2018-2019学年英语新导学外研版必修三讲义：Module 1 Period Three

学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精PeriodThreeGrammar＆Writing单元语法-—一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态＆主谓一致用所给动词的正确形式填空1．Parisisoneofthemostbeautifulcitiesandisvisited（visit)bymorethaneightmilliontouristseveryyear.2．BuildingssuchastheParthenonontheAcropolisHillwerebuilt(build）duringthisperiod.3．TheSagradaFamiliawasdesigned（design)byanarchitectcalledAntonioGaudi.4．Florence’smostbeautifulpaintingsandsculptureswereproduced(produce）bygreatartists.5．Athensisknown（know)asthebirthplaceofwesterncivilisation.6．Three。fourthsoftheprojecthasbeencompleted（complete）tillnow。7．Manyastudenthasrealized（realize）theimportanceofmasteringaforeignlanguagesofar。8．Ourteamis（be）anexpertteam.9．Eitherthestudentsortheirheadteacheris(be）supposedtoreconsiderhowtodealwiththeproblem.10．Theteacherwiththestudentsis（be）playingfootballontheplayground.Ⅰ.一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态一、被动语态的基本构成1．一般现在时的被动语态的构成：am/is/are＋done。IamaskedtocopyEnglishwordsfortentimes。我被要求抄十遍英语单词。Footballisplayedallovertheworld.全世界都踢足球。2．一般过去时的被动语态的构成:was/were＋done。Theuniversitywasfoundedin1901。这所大学是1901年建的。The29thOlympicGameswereheldinBeijingin2008.第29届奥运会是2008年在北京举办的。二、被动语态的用法1．不清楚谁是动作的执行者时,用被动语态。Hiscarwasstolenwhenheparkedinthestreet。当他把车停在街上时，他的车被偷了。2．没有必要指出动作的执行者时，用被动语态。Nooneknowswhenthebridgewasbuilt.没人知道这桥是什么时候建的.3．强调或突出动作的承受者时,用被动语态.如果需要指出动作的执行者时，可用“by＋动作的执行者”这一结构.Parisisvisitedbymanypeopleeveryyear.每年有很多人参观巴黎。ThispaintingwaspaintedbyXuBeihong.这幅画是徐悲鸿画的.三、被动语态和系表结构的区别被动结构表示动作，句子的主语是被动动作的对象；而系表结构说明主语所处的状态，其中的过去分词已经形容词化了.ThewindowwasbrokenbyJack.（被动)这窗户是杰克打碎的.Watchout！Thewindowisbroken。(系表）当心！这窗户是碎裂的。Itappedthewindowandthedoorwasopened。（被动)我拍了拍窗户,门开了。WhenIreturnedhome，thedoorwasopen.（系表）当我回到家时，门是开着的。Ⅱ.主谓一致一个句子的谓语动词在人称和数上与主语必须保持一致。本模块出现的是集合名词、代词（neither，none,each)作主语时与谓语动词一致的情况。下面就它们的用法进行讲解。1．一些集合名词，如：family,team，class，band,committee，government，group，public等用作主语时，若视为整体，谓语动词则用单数形式；若视为个体，谓语动词则用复数形式.注意：集合名词cattle，people，police作主语时,谓语常用复数。记忆秘诀:牛群爱人民警察。Peopleareworkinghardinthefield.人们正在地里辛勤地劳作.Thepolicearesearchingfortheescapedprisoners.警察正在搜寻逃跑的罪犯。2．当两个主语由or，either...or。。。，neither..。nor...或notonly。。。butalso..。等连接时，谓语动词要与最近的主语一致,即我们常说的“就近原则”。LiMing，oryou，aregoingtomeettheforeignfriendsattheairport。李明，或者你,将去机场接外国朋友。NeithertheSmithsnortheirsonsupportstheplan.史密斯夫妇和他们的儿子都不赞成这个计划.注意：(1)both。。。and.。。连接并列主语时，谓语动词用复数。BothyouandIareinterestedinfootball.我和你都对足球感兴趣。（2)由aswellas，alongwith,togetherwith,inadditionto,including，ratherthan，except，besides等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数取决于该词之前的主语。ThestudentsaswellastheirEnglishteacherhaveattendedthemeeting.