高三非谓语动词专题讲解

非谓语动词专题成分形式主语宾语补语表语定语状语不定式√√√√√√动名词√√

√√√现在分词

√√√√过去分词

√√√√非谓语动词专题一、不定式：一般式的构成:_______；（被动）_______完成式的构成:_______；（被动）_____进行式的构成:_____________1、ThecrowdcheeredwildlyatthesightofLiuXiang,whowasreported_________(break)theworldrecordinthe110-meterhurdlerace.2、Manybuildingsinthecityneedrepairing,buttheone__(repair)firstisthelibrary.todo

；tobedone

；tohavedone

；tohavebeendone

；tobedoing；tohavebroken；toberepaired非谓语动词专题

1.不定式作主语

不定式短语可直接放在句首作主语，有时用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，以避免头重脚轻，保持句子结构的平衡。

TostudyEnglishtodayisthemostimportanttasktome.

Itismyhonorheretobeinvitedtospendsometimewithyou.2.不定式作表语

不定式作表语,通常说明或解释主语的内容，也可表示将来的动作。

Todaymyjobistowateralltheflowersinthegarden.

Thepurposeofnewtechnologyistomakelifeeasier,nottomakeitmoredifficult.非谓语动词专题3.不定式作宾语常接不定式做宾语的动词有：afford，arrange，want,wish,hope,expect,agree,decide,learn,pretend,ask,promise,plan,refuse,help,dare,determine,decline,fail,manage,beg,demand,offer,prepare,claim,struggle,choose,elect,undertake,seek,attempt,volunteeretc.

1、Weagreed____(meet)here,butsofarhehasn’tturnedupyet.

2、Whenhisfathercameback,theboypretended_(do)hishomework.

3、ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle_(hear).tomeet

;tobedoing;tobeheard.非谓语动词专题4．不定式作宾补

(1)如下动词(短语)常跟带to的不定式作宾补：get,remind,want,wish,ask,tell,order,command,instruct,request,beg,permit,allow,help,advise,persuade,prepare,invite,cause,force,callon,waitfor,counton,relyon,dependon,wouldlike等。Wecan’tcountonamanlikeJim______(give)usthenecessaryhelp.

但hope,suggest,agree,demand,arrange,approve等动词后不能接sbtodosth.结构(2)一些感官动词和使役动词：feel,hear,listento,make,let,have,see,watch,notice,observe,lookat等与不带to的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，要加to,如：Isawhimcrosstheroad.-Hewasseen____theroad.togivetocross非谓语动词专题5.不定式作定语（1）不定式用在thefirst,thesecond,thelast,theonly等短语后面。Johnwasthelastman______________(invite)todinnerinourfamily.（2）不定式作定语，与被修饰的中心名词之间常表现为主谓或动宾关系Thenexttrain____________(arrive)wasfromNewYork.（主谓关系）

Itwasagame__________________(remember).（动宾关系）注意：不定式为不及物动词时，应有必要的介词，Thechild__________________________________(没什么可担忧的).

tobeinvite

toarrive

toberemembered

hasnothingtoworryabout非谓语动词专题

如果不定式修饰time,place,way，可以省略介词：Ithinkthebestwaytotravel(by)isonfoot.Thereisnotimetothink(about).Hehasnoplace_________________

(住).Thisisthebestway_____________________(解这道题).

tolive

(in);

tosolvetheproblem

非谓语动词专题6.不定式作状语1）表目的：不定式作目的状语，inorderto既可放句首也可放句中。soasto一般不放句首。

注意不定式作状语时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：

(T/F)：Tosavemoney,everymeanshasbeentried.

(T/F)：Tosavemoney,hehastriedeverymeans.

WithFather’sDayaroundthecorner,Ihavetaken

somemoneyoutofthebanktobuypresentsformy

dad._____________not____losehisjob,Tomkeptquietabouttheaccident.

F;T;Inorder

to

非谓语动词专题2)表原因：

Wewereastonished___(find)thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.

这种结构中常用的形容词有：happy,glad,delighted,pleased,sorry,eager,anxious,lucky,fortunate,proud,angry,surprised,frightened,disappointed,ready,clever,foolish,worthytofind非谓语动词专题3)表结果：具体形式是：too+adj./adv.+todo

太……而不能……adj./adv.+enough+todo足以……only/justtodo表示出乎意料的结果so……asto……如此……以致于……Hearrivedlate_____________________(发现火车走了).Doyouthinkyouarebraveenoughtotrybungeejumping?It'stoodarkforustoseeanything.

onlytofindthetraingone

非谓语动词专题4)用于“主语+be+形容词+不定式”结构。形容词有：easy,difficult,hard,comfortable,fit,convenient,pleasant等，不定式与句子的主语是动宾关系，不定式常用主动形式。Thearmchairisverycomfortable___(坐).tositin

非谓语动词专题7.不定式的省略。

下列短语中，如果意义明确，常常省略到to。（wantto,wishto,hopeto,liketo,hateto,planto,tryto,loveto,haveto,oughtto,needto,usedto,beableto,beglad/happyto）但to后be,have不省。Ifyoudon'twanttodoit,youdon'tneedto.Heisnotateachernow,butheusedtobe.非谓语动词专题（二）动名词：

