仁爱版初中英语讲义九年级教学被动语态讲解及总结练习

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被动语态

一、导入

孩子弄的大人没性情

儿子问老公：张飞他妈姓什么？

老公：不知道。

儿子：笨，姓吴，惹是生非（吴氏生飞）都不知道。

儿子再问：张飞他爸姓什么？

老公考虑半天，猛拍脑门：姓惹，惹祸生非！

儿子狂笑：笨死了！姓张！你不跟你爸姓呀。

二、（1）专题讲解

☆专题1：被动语态

1、语态归纳

我吃了一个苹果，那此刻苹果如何了？苹果被我吃了。正如汉语中的被字句，英语中的“被字句”我

们称之为被动语态。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。英语的语态是经过动词形式的变化表现出

来的。

2、五种基本句型结构之一：

主+谓+宾

E.g:Ieatanapple.

Tomplaysbasketball.

（注:在“主+谓+宾”结构中，主语是动作的履行者，宾语是动作的承受者。）

3、被动语态谓语结构：bedone（过去分词）

1.主动语态：主语是动作的履行者

e.g.：ManypeoplespeakChinese.

2.被动语态：主语是动作的承受者

e.g.：Chineseisspokenbymanypeople.被动语态变化模式如图：Theymakethebikesinthefactory.

Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.

4、被动语态的使用状况：

1）、当不知道谁是动作的履行者时；

Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑

是谁偷的)

2）、没有必需或不想指出谁是动作的履行者时；

Thedoorwasopened.（没有必需指出谁是动作的履行者）

3)、只要重申动作的承受者时。

Thewindowwasbrokenbymike.窗户是迈克打破的。

5、各种时态的被动语态结构:bedone(总结构)

时态主动语态被动语态一般此刻时do\doesam\is\are+done一般过去时didwas\were+done此刻进行时am\is\are+doingam\is\are+being+done过去进行时was\were+doingwas\were+being+done一般未来时will+dowillbe+done此刻完成时have\has+donehave\has+been+done有神态动词神态动词+do神态动词+be+done6、主动语态变被动语态步骤：

判断时态：思虑这类时态的被动语态结构。

2主变宾：主动语态句子中的宾语变被动语态句子中的主语（同时宾变主）。3.谓动变被动：把谓语动词变为被动结构（be+done）4.主语放by后，主格变宾格：把主动语态中的主语放在介词by（被）今后，将主格变为宾格。e.g.：1、Allthepeoplelaughedathim.Hewaslaughedatbyallpeople.

2、Hecutsdownatree

Atreeiscutdownbyhim.

3、Iameatinganapple.

Anappleisbeingeatenbyme.

4、TheygrowriceinSouthChina.

RiceisgrowninSouthChina.

5、Theywilldotheirhomeworktomorrow.

Theirhomeworkwillbedonebythemtomorrow.

7、含有神态动词的被动语态

含有神态动词的主动句变为被动句时，由“神态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，本来带to的神态动词变为

被动语态后“to仍”要保存。

（歌诀是：神态动词变被动，神态加

be，加“过分”。）

e.g：1.Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.

Thiswatchcanberepairedbyusintwodays.

2.Hemustfinishthisworksoon.

?Thisworkmustbefinishedbyhimsoon.

3.Weshouldplanttreesinspring.

Treesshouldbeplantedbyusinspring.初中阶段可用于被动语态的神态动词有：can（bedone）

可以被

may（bedone）

可以能被

must（bedone）

必然被

need（bedone）

需要被

should（bedone）

应当被

三、汉语中含有“听闻”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时。比方：

Itissaidthatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouseand

ItwasreportedthathermotherdiedofSARS.

尽人皆知Itiswellknownthat

据推测说Itissupposedthat

三、汉语中含有“听闻”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时。比方：

Itissaidthatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouseand

ItwasreportedthathermotherdiedofSARS.

尽人皆知Itiswellknownthat

据推测说Itissupposedthat

四、汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。

比方：

TinaisaskedtocomebyPaul．

Tina是被Paul叫来的。

五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。比方：

HewasborninOctober，1989．

四、牢固练习

一、单项选择：

()1.Theflowers___often.?A.mustbewater?B.mustbewatered??C.mustwatered?D.mustwater()2.Thebooksmay___fortwoweeks.A.bekept??B.beborrowed??C.keep??D.borrow()3.Thebrokenbike____herebyMrSmith.?A.canmend?B.canmended?C.canbemend?D.canbemended()4.Nowthesemagazines________inthelibraryforalongtime.A.havekeptB.arekeepingC.havebeenkeepingD.havebeenkept()5.Thepot___for___hotwaterA.used;keepingB.wasused;keepingC.isused;tokeepD.areused;keep(

(

(

)6.Tea___inthesouthofChina.