学生和他们的英语老师都参加了这次会议。Awoman，togetherwithsomegirls，iscominguptous。一位妇女和一些女孩朝我们走过来.3．代词either和neither常作单数看待，作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。Eitherofthebooksiswrittenbymymother。这两本书中的一本是我妈妈写的。Neitherofyouisfitforthejob。你们两个都不适合这份工作。4．代词none常被视为复数，但有时也用作单数。其后常接of短语，作主语时，若指不可数名词,谓语只能用单数；若指可数名词、代词，谓语动词既可用复数形式也可用单数形式.Noneofthemoneyisleft。一点钱也没剩下。Noneofthemhave/hasyetturnedupattheparty.他们都没在晚会上出现.5．each在意义上属于单数。作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Eachstudentinourclassworkshard。我们班的每个学生学习都刻苦.Eachofthewomenworkersworksaslongas12hourseveryday。每名女工每天都工作长达12个小时.Ⅰ.用所给动词的正确形式填空1．Thereviewsaysrunningregularlyis（be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglifethanwalking,cyclingorswimming。（2018·全国Ⅰ）2．Since2011，thecountryhasgrown(grow）morecornthanrice。(2018·全国Ⅱ)3．ThepublicationofGreatExpectations，whichwas（be)bothwidelyreviewedandhighlypraised，strengthenedDickens'statusasaleadingnovelist。（2017·江苏)4．Nowadays,cycling，alongwithjoggingandswimming，isregarded(regard）asoneofthebestall.roundformsofexercise。(2017·天津)5．Whenfatandsaltareremoved(remove)fromfood，thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.(2017·全国Ⅰ）6．Fastfoodis（be）fulloffatandsalt；byeatingmorefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.（2017·全国Ⅰ)7．Trulyelegantchopsticksmightbemade（make）ofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters.（2016·全国Ⅲ）8．Thegiantpandaisloved(love)bypeoplethroughouttheworld。（2016·四川)9．Tomydelight，Iwaschosen（choose）fromhundredsofapplicantstoattendtheopeningceremony.（2015·福建)10．Itisimportanttorememberthatsuccessis（be)asumofsmalleffortsmadeeachdayandoftentakes（take）yearstoachieve.(2015·湖南)11．Allweneedis（be）asmallpieceoflandwherewecanplantvariouskindsoffruittreesthroughoutthegrowingseasonsoftheyear.(2014·湖南）12．Theuniversityestimatesthatlivingexpensesforinternationalstudentsarearound8,450ayear，whichisaburdenforsomeofthem。(be)（2013·湖南）Ⅱ。单句改错（每小题仅有1处错误)1．Aboutonemonthafterthisphotowaseq\f（took,taken），Ienteredmysecondyearofhighschoolandbecameanewmemberoftheschoolmusicclub。（2017·全国Ⅲ，短文改错）2．Everydayhemakessurethatfreshvegetablesandhighqualityoilareeq\f（using，used)forcooking.（2016·全国Ⅰ，短文改错）3．Lotsofstudieshavebeenshownthatglobalwarminghasalreadybecomeaveryseriousproblem。(2015·全国Ⅰ，短文改错)4．Suddenlythearrowseq\f(was,were）flyingdownatusfromthesky—theylookedlikerain！(2014·陕西,短文改错)5．Today，Iamgoingtotalkaboutwhatyoushoulddowhenafirealarmeq\f(go，goes）off.(2014·四川，短文改错)6．Theunderstandingbetweentwofriendseq\f(mean,means）bothofthemhavesimilarideasandtrusteachother.(2014·大纲全国，短文改错)Ⅰ.用所给动词的正确形式填空1．Thiscoastalareawasnamed(name）NationalWildlifeReservelastyear。2．Thecomputerwasmade(make）inQingdaoandhasahighquality。