英汉比喻之概念及比较

Lecture英汉比喻之概念及比较

比喻性词语是指比喻某事物的词词组句子1比喻的概念本体比喻词喻体tenorComparativewordsvehicle2比喻的功能

生动形象增强语言艺术表达效果“比喻”的英文表达MetaphorFigureofspeechComparison3汉语比喻的分类

明喻甲像乙暗喻甲是乙借喻甲代乙（陈望道“三分”法）英语中对应的比喻

Simile明喻甲像乙

Metaphor暗喻甲是乙

Metonymy借喻甲代乙

（胡曙中．英汉修辞比较研究）Simile(明喻)比喻词：likeoras,asif,asthough.

例：“Soareyoutomythoughtsasfoodtolife”(Shakespeare).Simile(明喻)Hedroveasifpossessedbythedevil.他着魔似的驾车狂奔。（直译）Ashardasarock坚如磐石（直译）Ascoolasacucumber非常冷静（意译）1.Therenowexistsakindofglasssosensitivetolightthat,likephotographicfilm,itwillrecordpicturesanddesigns.

现在有一种对光十分敏感的玻璃，它像胶卷一样能记录图像和图案。aslongasit'sbroad

半斤八两；结果一样

2.asclearascrystal

清如水晶Metaphor(隐喻、暗喻)implicitcomparison.例：(Shakespeare)“seaoftroubles”“theworld'sastage”2.Hehasaheartofstone.

他铁石心肠。3.HomecomingqueenIntheUS,lotsofschoolshavetheirhomecomingday,andtherewillbeahomecomingpartyonthatday.And,homecomingqueenisthemostexcellentfemaleparticipant.Intheshow,thecontestantwasdescribedbyhismomashomecomingqueenastheyhavesimilarqualities.It’sametaphor.4.RockthebellAbell,acup-shapedoneoranelectricalone,isrockedtomakeasoundasakindofsignal.Andhereinthiscontext,itisasignalofwinningthepermissiontoHollywood.Thisconnectsbellandpermission,itisametonymy.5.SavortheflavorSavor:tofullyenjoythetasteorsmellofsth,oratimeorexperienceThewordflavororiginallymeansthequalitythataffectsthesenseoftaste.Inthisshow,itreferstotheenjoyablefeelingtheaudiencearegoingtohavewhentheywatchthemass-electionshowsinMiami.It’sametaphorandthecommentatorwantedtoemphasizethattheshowsaretobewonderful.6.getschooledSchool:totrainorteachsbtohaveacertainskill,typeofbehavior,orwayofthinkingSchooloriginallymeansaplaceinwhichitsstudentsgeteducatedandinthissentence,itwasusedasaverbhavingthesamemeaningasteachandeducate.Thebasicreasonisaschool’sbasicfunction—toteach.It’sametonymy.

Metonymy（换喻、转喻）

甲代乙：closelyassociated.WashingtonfortheUnitedStatesgovernment北京————？“Thepen(words)ismightierthanthesword(forces).”

7.YoutellFox42,wewanttoseeyouatthefinal.theprincipalofFox42

你告诉福克斯42频道（的负责人），我们想让你做决赛的报道。

I’mreadingLuXun.LuXun----LuXun’sworksHeisLeiFeng.LeiFeng----LeiFeng’sspirit8.badass混球坏蛋

9.painintheass眼中钉10.haveabigheart野心勃勃例）ImaylookdarkbutIhaveabigheart.我外貌平平却野心勃勃。11.getonthegoodfoot直译：伸出最好的那一只脚意译：尽情的表现自我Eg:WhenAmericanswanttomakeagoodfirstimpressiononsomeone,they

trytoputtheirbestfootforward.(当美国人想要给某人良好的第一印象时，他们会表现较好的一面.)12.gooverthetop直译：超过限额意译：活力无限Eg:Theyounggooverthetop.(这群年轻人活力无限）4英汉比喻之比较

英汉比喻的相同英汉比喻的不同比喻相同

但人类对比喻的接受心理大体相同。这一共性使得人类对自身、对外界产生了一定的共识。示例处女作（maidenwork）生命线（lifeline）轻如鸿毛（aslightasfeather）花钱如流水(spendmoneylikewater)英汉比喻的差异

两种不同的语言，文化、思维方式①动物、②植物、③人物、④颜色、⑤宗教、⑥工具等设喻。历史因素宗教因素环境因素示例Loveme，lovemydog“redrag”meetone'sWaterloo

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