动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。

1、动名词的形式（doing,beingdone,havingdone,havingbeendone）(1)一般式：Seeingis______(眼见为实).(2)被动式：Hecametotheparty_____(未被邀请).(3)完成式：Weremembered____(看过这部电影).(4)完成被动式：Heforgot___________________(take)toGuangzhouwhenhewasfiveyearsold.believing

;

withoutbeinginvited

;havingseenthefilm

;havingbeentaken非谓语动词专题(5)否定式：__notdoing/nothavingdone__Iregret_____________我后悔没听他的劝告.(6)复合结构：所有格/宾格+动名词(作主语只能用所有格)Hesuggested_________(我们再试)itonceagain._______________(他不懂英语)troubledhimalot.nothavingfollowedhisadvice;our/ustrying;HisnotunderstandingEnglish非谓语动词专题2、动名词的句法功能：（1）作主语：_________________(朗读)isveryhelpful.

当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。It's___________________（争吵是没用的）.（2）作表语：Intheantcity,thequeen'sjobis

_______________________(产卵).（3）作宾语：Theyhaven'tfinished__________(建好大坝).Wehaveto____________(阻止空气被污染)Readingaloud

;

nousequarrelling;laying

eggs

; buildingadam

preventtheairfrombeingpolluted;非谓语动词专题如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：mind,enjoy,finish,suggest,avoid,excuse,delay/postpone,imagine,keep,miss,consider,admit/acknowledge,deny(否认),permit,forbid,practise,risk,escape,appreciate,mention,understand,dislike,fancy,tolerate,bebusy,beworth,feellike,can'tstand,can'thelp/resist,thinkof,dreamof,befondof,setabout,beengagedin,keep/stop/prevent…from…,spend/waste…(in),succeedin,beused/accustomedto,lookforwardto,objectto/beopposedto,payattentionto,keepon,devote/dedicate…to,belimited/restrictedto,becommittedto…

1|.Hedidn’tfeellike__(read),soshesuggested_____(practicewrite)anEnglishletterrightaway.2.Thesquirrelwassoluckythatitjustmissed__(catch).reading;practicingwriting;beingcaught;非谓语动词专题下列动词后跟不定式与跟动名词作宾语意义有区别：forgettodo…忘记要做某事 forgetdoing…忘记做了某事remembertodo…记住要做某事 rememberdoing…记得做了某事meantodo…有意要做某事 meandoing…意味着做了某事regrettodo…对要做的事表示后悔regretdoing…对做过去的事后悔can’thelptodo…不能帮助做某事 can’thelpdoing…情不自禁做某事非谓语动词专题stoptodo…停下来去做（另一件事） stopdoing…停止做某事goontodo…接着做（另外一件事） goondoing…继续做某事usedtodo…过去做某事 beusedtodoing…习惯做某事beafraidtodo...不敢做某事beafraidofdoing...害怕做某事trytodo…尽力去做某事 trydoing试着做某事非谓语动词专题（4）作定语：(说明被修饰名词的用途)Hecan'twalkwithout________________(拐杖).Isthere_______________inyourschool(游泳池)?awalkingstick

;aswimmingpool非谓语动词专题3、常用句型：1)There’snotellingwhatwillhappen.

=It’simpossibletotellwhatwillhappen.

=Noonecantellwhatwillhappen.2)It’snousetalkingwithhim.

It’snogoodspeakingtothemlikethat.3)There’ssomedifficulty(in)doing…

在此句型中,difficulty可以由以下单词替换:trouble,problems,fun,agoodtime,ahardtime4)Thereisnopoint(in)doingsth非谓语动词专题4、动名词主动形式表被动的情况：need/want/require/deservedoing

=~tobedone例如：Thisroom_____________________（这个房间需要粉刷）needspainting/~tobepainted非谓语动词专题三、现在分词：现在分词既具有动词的一些特征，

又具有形容词和副词的功能。1、现在分词的形式：（doing,beingdone,havingdone,havingbeendone）否定式：not+现在分词（1）doing表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生havingdone表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语。例如：Theywenttothepark,____________________(边唱边说).

________________________________(做完作业),heplayedbasket-ball.

singingandtalking;Havingfinishedhishomework非谓语动词专题（2）beingdone表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，havingbeendone表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。

Theproblem________(discuss)nowisveryimportant.___________,thenaughtyboymadethesamemistake.被告诉了好几遍，这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误。being~ed;Havingbeentoldseveraltimes非谓语动词专题2、现在分词的句法功能：（1）作定语：现在分词作定语，当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语做定语放在名词后。Inthe_______years(=Intheyears_____)(后来的几年中)heworkedevenharder.Theman________(=______________)isourmonitor'sfather.正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。following

;thatfollowed

;talkingtoourteacher;whoistalkingtoourteacher非谓语动词专题注意：动名词作定语与现在分词作定语意义有区别。动名词作定语表示名词的用途；

现在分词作定语表示正在进行的动作如：asleepingcar=acar__________(动名词)arunninghorse=ahorse______(现在分词)forsleeping;whichisrunning

非谓语动词专题（2）现在分词作表语（令人……的）：Thepresentsituationisinspiring.