3．Somepartsofthatcountrywerestruck（strike)byapowerfulearthquakelastweek.4．MrCrossettwasmade（make）togiveuphisexperimentbecauseofhispoorhealthlastyear.5．Thehistoryofthewesternartistaught（teach）byLorry，auniversitystudentfromtheUSA.6．NotonlyIbutalsoDavidandIrisare(be）fondofplayingbasketball.7．Tomaswellashisbrotherswashit（hit)byacartheotherday.8．Thecattleeat(eat)grassonthesideofthehilleveryday。9．Themedicalteamare(be）treatingtheinjuredatpresentinthathospital.10．Eachcitizenover18yearsoldinourcountryhas(have)therighttovote.Ⅱ.单句改错（每小题仅有1处错误）11．Sheistheonlyoneofthegirlswhoeq\f(write,writes）storiesforchildren。12．Thewriterandteachereq\f(were,was）talkingtotheboyshappily。13．Thelittlechildrenaretakengoodcareeq\o（\s\up7（∧），\s\do5（of））inthiscenter。14．Theguestseq\o（\s\up7（∧）,\s\do5(were）)treatedbadlywhiletheywerestayinginthishotel。15．It’ssaidthattheaccidentwashappenedonarainynight。Ⅲ.语法填空（2018·广东湛江一中高一期中）InCanada，volunteeringisextremelycommonamongpeopleofallages.Theybelievethatbeinghelpfulisoneofthemostimportant16。qualities(quality）tohave.Therearemanyformsofvoluntaryworkandopportunitiestohelpareeverywhere，17。including（include)schoolsorpeople’sgardens.I’mvolunteeringforafoundation18.toassist（assist）theteachersthere.I'minchargeofapreschoolclass，19。wherestudentsareagedfrom3to6.WhenIfirststarted,IwasquitenervousasVolunteeringgivesusnotonlyanopportunitytochangesomeone’slifebutalsothesatisfactionofhelpingothers.Itisalsoagreatwaytodevelopsocialskillsandvaluableexperienceforourfuture。单元写作——Writingaboutacity介绍某一城市就是对该城市的大致状况进行描述，向人们展示该城市的地貌特征、风土人情、历史文化等。写此类文章应注意以下几点：1．一般应包括该城市的位置、面积、人口、历史、气候、特产等。但是一定要抓住该城市的主要特色，这样才能给读者留下深刻的印象。2．要遵循一定的写作顺序。描述该城市的位置时,首先要找好中心点，再由近及远，也可以先总体后局部,或者按照一定的时间或空间顺序来写。3．此类文章常用一般现在时.4．口头介绍类的文章一般都口语化比较明显，而且要有称呼和开头语、结束语。写作时要把题目要求和提示内容相结合，不要遗漏要点。连句成文时需注意使用过渡衔接词以使行文连贯.1．介绍城市的地理位置、自然特色、人口以及历史等信息。(1）Itissituatedon/in/at。..（2）Itislocatedin..。(3)It’swarm/cold。（4）Ithasapopulationof。.。(5)Ithasalonghistory..。2．描写城市的变化。（1）Greatchangeshavetakenplacein。。.(2）Buildingshavebeenbuilt。。.（3)Thisvillageusedtobeverypoor。However,ithaschangedalotsince1978andhasbeendevelopingveryfast。(4)Peoplehereliveamuchbetterlifethanbefore.Nowitistakingonanewlook。(5)Inshort，changesinourlifeinthepasttwentyyearshavebroughtuscomfortandconvenience。（6）Ifyouwerehere，youwouldbeamazedbythegreatchanges/thebeautyofourcity(school/campus/hometown)．3．就变化提出自己的感想和合理化建议.（1）However,therearesomeproblems..。(2）Inmyopinion，itshouldbedevelopedscientifically.。。假如你是李华，你的一个美国中学生网友Tim希望暑假来青岛旅游，请你用英语给他发一封100词左右的电子邮件，向他介绍青岛,要点如下:1．青岛市位于山东半岛南端，面积11282平方公里，人口920多万；2．青岛三面环海，风景优美，气候宜人；3．青岛是一座世界著名的旅游城市，每年有数千万的游客前来游览观光，最受欢迎的景点有青岛国际帆船中心、栈桥、海底世界；4．青岛也是一座现代化工业城市,海信、海尔是青岛的两大公司.注意：邮件的开头及结尾已给出，不计入总词数.