英美概况课件-英国教育

British

EducationPrimaryandSecondaryeducationsystemAdministrationofEducationHighereducationExams&qualifications

HistoryBefore1870educationwas_________,andschoolshasbeensetupby________.Literaryratewas______.From1870,theEducationActof1944madeentryto________education.TheEducationReformof1988providedfortheestablishmentofa__________________forthoseagedfrom5to16.Citytechnologycolleges(CTC)wereintroduced.voluntarychurcheslowsecondaryNationalCurriculumPresentEducationSystem

Basic

Education

HigherEducation

PrimaryEducationSecondaryEducationUniversities&CollegesPrimaryandSecondaryEducationStateSchoolIndependentSchooladheretonationalcurriculumnotobligedtoadheretonationalcurriculumStateSchoolNurserySchoolPrimarySchoolInfantSchool+JuniorSchoolStateSecondarySchoolCollegesofFurtherEducationNurserySchoolApre-schooleducationForChildrenbetweentheageof3to5yearsFully-fundedbylocalgovernmentStateSecondarySchoolGrammarschoolComprehensivesecondaryschoolTechnicalschoolSecondarymodernschoolIndependentSchoolKindergartenPrivateSchoolPreparatorySchool“Public”School“Public”SchoolIndependentandprivateschoolBeinminorityMostprestigiousoneslikeEtonCollegeandRugbySchoolEtonschoolyardExaminationsGeneralCertificateofSecondaryEducation(GCSE)Alevelexamination(advancedlevel):foruniversityentranceThemainexaminationthatallstudentsshouldtakeat16istheGeneralCertificateofSecondaryEducation(GCSE).Somestudentscontinueinthesameschoolforafurther2yearsofstudyleadingtotheexaminationoftheGeneralCertificateofEducation,Advancedlevel(GCEAlevel).Usually3or4academicsubjectsarestudied&1generalstudiespaper.Thisisthemainexaminationrequiredforuniversityentrance.GCSEleaveschoolcontinueatvocational/technicalcollegetakeA-levelexaminationfollowinganothertwo-yearstudyAdministrationofEducation

notascentralized

asinmanyothercountries.ThecentralDepartmentofEducationandScienceinLondonguides,advises,andinspects.TheplanningandorganizationofeducationinEnglandandWalesarelefttotheLocalEducationAuthorities.TheheadmasterofaschoolhasagreatdealofautonomyindecidingwhatistobetaughtandHowtoteachBritishHigherEducationOldUniversitiesTheoldScottishuniversities

Middle-agedUniversities(1830-1930)NewuniversitiesOldUniversitiesOxford

Establishedin1167,theoldestExercisestutorialsystemandlecturesystemOxfordUniversityCambridgeUniversity

(establishedin1284)TheoldScottishuniversities

By1600,Scotlandhad4universities:Glasgow,Edinburgh,AberdeenandSt.Andrews.

ThelastresemblesOxbridgeinmanyways,whiletheother3aremorelikecivicuniversitiesinthatmostofthestudentsliveathomeorfindtheirownroomsintown.

RedbrickUniversitiesTheseincludealltheprovincialuniversitiesoftheperiod1850-1930,aswellasLondonUniversity.Itmeansthebuildingswerebuiltinbuildingmaterialofthetime-redbrick.TheotherredbrickuniversitiesincludetheuniversitiesofBristol,Birmingham,LiverpoolandManchesterTheUniversityofLiverpoolUniversityofBirmingham,EnglandUniversityofLondonUniversityofManchesterUniversityofBristolNewUniversitiesTheincreaseddemandforhghereducationintheyearsafterWorldWarIIledtothecreationofseveralnewuniversities.AboldandimaginativestepinadulteducationisthecreationoftheOpenUniversitywhichwasestablishedin1996.OpenUniversity(1)History(background&origin):in1963theleaderoftheLaborPartymadeaspeechoutliningplansfora‘universityoftheair’--aneducationalsystemwhichwouldmakeuseofTV,radio&correspondencecourses.Purpose:togiveeducationalopportunitytothosepeoplewho,foronereasonoranother,hadnothadachancetoreceivefurthereducation.OpenUniversity(2)OpenUniversity(3)The1stteachingprogramappearedontheair&screeninJanuary1971,withclerks,farmworkers,housewives,teachers,policemen&manyothersasstudents(25,000wereacceptedforthe4‘foundation’(introductory)coursesoffered:socialsciences,arts,science&mathematics).TheOpenUniversityisprobablythecheapest&mostfar-reachingmethodofspreadingfurthereducation.OpenuniversityThreeacademicdegreesBachelor’sDegree:Thegeneralnamefora1st

degree,mostcommonlyaBA(BachelorofArts)orBS(BachelorofScience).Master’sDegree:Thegeneralnamefora2nd(postgraduate)degree,mostcommonlyanMAorMS.Doctorate:Thehighestacademicqualification.Thisusually(butnoteverywhere)carriesthetitlePhD(DoctorofPhilosophy).Thetimetakentocompleteadoctorateisgenerallyexpectedtoinvolve3yearsoffull-timestudy.ThemainresponsibilityforadministeringeducationinBritainisleftto_______.A.theDepartmentofEducationandScienceB.LocalEducationAuthoritiesC.LocalCoun