大学综合教程第一册Unit1

Unit1

NeverSayGoodbyeTextComprehensionLanguageWorkNote-writingDictationTextComprehensionPre-readingMainideaThemeStructuralanalysisQuestionsExtensionPre-readingDescribingfeelings

—Haveyoueverbeenawayfromsomewhereorsomeone(somepeople)youlove?Howdidyoufeelwhenyouweregoingtobeawayfrom…forgood/forsometime?Howdidthewriterofthetextdescribehisfeelings(1)whenhewasgoingtomovefromthehousewherehehadlivedforalongtime?(2)whenhisgrandpadiedandlefthimforever?wassuddenlyconfrontedwith…(anguish…)(L1)

(sat)…alone(L4)shudder(ing)(L5)tearswelledupfrom(myheart/inmyeyes)(L5)lookedat…(theflower),notknowingwhattosay,…(L18)AllIcouldthinkofwasthat…(L30-31)Remembering…(Grandpa’swords),Ireacheddeepwithinmeforthosespecialfeelings(thathadmadeupourfriendship)/Itriedtobringbacktomymind…(thejoyandthehappinessthatIhadsharedwithhim).(L50-51)MainideaWhatisthisnarration/narrativetextabout?Thispieceofnarrationistheauthor’srecallofthemostimportantandunforgettableexperiences—hismovingfromanoldhouseandhisgrandpaleavinghimforeverwhenhewasbetween10and12.ThemeWhatisthemessageofthetext?/Whatdoestheauthorwantstotellusthroughthetext?Thetextconveysthemessagethatweshouldnevergiveintobitternessorsadness,thatweshouldalwaysbefirmandstrong-willed,andthatweshouldalwaysrememberthejoyfulandhappyeventsoflifeandcherishpeoplewelove.StructuralanalysisThestoryisrelatedinachronologicalorderwithaflashbackinthemiddlepart.

(1)Paras.1–4:theproblemtheauthorwasconfrontedwith—hardtoovercomethesadnessasthemomentofmovingfromtheoldhousedrewnear(2)Paras.5–13:theauthor’sgrandpa’snarrationofhissadexperienceofthelossofhiseldestsonduringthewartoillustratehowonecanovercomethesadfeelingresultingfromthelossofsomeonedeartohim—byrecallingnotthemomentofpartingbutthehappytimesspenttogether(3)Paras.14–20:thewaytheauthorbehavedwhenconfrontedwiththelossofhisgrandpaandhisunderstandingofwhathisgrandpahadtaughthimQuestionsParas.1–4:

1.Whywastheauthorseizedwiththeanguishofmovingfromhishome?2.Whatdoyouknowabouttheauthor’shomementionedinthebeginning?3.Whydidtheauthorshudderandshedtearswhenthefinaldaycame?4.Whydidhisgrandfatheradvisehimnottousetheword“goodbye”tofriends?

Paras.5–13:

5.Whydidtheauthor’sgrandfathertakehimtoseetherosebushinthefrontyard?6.Whatdidtheauthor’sgrandfathermeanbysaying“itisn’tjusttherosesthatarebeautiful,Billy.It’sthatspecialplaceinyourheartthatmakesthemso.”?7.Whydidtheauthor’sgrandfatherplantthoseroses?8.Whatkindofadvicedidtheauthor’sgrandfatherofferinPara.13?

Paras.14–20:9.Whydidtheauthor’sgrandfatherwanthisbedtobenexttothewindow?10.Whywasthefamilysummonedtotheoldhouse?11.Whatdoyouthinkofthepartingbetweentheauthorandhisgrandfather?12.Howdidtheauthorrespondtohisgrandfather’sdeath?

ExtensionFindapoem/song/storythatdescribesthefeelingsofpartingandshareitwithyourclassmates.LanguageWorkWordsandExpressionsSentencesGrammarWordsandExpressions

confront

anguish

shudder

well(up/out)

reston/upon/against

havesth.incommon

lookinto

giveinto

locksth.away

part

bringback

summonL1.

confront

v.

