跨文化交际-黑龙江大学-崔常亮老师-chapter1-1

大学英语

跨文化交际Chapter1Culture黑龙江大学外语部

"IamnotanAthenian

oraGreek,

Iamacitizenoftheworld."

SOCRATES(469-399B.C.)

GreekPhilosopher

Learningobjectives:Inthischapter,studentswilllearnhowto:Understandconceptsconcerningculture.RecognizethenatureofcultureDescribethedefinitionsofculture.ChapterOutlineCultureAnthropologicalInterculturalFormation

Characteristics

SubcultureCo-cultureSubgroupTheNatureofCultureCulturalIdentityDefinitionDefinitionsLearnedDynamicPervasiveSociologicalIntegratedAdaptiveCultureswithinCultureCharacteristics

PsychologicalPartIBackground&Lead-in(10mins)Lead-inCase:

AnInterviewinIndiaReadthecaseandconsiderthequestionsintherightcolumn.1.Istheintervieweeproudofherculture?Why?2.WhatelsedoyouknowaboutIndianculture?3.IftheprogramproducercomestoChinatomaketheprogram,howdoyouthinkaChineseintervieweewillanswerthequestionsraisedbythehost?Trytorole-playitwithyourpartner.RELIGIONRELIGIONRELIGIONPartIIBody(40min-50min)TextA:TheNatureofCulture

CultureIsLikeanIcebergYouseetheportionabovewater,butperhapsnottheimportantparts.Architecture,art,Cooking,music,Language‥‥History,norms,values,beliefsaboutspace,nature,time‥‥ObjectiveSubjectiveCultureisOurSoftware

Software+hardware=computersculture+body=humansCultureisthebasicoperatingsystemthatmakesushuman.Wecanthinkofourphysicalselvesasthehardware,butwecannotbesaidtobehumanuntilweareprogrammedandeachofusisprogrammedbyourhomeculture.CultureisLiketheWater

aFishSwimsin

Fishnoticeseverythingexceptthewateritisswimmingin.Formostpeopleformostoftheirlives,cultureisjustlikethewaterafishswimsin.Theyaresoaccustomedtoitthattheytakeitforgranted,evenunawareofitsexistence.fish～water;human～cultureCultureistheGrammarofOurBehaviorCultureiswhatpeopleneedtoknowinordertobehaveappropriatelyinanysociety.

grammar(rules)+words=language

culture+individuals=society

Peopleusegrammarevenwithoutawareness,peopleuseculturalrulestobehaveproperlyalsoevenwithoutawareness.

Grammarismadeupofbasicpatterns,soisculture.TheNatureofCulture:Cultureislike...G_______S________I________W_______cebergaterafishswimsinDiagramFillingrammaroftware

WhatdoesawhitesarisymbolizeinIndia?AndintheWest?CUSTOMS:WHITEDRESS?

Caseanalysis:TheIndianwomenmightthinktheweddingceremonyisafuneraliftheyseethewesternbrideinwhitegown.Thecasereflectsthesimilesandmetaphorsinthetext.Cultureislikeaniceberg:wecanidentifythecolorofthedresswornbywomenindifferentcultures,butwedonotknowthevaluesunderneath.Cultureislikethewaterafishswimsin:peopleweardressofdifferentcolorsfordifferentcontextbuttheyusuallytakeitforgrantedandneveraskwhy.DEFINITIONSOF‘CULTURE’TextBAccordingtotheConciseOxfordDictionary,cultureis"theartsandothermanifestationsofhumanintellectualachievementregardedcollectively".KroeberandKluckhohndefinedcultureasfollows:“Cultureconsistsofpatterns,explicitandimplicit,ofandforbehavioracquiredandtransmittedbysymbols,constitutingthedistinctiveachievementofhumangroups,includingtheirembodimentsinartifacts;theessentialcoreofcultureconsistsoftraditionalideasandespeciallytheirattachedvalues”.AnthropologicalPerspective

从人类学角度定义文化文化由清晰和模糊的行为模式构成，这些模式通过符号获得并传播，这些符号由人类群体的特别成就构成，包括具体的人工制品。文化的基本核心由传统思想和与其相关的价值观构成。PsychologicalPerspective

GeertHofstede,ProfessorintheNetherlands,definedcultureas"thecollectiveprogrammingofthemindwhichdistinguishesthemembersofonecategoryofpeoplefromanother".从心理学角度定义文化：文化是使一个人类群体成员区别于其他人类群体的思维的总体规划。Accordingtothesocialscientists:“Cultureisdefinedasapatternoflearned,group-relatedperception—includingbothverbalandnonverballanguageattitudes,values,beliefsystem,disbeliefsystems,andbehavior”.从社会学角度定义文化：文化是一种可习得的、基于群体的认知模式——包括言语与非言语符号、态度、价值观、信仰和非信仰系统以及行为。SociologicalPerspective

InterculturalPerspective

“Cultureisasystemofsharedbeliefs,values,customs,behaviors,andartifactsthatthemembersofasocietyusetocopewiththeirworldandwithoneanother,andthataretransmittedfromgenerationtogenerationthroughlearning.”从跨文化交际学角度定义文化：文化是个人和群体在种族发展过程中所获得的知识、经验、信仰、价值观、行为、态度、阶级、宗教、时间观、角色、空间观、宇宙观和艺术品的集合。OURDEFINITIONOF‘CULTURE’Cultureisthedepositofknowledge,experience,beliefs,values,actions,attitudes,hierarchies,religions,notionsoftime,roles,spatialrelations,conceptsoftheuniverse,andartifactsacquiredbyagroupofpeopleinthecourseofgenerationsthroughindividualandgroupstriving.伦敦文化掠影

WHATDOTHEYREPRESENT?SYMBOLSPartIIITask(atleast10min)Fourdifferent