课用主语和表语从句Great

GrammarMembersoftheSentence主语：Subject谓语：Predicate表语：Predicative宾语：Object宾补：ObjectComplement定语：Attributive同位语：Appositive状语：Adverbial简单回顾：复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体，从句只用作句子的一个成分，不能单独成句。但它也有主语和谓语，一般由连接词引导。复合句：EnglishComplexSentencesAdverbialClauses(状语从句）AttributiveClauses（形容词性/定语从句）NounClauses（名词性从句）复合句分类：NounClausesSubject（主语）Object（宾语）Predicative（表语）Appositive（同位语）Clause（从句）名词性从句分类：定义:在句子中起名词作用的从句叫名词从句。作用:在复合句中作主语、表语、宾语和同位语。所以，名词性从句又可分为宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.

Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句SubjectClauses

主语从句(一)主语从句：句子的主语是由句子来充当的。主语从句一般位于句首。他要来参加会议使我们很兴奋。Thathewillcometoattendthemeetingtomorrow

makesusexcited.主语谓语主语从句概念Examples:1)Thathewillsucceediscertain.2)Whetherhewillgothereisnotknown.（是否）

Howwecanhelpthetwins

willbe

discussedatthemeeting.

(二)主语从句的使用1.我们所需要的是水。2.我们所需要的是有用的书。Whatweneed

iswater.Whatweneed

areusefulbooks.一:主语为从句时,谓语动词一般要用单数形式;但如果what引导的从句做主语代表复数概念(常可以从表语上看出)时,谓语动词则常用复数形式。重难考点连接词“三姐妹”语序问题很注意thatwhat要分清如何后置it帮忙ConjunctionsofSubjectClauses:连词连接代词连接副词what(ever),who(ever),whom(ever),whose,which(ever)that,whetherwhen,where,how,why,（状语）连接词“三姐妹”1．

引导主语从句的连接词有三类：

(1)

连词that、whether

：Whether

he’ll

come

here

isn’t

clear.

Thathewillsucceediscertain.WhetherIcanpassthedrivingtestremainsunknown.连词that和whether在主语从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用，that无词意，而whether意为“是否”。What

she

did

is

not

yet

known.Who

willwritethepoemhasnotbeendecidedyet.Whateverhedidisright.Whatcausedtheaccidentremainsunknown.注：连接代词和连接副词在主语从句中作成分，有词义，起连接作用。(2)

连接代词who(谁，主格),

whom(谁，宾格),

whose(谁的，定语),

what(什么，主宾语),

which(哪个),

whoever,

whatever,

whichever等

3)

连接副词

where(在哪里),

when(什么时候),

how(怎样，怎么，多么),

why(为什么)等。

How

this

happened

is

not

clear

to

anyone.

When

hewillbebackdependsontheweather.How

thepyramidswerebuiltisstillamystery.________themanImetyesterdayinthehospitalwasJim’sunclewasstillunknown.______sheoftenasksmeforhelpistrue._______youneedismorepractice._______shehadgoneisnotknownyet._______hediditisn’tquiteclear._______hedidtheDJperformancewithhisdeafearisunknowntous.______astonishedmemostwas_____shedidn’tevenknowJ.K.Rowling.WhetherThatWhatthatWhereWhy/whenHowWhat2.主语从句后置!

为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.

例:1.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.--It’scertainthatweshallbelate.2.Thattheearthisroundisknowntoall.--3.Thatyoumissedthechanceisapity.--Itisapitythatyoumissedthechance.It’sknowntoallthattheearthisround.用it作形式主语的结构(1)Itis＋名词＋从句

Itisafactthat…事实是…Itisanhonorthat…非常荣幸

Itiscommonknowledgethat…是常识(2)Itis＋形容词＋从句(多用should)Itisnaturalthat…很自然…Itisstrangethat…奇怪的是…(3)Itis＋不及物动词＋从句

Itseemsthat… 似乎…Ithappenedthat…碰巧…Itappearsthat…似乎…(4)Itis＋过去分词＋从句

Itisreportedthat…据报道…Ithasbeenprovedthat…已证实…Itissaidthat…据说…It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较