(1)tobefacedwithandhavetodealwith;meet面临，面对，遇到

e.g.

Wemustconfrontthefuturewithoptimism.Hepreparedanswerstothequestionsheexpectedtoconfrontduringtheinterview.*beconfrontedwith/by

面临，面对，碰上

e.g.

Theactresswasconfrontedbyalargegroupofreportersassheleftthestagedoor.

Customersareconfrontedwithabewilderingamountofchoice.Alltheprogramswillbeconfrontedwithgreatdifficultiesatthestart.

所有的项目刚开始时总会遇到很大的困难。*ifaproblem,difficultyetc.confrontssb.,itappearsandneedstobedealtwith出现在…面前（以任务、困难等名词作主语）

e.g.

Theproblemsconfrontingthenewgovernmentwereenormous.Newtasksnowconfronttheteachersandthestudents.(2)todealwithsomethingverydifficultorunpleasantinabraveanddeterminedway勇敢面对，对抗，正视

e.g.

Wetrytohelppeopleconfronttheirproblems.Theyhaveconfrontedtheproblemofterrorismwithgreatdetermination.

*confrontsb.withsth.:toforcesb.todealwithoracceptthetruthofsth.;bringfacetofacewith使不得不面对，使正视，使对质

(passive:beconfrontedwith)e.g.

Iconfrontedhimwithmysuspicions,andheadmittedeverything.Whenthepoliceconfrontedherwiththeevidence,sheadmittedthatshewasguilty.When(shewas)confrontedwiththeevidenceofherguilt,sheconfessed.

L1.anguish

n.verygreatpainandsuffering,esp.ofthemind（精神上的）极度痛苦

e.g.

Shewasinanguishoverhermissingchild.

Theanguishofnotknowingthetruthwasalmostunbearable.

Lear,abroken,confusedoldman,diedinanguish.

李尔王，这位身心交瘁、精神恍惚的老人在痛苦中死去。

*anguished

adj. An________lookappearedonherface.

anguishedL5.shudder

v.toshakeuncontrollablyforamoment发抖，颤抖，战栗

e.g.

Ishuddertothinkhowbigthebillwillbe.

IshudderwithterrorwheneverIthinkaboutit.

Sheshudderedatthesightofthedeadbody.

她一看到那具尸体就不寒而栗。

cf.shake

shudder:vi.Itsuggestsamoreintenseshaking,whichislessnoticeabletoanonlooker.

shake:vt.&vi.Itsuggestssth.thatisdonetoaswellasbyapersonorobject.

Peoplestill_______atthethoughtofthatterribleearthquake.Thetreebrancheswere_______inthatsuddengustofwind.shuddershakingL5.well

(up/out)

—tostarttoflow（液体）涌出

e.g.Bloodwelled(out)fromthecut.

Shewassomovedthattearswelled(up/forth/out)inhereyes.

*ifafeelingwellsorwellsupinyou,youstarttofeelitstrongly

e.g.

Sympathywelledupinherforhim.

Angerwelledupwithinhim.

L5.reston/upon/against—tofallon;toleanon;tobesupportedby搭着，靠着，支撑

e.g.

Restyourheadonmyshoulder.

Herestedhiselbowsonthetableandleanedforward.

Theirbikeswererestingagainstthewall.

Hishopesrestontheleader.

他的希望全寄托在领导者的身上。

Ourpolicyshouldrestonthebasisofself-reliance.

我们的政策要建立在自力更生的基础之上。L12.havesth.incommon—tosharethesamequalityorinterest有共同之处*incommon—sharedwithsomeoneelse;havingthesameinterest,attitudes,etc.共同的

e.g.

IfoundIhadalotincommonwiththesepeople.

Thetwogameshavemuch/nothingincommon.

IncommonwithmostyoungpeopleIhategettingupearlyinthemorning.

和大多数年轻人一样，我也讨厌一早起床。L13.lookinto

(1)tolookatsth.inacertaindirection朝某方向看

e.g.