参考词汇:半岛peninsula；国际帆船中心theInternationalSailingCentre;栈桥ZhanQiaoPier写作要求是根据提示信息写一封电子邮件来介绍青岛。写作时应注意下面几点：1．确定文体：这是一篇应用文，是学生熟悉的电子邮件，写作中应注意邮件的常规格式。2．主体时态：文章应以一般现在时为主.3．主体人称：由于是介绍一个地方，所以人称应该以第三人称为主。联想词汇1．对……感到高兴beglad/happyto。.。2．向……介绍……introduce.。。to。..3．位于liein/besituated/locatedin4．占……面积coveranareaof...5．有多少人口haveapopulationof。。。6．被……环绕besurroundedby。.。7．另外inaddition/besides/moreover/furthermore/additionally8．盼望lookforwardto句式升级1．青岛位于山东半岛南端，面积11282平方公里，人口920多万。Qingdaoliesin/issituated/locatedinthesouthofShandongpeninsula。Itcoversanareaof11，282km2andhasapopulationofmorethan9，200,000.（简单句）Qingdao，whichliesinthesouthofShandongpeninsula，coversanareaof11,282km2andhasapopulationofmorethan9,200,000.（定语从句)QingdaoliesinthesouthofShandongpeninsula,coveringanareaof11，282km2,withapopulationofmorethan9,200，000.(现在分词作状语)2．青岛三面环海，风景优美，气候宜人。Qingdaoissurroundedbytheseaonthreesideswithbeautifulsceneryandpleasantweather。（with介词短语)Surroundedbytheseaonthreesides,Qingdaohasverybeautifulsceneryandpleasantweather.（过去分词短语作状语)3．青岛也是一座现代化工业城市,海信、海尔是青岛的两大公司。Qingdaoisalsoamodernindustrialcity.Itisthehomeoftwoworld­classcompanies—HisenseandHaier.（简单句）Qingdao,alsoamodernindustrialcity，isthehomeoftwoworld­classcompanies-HisenseandHaier.（同位语)4．希望尽快在这儿与你见面。Hopetoseeyouheresoon。(hopetodo)Lookingforwardtoseeingyouheresoon.(lookforwardto）DearTim,I’mgladtolearnthatyouarecomingtoQingdaoforavisitthissummer.NowI’dliketointroducesomethingaboutthecitytoyou。Qingdao，whichliesinthesouthofShandongpeninsula，coversanareaof11,282km2andhasapopulationofmorethan9，200，000。Surroundedbytheseaonthreesides,Qingdaohasverybeautifulsceneryandpleasantweather.Tourismisanimportantpartofthecity’sincome，andeveryyeartensofmillionsoftouristsvisitthecity。NowtheInternationalSailingCentre，ZhanQiaoPierandtheUndergroundSeaWorldarethemostpopularattractions.Inaddition，Qingdaoisalsoamodernindustrialcity.Itisthehomeoftwoworld.classcompanies—HisenseandHaier.Lookingforwardtoseeingyouheresoon。Yoursfaithfully，LiHuaⅠ。阅读理解A（2017·山东济宁微山二中高一段考)ThepupilsofGrangetownHighhavebeenbusygettingtoknowtheirnewestandtallestclassmate—a7­meter。tallgiraffeoutsidetheirschool。Thegiraffeisahugesculpturemadebyalocalartist。Theschool’sheadmasternoticedthesculptureintheartist’sgardenashedrovepastoneday,andthoughtitwouldbeperfectforhisschool。“Ikneweveryonewouldloveit,"hesaid，“becauseourbasketballteamisknownastheGrangetownGiraffes，andtheyweargiraffesontheirshirts。SoIaskedthemtowritealettertotheartist,askinghowmuchitwouldcosttobuythegiraffe.Hewasverykindandgotitreadytodeliver(递送）insixweeks—allfornothing!ItwasexpectedtoarriveoneSundaymorning，sothatthepupilswouldseeitwhentheygottoschoolonMonday-atthattimetheyhadnoideathatweweregettingit。”