当前的形势鼓舞人心。注意：现在分词、动名词、现在进行时的区别Thesituationinourcountryisencouraging.(________)Thesituationinourcountryisencouragingthepeople.(__________)Myjobislookingafterthelittlebaby.(_______)现在分词;现在进行时;动名词非谓语动词专题（3）作宾语补足语：如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语：see,watch,hear,feel,find,get,keep,notice,observe,listento,lookat,leave,catch等。例如：Canyouhearher________(在隔壁唱歌)?

Hekeptthecar________(在门口等着).singingnextdoor

;waitingatthegate非谓语动词专题（4）现在分词作状语：①作时间状语：(While)_____________(在工厂工作时),hewasanadvancedworker.②作原因状语：__(由于是共青团员),heisalwayshelpingothers.③作方式状语，表示伴随：Hestayedathome,_____________(又擦又洗).④作条件状语：(If)_________(要是整天玩),youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.Workinginthefactory

;BeingaLeaguemember;cleaningandwashing

;Playingalldaylong非谓语动词专题⑤作结果状语：Hedroppedtheglass,__________(结果摔得粉碎).⑥作目的状语：He_________theotherday.

几天前他去游泳了。⑦作让步状语：_______________________(虽然雨下得很大),itclearedupverysoon.breakingintopieces;wentswimming;Thoughrainingheavily

非谓语动词专题⑧与逻辑主语构成独立主格：___(如果时间允许),we'lldoanothertwoexercises._(所有的票已卖光了),theywentawaydisappointedly.

有时也可用with(without)+名词（代词宾格）+分词形式____________,hefellasleep.他点着灯睡着了。⑨作独立成分：____________(从外表看),hemustbeanactor.____________(一般说来),girlsaremorecareful.Timepermitting

;Alltheticketssoldout;(With)thelightsburning

;Judgingfrom/byhisappearance

;

Generallyspeaking非谓语动词专题四、过去分词：1、过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求，要一一记住。

非谓语动词专题2、过去分词的句法功能：1)过去分词作定语：

Ourclasswenton____________________(有组织的旅行)lastMonday.Those__________________________(当选为委员的人)willattendthemeeting.注意:当过去分词是单词时，一般用于名词前，如果是过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。

anorganizedtrip

electedascommitteemembers非谓语动词专题2)过去分词作表语：

Thewindowis____________(破了).Theywere_____________________________.

他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。注意：1、现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别：Thenewsisinteresting.(_

客观/性质__)Heisinterestedinthenews.(_主观/特征_2、表语与被动式的区别：TheblackboardwasbrokenbyXiaoMing.（强调_动作）

Theblackboardisbroken.You’dbetterhaveit

repaired.（强调____状态__）

broken

frightenedatthesadsight非谓语动词专题3、常作表语的过去分词：amused,injured,covered,known,dressed,lost,broken,gone,delighted,excited,pleased,satisfied,married,worried,surprised,interested,burnt,shut,crowded,wounded,done4、有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的，不表示被动，只表示完成。如：

boiledwater

开水 fallenleaves

落叶newlyarrivedgoods

新到的货

therisensun

升起了的太阳thechangedworld

变了的世界这类过去分词有：gone,come,fallen,risen,changed,arrived,returned,passed等。非谓语动词专题3)过去分词作宾语补足语:(get/havesth.done;makeoneselfdone)Iheardthesong__________________(被唱了好几次)lastweek.有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语：_______________(工作做完了),theywentouttoplay.4)过去分词作状语：________________________(受到邻居们的表扬),hebecametheprideofhisparents.___________(一旦被看见),itcanneverbeforgotten._________________________(如果给予更多的时间),I'llbeabletodoitbetter._____________________________(虽然被告之有危险),hestillriskedhislifetosavetheboy.

sungseveraltimes；

Withtheirworkfinished/done

Praisedbyhisneighbours

Onceseen

Givenmoretime

Thoughtold/informedofdanger非谓语动词专题注意事项：1、分词与不定式做状语的区别：

分词做状语表示时间、原因、让步、条件、方式、伴随等；而不定式常表示目的和结果。Havingfinishedthehomework,Iwenthome.

（时间）BeingaPartymember,Ishouldworkhard.

（原因）Givenmoretime,Icandomyworkbetter.（条件）Heranoutoftheclassroom,shoutingattheboy.

（伴随）Togetmoreknowledge,wemustworkharderandharder.

(目的)Heisoldenoughtojointhearmy.（结果）非谓语动词专题2、分词、动名词和不定式作定语的区别arunninghorse_____=ahorsethatisrunningafallenleaf________=aleafthathasalreadyfallenawalkingstick_________=astickforwalkingsomethingtodo=somethingthatistobedone3、tobedone/done/beingdone做定语的区别：Ihaveaproblem_____________(discuss)atthemeeting.Thebuilding________(build)nowontheriveristheScienceMuseum.Thebuilding_