Icrouchedbesidehimandlookedintohiswildeyes.

Itishelpfulforpupilsnottohavetolookintobrightlight.

非必要不要朝着亮光看对瞳孔是有好处的。(2)tofindoutabout;toexaminethemeaningorcausesof调查研究

e.g.

Policearelookingintothedisappearanceoftwochildren.

cf.L10.stareoffinto:stopwatchingsth.andlookatsth.elsesteadilyL32.givein(to…)—togiveway;tosurrender;toacceptthatyouaredefeated屈服（于…），（向…）投降

e.g.

Thetwoboysfoughtuntilonegaveintotheother.

Wewillnevergiveintoterroristdemands.

Shewasdeterminednottogiveintodespair.

cf.giveup

give

up:tostoptryingtodosth.

give

in:toadmitthatyouhavebeendefeatedbysb./sth.

L35.locksth.away—tolockup;toputinasafeplaceandfastenthelock;tokeepsth.secret把某物锁藏起来，封存起来

e.g.

Welockedallourvaluablesawaybeforewewentonholiday.

Makebackupcopiesofyourdata,andlockthemaway.

*locksth.awaywithinsb.—keepsth.inone’smindandneverforgetit

Youshouldnotshedtearsbutlockyoursorrowawaywithinyourself.

你不应当流泪，而应当把忧伤深埋心中。L36.part

v.tobenolongertogether;toseparate分开，分离，离别

e.g.

Ihopethatwepartasfriends/remainfriendsaswepart.

Thewarpartedmanymenfromtheirfamilies.

Thecrowdpartedtolethimthrough.

Theywerehardlyeverpartedinthirtyyearsofmarriage.

结婚这三十年间他们几乎从未分开过。

Nochildshouldbepartedfromhisparentsbyforce.

不应该强迫孩子与父母分开。

Thesunlightfloodedtheroomwhenhepartedthecurtains.

他拉开窗帘，屋里顿时充满了阳光。partfrom:toseparatefrom,togoawayfrome.g.Shehaspartedfromherhusband.(=Sheandherhusbandhaveparted.)Allofasuddenthefrontofthebuildingpartedfromtherestandfelllikeabreakingwaveintothestreet.

partwith:togivesth.tosb.elseunwillinglyortostophavingityourself（不情愿地）放弃，舍弃，出让

e.g.

Despitehispoverty,herefusedtopartwiththefamilyjewels.Themanpartedwithhisgoldmedaltopayforhisson’seducation.L37.bringback

—

to

makesb.remembersth.,tocausetoreturntomind使记起，使回忆起

e.g.

Hearingthesongbringsbacksomehappymemories.

Seeingheragainbroughtallsweetmemoriesback.

Thephotosbroughtbacksomewonderfulmemories.L41.summon

v.

(1)totellorrequestsb.tocome召唤，召集

e.g.

Hewassummonedto(attend)anemergencymeeting.

Summonthepupilstogetherintheschoolhall.

*summonameeting/conference—toarrangeforameetingtotakeplaceandorderpeopletocometoit

Hesummonedameetingofbusinessleaders.

(2)tomakeafeeling,anidea,amemory,eintoyourmind唤起，使想起

e.g.

Thebooksummonedupmemoriesofmychildhood.

(3)toforce(aparticularquality)tocomeasiffromdeepinsideoneself,inanattempttodosth.发挥出（某品性）来做某事，鼓起，鼓足…e.g.Theysummon(up)theircourageforthebattle.Ihadtosummon(up)allmynervetofacemyboss.Ican’tsummonupmuchenthusiasmfortheproject.L47.moveon(1)(toorder)togoawaytoanotherplace

（使）离开

e.g.“Comealong,sir,moveon,”saidthepoliceman.Thedrunkwasannoyingpeople,sothepolicemanmovedhimon.

(2)tochangetosth.differentornew

更换（话题，工作等）

e.g.

