjectintoseveralcomponentparts.

(2)Classification

Itmeansgroupingindividualtermsintocategories.例如:下面两个段落对地球气候带进行了划分..《新世纪实用英语写作》ClimateZonesThemostcommonlyusedformoftheKöppenclassificationhasfiveprimarytypesofclimatezoneslabeledAthroughE.TheseprimarytypesareA,tropical;B,dry;C,mildmid-latitude;D,coldmid-latitude;andE,polar.Thefiveprimaryclassificationscanbefurtherdividedintosecondaryclassificationssuchasrainforest,monsoon,tropicalsavanna,humidsubtropical,humidcontinental,oceanicclimate,Mediterraneanclimate,steppe,subarcticclimate,tundra,polaricecap,anddesert.《新世纪实用英语写作》Practice

Pleasewriteaparagraphusingthemethodofclassification.Thetopicsentencemaybelikethis:Librariescanbedividedintotwomajorgroups:publiclibrariesandacademiclibraries.《新世纪实用英语写作》3.5Comparison&Contrast

(1)Point-by-pointstyle(2)Blockstyle例如：

下文例文1将两项事物同时描述，采用了逐点比较的方法，对PC和MAC计算机的每一相似之处都进行了比较分析。然而，例文2采用了整体对照的写作方法，对品牌计算机和非品牌计算机在价格方面、操作系统以及售后服务等方面分别进行了阐述说明。通过对比使人对两种计算机的差异有了清晰的了解。《新世纪实用英语写作》PCv.s.MACThePCandMACaresimilarinseveralways,eventhoughusersofeithercomputerwouldratherdiethanadmitevenasmallresemblance.Bothmachineswillrungraphicsinmuchthesameway.Eachemploysamouseandagraphicalinterfaceorwindows-likeenvironmentinasimilarfashiontorunprogramssuchasPageMakerorMicrosoftWord.ThefinallikenessisthatboththePCandtheMACincorporatetechnologythatallowsthemto“talk”toeachother.Injustafewmoreyears,thePCandMACwillbecomeevenmorealike,anduserswillbelessadamantabouttheuniquequalitiesoftheircomputers.《新世纪实用英语写作》Whichcomputertochoose?Inpurchasingacomputer,whichispreferred,NameBrandsorNon-nameBrands?Thereareseveraldifferencestoconsider.ThepriceofNameBrandcomputersisusuallymuchhigher.TheoperationsystemofaNameBrandcomputerisoftenmorestableandfaster,andtheconfigurationofthehardwareisveryefficient.Inaddition,NameBrandcomputersoftenhaveanexcellentafter-saleservicepolicy.Incontrast,thepriceofNon-nameBrandcomputersisoftenmuchlower.However,thehardwareofaNon-nameBrandcomputerismadeupofvariouscomponentswhichmaynotfunctionasharmoniouslyasaNameBrandcomputer.Non-nameBrandcomputersoftenfunctionsloweranddonotcomewithanafter-saleservicepolicyprovidedbytheseller.Consequently,itwouldbemuchsaferandmoresatisfyingtopurchaseaNameBrandcomputereventhoughthepriceishigher.《新世纪实用英语写作》ActivityAccordingtoeachofthefollowingthesisstatements,writeanout-linecomparingtwojobs.ThesisStatement:Onewaytodecidebetweentwojoboffersistomakeapoint-by-pointcomparisonoftheirfeatures.2.ThesisStatement:OnewaytodecidebetweentwojoboffersistoconsidertheadvantagesofJobXandJobY.

《新世纪实用英语写作》Point-by-PointOrganizationI.ThesalaryofJobXandJobYareapproximatelyequal.A.JobX’ssalaryB.JobY’ssalaryII.JobXoffersthesamefringebenefitsasJobY.A.JobX’sfringebenefitsB.JobY’sfringebenefitsIII.IncontrasttoJobY,JobXoffersgoodopportunitiesforadvancement.A.JobX’sopportunitiesforadvancement.B.JobY’sopportunitiesforadvancement.IV.Unlikethehigh-pressureandcompetitiveatmosphereatCompanyX,theatmosphereatCompanyYseemscongenialandsupportive.A.atmosphereatCompanyXB.atmosphereatCompanyY《新世纪实用英语写作》BlockOrganizationI.ThesalaryandfringebenefitsofJobXandJobYarealmostthesame.