Theartist，TomBennett，wasauniversityprofessorofchemistrybeforeheleftthatjobin2006andonlytookupmetalworkacoupleofyearsago。“I'vealwaysdrawnpictures,”hesaid.“Icanevenrememberdoingitonmyfirstdayatschool—Idrewahorse.Iwantedittobethebesthorsepictureever，butIdon'tthinkIsucceeded。”Tom’sfirstmetalworkwasabicyclefortwothatheandhiswifecouldgocyclingtogether.“Itwasthemostuncomfortablebikeevercreated，”hesaid,“soIgaveupmakingbicyclesandwentintosculptureinstead。”MeanwhilethepupilsatGrangetownHighareveryhappywiththeirnewclassmate。“We’regoingtoholdacompetitiontogiveitapropername，”saidonegirl.“Everyonelikestheexpressiononitsface，soperhapsthatwillgiveussomeideas。”eq\x(语篇解读一尊长颈鹿雕像的到来成了GrangetownHigh这所学校的一道亮丽的风景线。）1．Accordingtothetext，thegiraffe.A．wasastallasabasketballplayerB．wasgiventoGrangetownHighforfreeC．wassenttoGrangetownHighonMondayD．wasspeciallymadeforabasketballteam答案B解析细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句“Hewasverykindandgotitreadytodeliver（递送）insixweeks—allfornothing！"可知，这件长颈鹿雕塑作品是免费赠予GrangetownHigh学校的。故选B。2．WhenthepupilsgottoschoolonMonday，theyprobablyfelt.A．shy B．sadC．excited D．confident答案C解析推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可以推断出，周一学生们到校后，看到长颈鹿的雕像时应该会很兴奋。故选C。3．WhatcanwelearnaboutTomBennett?A．Heshowedinterestinartatanearlyage。B．Hewasgoodatdrawing，especiallyhorses。C．HevisitedGrangetownHighasaprofessor。D．Helearnedalotaboutsculptureatuniversity.答案A解析推理判断题。根据第三段中“‘I’vealwaysdrawnpictures，’hesaid。‘Icanevenrememberdoingitonmyfirstdayatschool。..’"可以推断出，他从小就对艺术感兴趣。故选A。4．What'sthemainideaofthetext？A．Itwasadifficultjobtonameagiraffe。B．TomBennettiswell.knownasasculptor.C．TheGrangetownGiraffesisastrongteam。D．AmetalgiraffearrivedatGrangetownHigh。答案D解析主旨大意题。本文主要讲述的是一尊长颈鹿雕像的到来成了GrangetownHigh这所学校的一道亮丽的风景线的故事。故选D.BHaveyoueverdreamedaboutclimbingMountEverest，whichis8，848metershigh?Ifso,you’renotalone。Everyyear，thousandsofpeopletrytoclimbtheworld’shighestmountainsorwalkacrossdeserts.Let’stakealookatsomeofthe21stcentury’sgreatestadventurers（冒险家）．EdStaffordEdStaffordfromtheUKisthefirstpersontowalkalongtheAmazonRiverfromthemountainsofPerutothemouthoftheriverinBrazil.Therearemanydangerousanimalsintherainforest，buthewasonlybittenbyantsandmosquitoes。Onhistrip，Edhadtofindfruitandnutsorcatchfisheachmorning。Heusedaradiotoaskthepeopleoftherainforestforfoodandhelp。Manypeoplecametomeethimandguidehimthroughtherainforest.Whilehewalked,Edwroteablogtotelltheworldaboutclimatechangeanddestruction（破坏）oftherainforest.GerlindeKaltenbrunnerGerlindeKaltenbrunnerfromAustriaisoneoftheworld'sgreatestclimbersandhasclimbedalltheworld’smountainsover8,000metres.It’sverydifficulttoclimbinthecoldweatherandstorms，butGerlindelovesit。