Ithinkwe’vetalkedaboutthatsubjectenough;let’smoveon.Ienjoyedmyjob,butitwastimetomoveon.Beforewemoveon,doesanyonehaveanyquestions?

Sentences(paraphrase/rewriting)L2-3.Mywholelife,briefasitwas,hadbeenspentinthatbighouse,gracefullytouchedwiththelaughterandtearsoffourgenerations.L20-21.It’sthatspecialplaceinyourheartthatmakesthemso.L22-23.Iplantedtheserosesalong,longtimeago—beforeyourmotherwasevenadream.L30-31.AllIcouldthinkofwasthatthelastthingIsaidtohiminhislifewasgoodbye.L32-33.Don’tevergiveintothesadnessandthelonelinessofthatword.Iwantyoutorememberinsteadthejoyandthehappinessofthosetimesofthatword.L34-36.Takethatspecialhelloandlockitawaywithinyou—inthatplaceinyourheartwheresummerisanalwaystime.L36-37.Whenyouandyourfriendsmustpart,Iwantyoutoreachdeepwithinyouandbringbackthatfirsthello.

L43.Whenitcametomyturn,Inotedhowtiredhelooked.L49-50.Iwasstandingbyhisrosebushwhenanunclecametotellmethatmygrandfatherhaddied.L50-51.RememberingGrandpa’swords,Ireacheddeepwithinmeforthosespecialfeelingsthathadmadeupourfriendship.L2-3.Mywholelife,briefasitwas,hadbeenspentinthatbighouse,gracefully

touchedwiththelaughterandtearsoffourgenerations.briefasitwas:althoughitwasbrief(short)

gracefully:inanattractivewaybetouchedwith:haveacertainamountofaqualitylaughterandtears:happinessandsadness,joysandsorrows

Ispentmychildhood,althoughitwassoshort,inthatbighouse,inwhichfourgenerationshadlivedharmoniouslyandexperiencedbothhappinessandsadness.

Ispentallmytime,althoughitwassoshort,inthatbighouse,whichhadseen/witnessedthejoysandsorrowsofthefourgenerationsofmyfamily.

L20-21.It’sthatspecialplaceinyourheartthatmakesthemso.Itis/was…that…:anemphaticstructure

Whatmakesthemsobeautifulisnothingbutthatspecialplaceinyourheart.

L22-23.Iplantedtheserosesalong,longtimeago—beforeyourmotherwasevenadream.

Iplantedtheserosesalong,longtimeago—beforewethoughtabouthavingadaughter/longbeforeyourmotherwasborn.L30-31.AllIcouldthinkofwasthatthelastthingIsaidtohiminhislifewasgoodbye.allIcouldthinkof:allthat/whatIcouldthinkofTheonlythingthatIcouldrememberwasthat,beforeheleftforthewar,Isaidgoodbyetohim,andthesewerethelastwordsIsaidtohiminhislife.

L32-33.Don’tevergiveintothesadnessandthelonelinessofthatword.Iwantyoutorememberinsteadthejoyandthehappinessofthosetimesofthatword.

Insteadofbeingovercomebythesadnessandthelonelinessofthatword,Iwantyoutorememberthejoyandthehappinessofthosetimesofthatword.

L34-36.Takethatspecialhelloandlockitawaywithinyou—inthatplaceinyourheartwheresummerisanalwaystime.

Rememberthatspecialhelloandkeepittoyourself/bearitinyourmind/fastenitfirmlyinyourmind/imprintitonyourmindsothatyouwillalwaysbefilledwiththejoyandhappinessofsummer.

Rememberthatspecialhelloandkeepitdeepinyourheartwherethereisalwayssunlightandwarmth/inyourheartwhichisalwaysfilledwithjoyandhappiness.

L36-37.Whenyouandyourfriendsmustpart,Iwantyoutoreachdeepwithinyouandbringbackthatfirsthello.