A.Salary(JobXandJobY)B.Fringebenefits(JobXandJobY)II.Althoughthesalaryandfringebenefitsareequal,therearebigdifferencesintheareasofworkplaceatmosphereandopportunityforadvancement.A.Workplaceatmosphere1.JobX2.JobY

B.Opportunityforadvancement1.JobX2.JobY《新世纪实用英语写作》PracticeWriteacomparison-and-contrastorcontrastparagraphononeofthetopicsbelow.1.Lastyear’sfashionsversusthisyear’s2.Newsinapaperversusnewsontelevision3.Freshfoodversuscannedorfrozenfood《新世纪实用英语写作》3.6Cause&Effect

(1)ACausetoMultipleEffectsMultipleCausestoanEffect(2)BlockOrganizationChainOrganization例如：Acombinationoffactors,suchashereditaryinfluences,lackofexercise,slowmetabolicrateandovereatingleadstoobesity.

多因一果Thedemiseoftheirrelationshipistheresultofconflictsovermoney,interferingrelatives,andcareerproblems.一果多因《新世纪实用英语写作》WhyIsTOEFLExamDifficult?Forthemajorityofforeignstudents,itisusuallyhardtogettherequiredscoreontheTOEFLexam.Ialsofoundithard,andIcangivereasonsforthat.Firstofall,youmayhaveverygoodEnglish,yetyoumaystillnotgettherequiredscoresbecausethemostimportantfactabouttakingtheTOEFListoknowhowtodealwiththetestitselfandhowtomakethemostoftheassignedtime.Forexample,thefirsttimeItookthatexamIdidn'twatchthetime,andIwas,therefore,toolatetofinishthegrammarsection.Inaddition,theTOEFLisfulloftricks,andusuallyitconcentratesoncertainsubjectsorpointsthatforeignstudentsusuallydon'tknow.Soinordertogettherequiredscore,oneshouldbeawareofthesefactsandshouldpracticeasmuchasonecanwiththetestsamples.《新世纪实用英语写作》StudyAbroadStudentsstudyabroadforavarietyofreasons,rangingfromacademicpursuittoasearchforone'sheritage,orsimplybecauseofapersonalinterestinacountryorculture.Often,whatyougainfromstudyingabroadcanbevastlydifferentfromthegoalsandexpectationsyouhadbeforeyouleft.Thisisoneofthereasonsstudyingabroadissochallengingandrewarding.本段采用了连锁式编排法,先介绍人们选择出国求学的种种心理期待，进而指出此举并非总能如愿以偿，得出结论是异国求学虽艰辛却值得。《新世纪实用英语写作》Asmostpeoplecansee,alargeamountofpiratedproductsarearoundusinthedailylife.Canyoulistsomereasonstoexplain:(1)Whypiratedproductsarestillpopular?(2)Whateffectscantheseproductsbringtoourlifeinthelongrun?Practice《新世纪实用英语写作》3.7Argumentation

(1)Induction(2)Deduction《新世纪实用英语写作》ActivityPleaseidentifytheargumentativemethodsusedinthefollowingtwoparagraphs.TherearefourmajorethnicgroupsinNewYorkCity:Whites,Blacks,IndiansandChicanos.Inaddition,someneighborhoodshavelargeJapanese,Jewish,Chinese,orVietnamesepopulations.Thecityisaculturallydiversecommunity.NewYorkCityisaculturallydiversecommunity.Therearefourmajorethnicgroups:Whites,Blacks,IndiansandChicanos.Inaddition,someneighborhoodshavelargeJapanese,Jewish,Chinese,orVietnamesepopulations.InductionDeduction《新世纪实用英语写作》论证时语言要准确、鲜明、生动、炼字、炼句，达到高度概括。这样才能做到层次清楚、推理严谨、合乎逻辑，在客观上以理服人，在主观上以情动人。