NowshespendshertimeclimbingandhelpingacharityforpoorchildreninNepal。MeaganMcgrathSomeadventurersarealwayslookingforanewchallenge。MeaganMcgrathfromCanadahasclimbedmountains，riddenabikeacrossCanadaandrunracesinthedeserttoraisemoneyforthedisabled。ErikWeihenmayerErikWeihenmayerfromtheUnitedStateshasclimbedmountainsandriddenabikethroughdeserts。Amazingly，Erikisblindandhewantsotherblindpeopletohaveactivelivestoo。HehastakengroupsofyoungblindpeopleclimbinginNepal.eq\x(语篇解读本文主要介绍了世界上的四位伟大的冒险家。)5．WhathappenedonEdStafford’sJourney？A．Hereceivedgreathelpfromthelocals.B．Hewasattackedbydangerousanimals.C．Hestudiedfruitandnutsintherainforest.D．Hestoppedpeoplefromdestroyingrainforests。答案A解析细节理解题。根据EdStafford部分中的“Heusedaradiotoaskthepeopleoftherainforestforfoodandhelp。Manypeoplecametomeethimandguidehimthroughtherainforest.”可知,埃德·斯坦福德在旅途中得到了当地人的很多帮助。故选A.6．WhatcanwelearnaboutGerlinde?A．ShehasclimbedMountB．Shelivesbyclimbingmountains。C．Shehasclimbedallthehighmountains.D．Shedevoteshertimetoservingacharity.答案A解析推理判断题。根据GerlindeKaltenbrunner部分中的第一句“GerlindeKaltenbrunnerfromAustriaisoneoftheworld’sgreatestclimbersandhasclimbedalltheworld’smountainsover8，000metres.”可推知，她已经攀登过了珠穆朗玛峰.故选A。7．Whohastofacemorechallengeswhileadventuring?A．EdStafford。B．MeaganMcgrath.C．ErikWeihenmayer。D．GerlindeKaltenbrunner。答案C解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Amazingly，Erikisblindandhewantsotherblindpeopletohaveactivelivestoo.”可知，艾瑞克是一个盲人，他在冒险中将会遇到更多的挑战.故选C.8．Whatdothefouradventurershaveincommon?A．Theyarestrongandbravemen.B．Theyhavegreatinterestinclimbing。C．Theydosomethingthatbenefitssociety.D．Theyareprofessionalmountainclimbers。答案C解析推理判断题。根据对这四位冒险家的介绍可知，他们的举动都有利于社会.故选C。Ⅱ.语法填空（2018·河北唐山滦县二中高一期中）Anyonewhohashadalong。termdiseaseknowsthatrecoveringathomecanbelonely。Thiscanbe9。especially(especial)trueofchildren.Now，thesechildrenmayhaveahigh­techfriendtohelpfeellesslonely。Asmallrobotmayhelpchildrenwho10。arerecovering（recover)fromlong。termillnesses。Likehumanbeings，therobotgoestoschoolinsteadofthem。Throughtherobot，childrencanhear11.their(they)teachersandfriends。ChildrencanalsoattendclassesfromⅢ.短文改错(2018·山东宁阳一中高一期中）Myschoollifeisveryinterestingbutmeaningful.Iusuallygetupataquarterpastsix。AfterIwashhisface，IreadEnglishforabouthalfanhour。Ithinkwhatitisagoodhabit.Ialwaysgotoschoolbybike,toeatlunchatschoolandhaveashortsleepontheclassroom。Intheafternoonschoolisoverat5o’clock。Afterschool，Ioftenplaybasketballordosomeothersportontheplaygroundhappy。Iwenthomeataboutfiveforty.Havehadsupper，IwatchTVforwhile，andthenIdomyhomework。Igotobedatabout9：30pm。答案Myschoollifeisveryinterestingeq\f(but,and)meaningful。Iusuallygetupataquarterpastsix。AfterIwasheq\f（his，my）face，IreadEngli