Whenyouandyourfriendsmustleaveeachother,Iwantyoutogettothebottomofyourheartandrecallthatfirsthello./…,Iwantyoutothinkdeeplyandrecallthefriendlyoccasionsonwhichyoumetyourfriendsandsaidhellotothemforthefirsttime.

L43.Whenitcametomyturn,Inotedhowtiredhelooked.

Whenitwasmyturn(tosaymygoodbye),Inoticedhowtiredhelooked.L49-50.Iwasstandingbyhisrosebushwhenanunclecametotellmethatmygrandfatherhaddied.use“when”tosaythatjustatacertaintimeaparticulareventsuddenlyoccurred（…正在此时，忽然…）:…(mainclauseindicatingacertaintime)+when…(adverbialclauseindicatingasuddenevent)

WhileIwasstandingbyhisrosebush,anunclesuddenlycametotellmethatmygrandfatherhaddied.

L50-51.RememberingGrandpa’swords,Ireacheddeepwithinmeforthosespecialfeelingsthathadmadeupourfriendship.

RememberingGrandpa’swords,ItriedtobringbacktomymindthejoyandhappinessthatIhadsharedwithhim.

Grammarsimplepast,pastprogressive,pastperfectverbsofperceptionspecialwordorderwithasandthoughpresentparticiplephrasesusedasadverbialssimplepast,pastprogressive,pastperfectsimplepasttense:verb+-edorirregularverbs

1)completedactioninthepast:

Iplantedtheserosesalong,longtimeago…(L22)Ayearandahalflater,mygrandfatherbecamegravelyill.(L38)2)habitsorfactsinthepast:

ItwasmywayofsayingthankyoutoGod.(L24)Iusedtowatchhimpickrosesforhismother.(L25)3)durationinthepast:

Foramomenthejuststaredoffintotheappletrees.(L10)4)pasttenseofverbssuchaswant,wonder,hopeisusedforpoliteinquiries.

Iwonderedhowyoulikedthefilm.

pastprogressivetense:was/were+v.-ing(presentparticiple)

1)interruptioninthepast:UsethePastProgressivetoindicatealongeractioninthepastthatwasinterrupted.

Iwasstandingbyhisrosebushwhenanunclecametotellme…(L49)

2)In1),describedabove,thePastProgressiveisinterruptedbyashorteractionintheSimplePast.However,youcanalsouseaspecifictimeasaninterruption.

Lastnightat6PM,Iwaseatingdinner.

*IntheSimplePast,aspecifictimeisusedtoshowwhenanactionbeganorfinished.InthePastProgressive,aspecifictimeonlyinterruptstheaction.Lastnightat6PM,Iatedinner.—Istartedeatingat6PM.Lastnightat6PM,Iwaseatingdinner.—Istartedearlier;andat6PM,Iwasintheprocessofeatingdinner.

3)parallelactions:twoormoreactionshappeningatthesametimeIwasstudyingwhilehewasmakingdinner.Theywereeatingdinner,discussingtheirplans,andhavingagoodtime.

4)atmosphere:aseriesofparallelactionstodescribetheatmosphereataparticulartimeinthepastWhenIwalkedintotheoffice,severalpeoplewerebusilytyping,someweretalkingonthephones,thebosswasyellingdirections,andcustomerswerewaitingtobehelped.Onecustomerwasyellingatasecretaryandwavinghishands.Otherswerecomplainingtoeachotheraboutthebadservice.

5)repetitionandirritationwith“always”:expressingtheideathatsomethingirritatingorshockingoftenhappenedinthepastIdidn’tlikethembecausetheywerealwayscomplaining.