例如:下面这个段落摘自《纽约时报》。作者并没有使用激烈言辞表达情感，而使用了比较温和的语言陈述了个人观点，同样达到了说服人的目的。《新世纪实用英语写作》AcityonSundayThinkofwakinginthecityonSunday.Althoughmostpeoplenolongerworshipinthemorning,thecityitselfhasareverentialair.Itcomestolifeslowly,evenreluctantly,astrafficlightsblinktheirorderstoemptystreets.Next,joggersventureforth,peopleouttogetthepaper,familiesgoingtochurchorgrandma’s.SoonthecityisitsSundayself:Peoplecavortwiththeirchildren,discuss,makerepairs,gotomuseums,gambol.Fewpeoplegotowork,andanyshoppingisincidental.ThecityonSundayisaplaceoutsidethemarket.Playdominates,nottheeconomy.《新世纪实用英语写作》UsefulExpressionsThemaindrawbackofairtravelisthatyoudonothavetimetoadjusttothechangeinyoursurroundings.Ontheonehand,womennowhavemorefreedomthaneverbefore;ontheotherhand,theyalsohavegreatersocialresponsibilities.Whenaskedaboutthebiggestproblemtoday,manypeoplesaythatitistheseriousenergycrisis.Butotherpeopleholdoptimisticviews:theyregarditasanaturalresultoftheeconomicdevelopmentandbelieveitwillbesolvedwithfurtheradvancesineconomyandtechnology.Thereissufficientevidencetoshowthatparentsareparticularlyinfluentialinthedecisionsoftheirchildrenaboutcollege.

《新世纪实用英语写作》

Somepeoplethinkweshouldspendasmuchmoneyaspossibleexploringouterspace(forexample,travelingtothemoonandtootherplanets).OtherpeopledisagreeandthinkweshouldspendthismoneyforourbasicneedsonEarth.Whichofthetwoopinionsdoyouagreewith?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyouranswer.Practice《新世纪实用英语写作》3.8Figures&Statistics(1)Statistics(2)TimesAnationalsurveybyTheInstituteforSocialResearchoftheUniversityofMichigan,inwhich17,000ofthenation's2.7millionhighschoolseniorswerequestionedabouttheiruseofdrugs,revealedacontinuingdownwardtrend.50.9percentofthosequestionedin1989reportedthattheyhadatleasttriedanillicitdruglikemarijuanaorcocaine,asagainst53.9percentin1988and56.6percentin,1987.

这一段主要对不同时期得到的统计数字进行了比较，进而证实了提出的结论。《新世纪实用英语写作》TranslatethefollowingintoEnglishusingseveralwaystoexpresstimes.

假如某工厂2007年汽车月产量为400台,而2012年跃进到1600台,也就是说增加了3倍。《新世纪实用英语写作》ActivityTheoutputofautomobilesin2007wasthreetimesasmuchasthatof2012.Theoutputofautomobilesin2012wasthreetimesthatof2007.Theoutputofautomobilesin2012wasthreetimesgreaterthanthatin2007.Theoutputofautomobilesincreasedthreefoldintheyears2007-2012.Theoutputofautomobilesin2012was200%greaterthanin2007.UsefulExpressionsthemajorityof…,justoverhalf/50%of…,aboutone-thirdof…,acurve,convex,concave,top,bottom,aslope,apeak,aplateaubetween1996-1999towardtheendof1999/oftheyearsincethe1950sbythebeginningofthe1990sinthemiddleofthemonthinlate1998lateinthemonthforaperiodof80days《新世纪实用英语写作》TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.在优化机构和提高效益的基础上,国内生产总值到2020年力争比2000年翻两番,综合国力和国际竞争力明显增强。Onthebasisofoptimizedstructureandbettereconomicreturns,effortswillbemadetoquadrupletheGDPoftheyear2000by2020,andChina'soverallnationalstrengthandinternationalcompetitivenesswillincreasemarkedly.2001年，电影票销售额估计达到了83.5亿美元，比2000年的77亿美元增加了8.4%，这是自1998年以来最高的一次收入。Movieticketsalesreachedanestimated$8.35billionin2001,up8.4%from$7.7billionin2000,thelargestgainsince1998.《新世纪实用英语写作》Activity历史告诉我们,即使免疫率只下降10%到15%,我们也会立即面临这些疾病卷土重来并造成毁灭性后果的局面。Historytellsusthatifimmunizationratesweretodropevenbyaslittleas10~15percent,wewouldsoonfaceareal