It作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如:Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilm.Itdoesn’tinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot.Itisinthemorningthatthemurdertookplace.ItisJohnthatbrokethewindow.what与that在引导主语从句时的区别what引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语、宾语、表语,而that则不然,即不担任成分。例如：Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.Thatsheisstillaliveisawonder.1．Itworriedherabit______herhairwasturnedgrey.A.whatB.thatC.ifD.for2．_____hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.A.WhatB.ThatC.ThefactD.Thematter3．_____wecan’tgetseemsbetterthan_____wehave.A.What/whatB.What/thatC.That/thatD.That/what4．_____causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.A.WhatB.ThatC.HowD.Where5．Acomputercanonlydo_____you’veinstructedittodo.A.howB.afterC.whatD.when

用主语从句完成句子1._____________________(她赢了这场比赛)madeusveryhappy.2.________________(所需要的)iscarefulpreparation.3.__________________________(她是否来)doesn’tmattertoomuch.4.Thathewillsucceediscertain.(用it句型改写)______________________________________5.Whyhedidthisisnotknown.(用it句型改写)______________________________________ThatshewonthegameWhatisneededWhethersheiscomingornot

Itiscertainthathewillsucceed.

Itisnotknownwhyhedidthis.

PredicativeClauses

表语从句如何判断表语：位于连系动词am,is,are,was,were,seem,look,taste,remain后的就是表语。。表语从句：在复合句中用作表语的从句是表语从句,引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样。基本结构为:主语+系动词+that从句。That’swhatweshoulddo.That’swhyIwanttoseeyou.表语从句的用法ExamplesThequestionis

whetherwecanrelyonhim.2.That’sbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.3.Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.4.That’swhyIwaslate.5.ThetroubleisthatIhavelosthisaddress.6.Thatwaswhatshetoldmethismorning.连接词：that/whether/as/asif/

asthough(if不引导表语从句)连接代词：who/whom/whose/which/what连接副词：when/where/why/how/

because注：主语从句的连接词都可用于表语从句

3.连接词ExamplesThequestionis

whetherwecanrelyonhim.2.That’sbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.3.Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.4.That’swhyIwaslate.5.ThetroubleisthatIhavelosthisaddress.6.Thatwaswhatshetoldmethismorning.1.because和why引导的表语从句1）That’sbecause…和That’swhy…

均是表语从句，区别在于“That‘sbecause…”指原因或理由，“That’swhy”则指由于各种原因所造成的结果。Hedidnotseethefilmlastnight.That’sbecausehehadtohelphislittlesisterwithherhomework.Hehadseenthefilmbefore.That’swhyhedidnotseeitlastnight.

注意2）Whatkilledhimintheaccidentwas_____hewastoocareless.Thereasonwhywedidn'ttrusthimis______hehasoftenlied．注意：what引导的主语从句表结果或reason做主语时，表语从句只能用that引导,不能用why或者because引导。意思为“原因是…”。句型结构为：Thereason(why…/for…)is/wasthat….

Thereasonisthat……Eg.Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrain.Thereasonwhyweputoffthemeetingwasthebadweather.thatthat3.Where,why,because,how等引导的从句作thisis和thatis的表语时,表示具体的地点,原因,方式等。如：

Thisiswhyweputoffthemeeting.Theproblemiswhereweshouldstay.5.使用虚拟语气的表语从句在表示建议、劝告、命令、请求、要求含义的名词后的表语从句，谓语动词需用“should+动词原形”表示，should可省略。常见的词有：advice，suggestion，order，proposal，request,plan，idea等。如：

Mysuggestionisthatwe（should）startearlytomorrow.Theirproposalisthatthey(should)buildanewfactoryintheirhometown.Thedemandisthatthecomposition(should)bewrittenononesideonly.Myadviceisthatwe(should)getmorepeopletoattendtheconference.

1.Whereshallwespendtheholidayisn’tdecided.2.Youhavemadeamistakeisafact.3.Thatiscertainthatwecanwin.4.Nomatterwholeavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.5.Ifthepolicemenwillcomeisnotcertain.weshallThatyouhaveItisWhoeverwhether改错练习1.whether与if

均为“是否”的意思但在下列情况下,whether不能被if

取代whether引导主语从句并在句首

Whetheritisgoingtorainisstillunknown.2)引导表语从句

Thequestioniswhetherheisgoingtocome.3)

whether从句作介词宾语Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughtime.4)

从句后有“or

not”

Pleasetellmewhetherornotyouagreewithhim.注意名词性从句改错1.Ifheisfitforthejobisunknowntoall.2.Thisisclearthatitismuchcoldertodaythanyesterday.3.That