6)“when”vs.“while”:“when”ismostoftenfollowedbytheSimplePast,whereas“while”isusuallyfollowedbythePastProgressive.Iwasstudyingwhenshecalled.WhileIwasstudying,shecalled.

pastperfecttense:had+v.pp.(pastparticiple)

1)hepast:Mywholelife,briefasitwas,hadbeenspentinthatbigoldhouse,…(L2)Isawmygrandfather’stears.Ihadneverseenhimcrybefore.(L26)…anunclecametotellmethatmygrandfatherhaddied.(L49-50)Ireacheddeepwithinmeforthosespecialfeelingsthathadmadeupourfriendship.(L50-51)Iknewwhathehadmeataboutneversayinggoodbye…(L51-52)2)hepast:

Wehadhadthatcarfortenyearsbeforeitbrokedown.Theyfeltbadaboutsellingthehousebecausetheyhadowneditformorethanfortyyears.

3)alackofexperienceratherthananactionataspecifictime:thePastPerfectshouldbeusedratherthanthesimplepast.

ShehadneverseenabearbeforeshemovedtoAlaska.√SheneversawabearbeforeshemovedtoAlaska.×Practice:GrammarexercisesI.,II.,III.

verbofperception+object+infinitivewithoutto(astheobjectcomplement)1)SuddenlyIfeltahandrestonmyshoulder.(L5-6)2)Iusedtowatchhimpickrosesforhismother.(L25)3)Ihadneverseenhimcrybefore.(L26)cf.4)Ilookeduptoseemygrandfather.(L6)5)Iseesomethingsoftandbeautiful,Grandpa.(L18-19)6)Isawmygrandfather’stears.(L26)verbsofperception

Verbsofperceptionareasetofverbsdenotingtheuseofoneofthephysicalsenses.Someverbsofperceptionsee,lookat,hear,listen,andfeel,alongwithwatchandsensecanbeusedwithobjectsfollowedbyverbsin-ingform,-edformandinfinitive(withoutto)form.

Iheardhimshoutatherjustnow.(emphasisonmyhearing)IheardhimshoutingatherwhenIpassedhisoffice.(emphasisonhisshouting)Johnhasneverheardthepieceplayedbefore.(emphasisonthepassivevoiceofplay)

*infinitivewithtoinpassive:Shewasseentodanceinthegarden.

(Wesawherdanceinthegarden.)*Practice:GrammarexercisesIV.Inanadverbialclauseofconcession(concessiveclause)introducedbythoughoralthough,thecomplementortheadverbialcanbeplacedatthebeginningofthesentence.Theformulafortheinversionis:

complement/adverbial+as/though+subject+predicateverbor:adj./adv.+as/though+n.+predicateverb

v.+as/though+n.+auxiliaryverb

Mywholelife,briefas/thoughitwas,hadbeenspentinthatbigoldhouse.(L2-3)Unlikelyas/thoughitmightseem,I’mtiredtoo.Tryas/thoughshemight/Hardas/thoughshetried,Suecouldn’tgetthedooropen.

*Practice:GrammarexercisesV.specialwordorderwithasandthough

PresentparticiplephrasesusedasadverbialsPresentparticiplephrasescanbeusedasadverbialstoexpressreason,condition,time,resultandattendingcircumstances.

Turningaround,shesawanambulancedrivingup.(time)KnowingEnglishwell,hecanreadShakespeare.(reason)Workingstillharder,youwillsucceed.(condition)Theircarwascaughtinatrafficjam,thuscausingthedelay.(result)Hesatatthewindoweating.(attendingcircumstances)

ing-clauseindicatingattendingcircumstances

…Irantothehavenofthesmallbackporchandsatalone,shuddering,astearswelledupfrommyheart.(L4-5)Ilookedattheflower,notknowingwhattosay,…(L18)RememberingGrandpa’swords,Ireacheddeepwithinmeforthosespecialfeelingsthathadmadeupourfriendship.(L50-51)*Practice:GrammarexercisesVI.1)_________________,theteachercameintothehall.2)___________theteacher,thechildrencameintothehall.3)____________theyoungpeople,theelderlywomanfeltveryhappy.4)Shestoodthereformorethananhour,________thematplay.5)_________________theotherday,Isawabirdbuildinganest.6)Heputthebigboxdownonthefloor,________heavilyand_______exhausted.LeadingthechildrenBeingledbyBeing

amongwatchingWalkinginthepa