A.growsB.isgrown

)7.Thebridges___twoyearsago.

A.isbuiltB.built

)8.Thebike___500yuan.

A.wascostB.costed

C.weregrown

C.werebuilt

C.cost

D.willgrow

D.wasbuilt

D.iscosted

(

)9.--Kategotherdriver’slicenseyesterday.

--Ithink15-year-olds_______drive.Theyarenotcalmenough.

A.shouldbeallowednottoB.shouldallowto

(

C.shouldn’tbeallowedtoD.shouldbeallowedto

)10.ThePeople'sRepublicofChina__onOctober1,1949.??

A.found?B.wasfoundedC.isfounded?D.wasfound

五、拓展训练

一、将以下主动句变换成被动句

Theteachertoldhimnottowastetimeonplayingcomputergames.

______________________________________________________

Theworkersarebuildinganewrailwaybetweenthetwocities.?

______________________________________________________

Theyshoulddoitrightnow.

______________________________________________________

TheynamedtheboyJohnson.

_______________________________________________________

Themonsterletthelittlegirlcleanthecave.

______________________________________________________

.6.eopleinthetownlaughatMikeforhisfancydress.

_______________________________________________________7.Wecan’tdoitinoneday.

_________________________________________________________

8.Youngpeoplemusttakegoodcareofoldpeople

_________________________________________________________

当堂过手训练(快练五分钟，稳准建奇功！)

一、单项选择：

()1.English____inCanada.?A.speaks?B.arespokenC.isspeaking?D.isspoken()2.ThisEnglishsong___bythegirlsafterclass.A.oftensings?B.oftensang?C.isoftensang?D.isoftensung()3.Thiskindofcar___inJapan.?A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade()4.Newcomputers___allovertheworld.?A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused()5.Ourroommust___clean.?A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep()6.Doctors___ineverypartoftheworld.?A.need??????B.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed()7.Hisnewbook___nextmonth.AwillbepublishedB.ispublishingC.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpublished()8.Japanese___ineverycountry.?A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking()9.Thesepapers___yet.

A.havenotwritten

B.havenotbeenwritten

C.hasnotwritten

D.hasnotbeenwritten

初中英语不规则动词表

1.AAA动词原形过去式过去分词cost[k?st]cost[k?st]cost[k?st]开支cut[k?t]cut[k?t]cut[k?t]割，切hurt[h?:t]hurt[h?:t]hurt[h?:t]受伤hit[hit]hit[hit]hit[hit]打，撞let[let]let[let]let[let]让put[put]put[put]put[put]放下read[ri:d]read[ri:d]read[ri:d]读set[set]set[set]set[set]安排，部署spread[spred]spread[spred]spread[spred]张开，流传，涂spit[spit]spit/spat[spit]spit/spat[spit]吐痰,shut[??t]shut[??t]shut[??t]关上,闭起,停止营业2.ABB动词原形过去式过去分词beat[bi:t]beat[bi:t]beaten['bi:tn]战胜3.ABA动词原形过去式过去分词become[bi'k?m]became[bi'keim]become[bi'k?m]变come[k?m]came[keim]come[k?m]来run[r?n]ran[[r?n][r?n][r?n]]run[r?n]跑4.ABB（1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d,t或ed构成过去式或过去分词。动词原形过去式过去分词burn[b?:n]burnt[b?:nt]burnt[b?:nt]燃烧deal[di:l]dealt[delt]dealt[delt]解决dream[dri:m]dreamed/dreamtdreamed/dreamt[dremt]做梦hear[hi?]heard[h?:d]heard[h?:d]听见hang[['h??]['h?hanged/hung[h??]hanged/hung绞死，悬挂?]['h??]['h??]]learn[l?:n]learned/learnt[l?:nt]learned/learnt[l?:nt]light['lait]lit/lighted[lit]lit/lighted[lit]mean[mi:n]meant[ment]meant[ment]prove[pru:v]provedproven/proved['pru:v?n]shine[?ain]shone/shinedshone/shined[??un,??n]show[??u]showedshowed/shown['??un]smell[smel]smelled/smelt[smelt]smelled/smelt[smelt]speed[spi:d]sped[sped]/speededsped/speeded[sped]spell[spel]spelled/spelt[spelt]spelled/spelt[spelt]wake[weik]waked/woke[w?uk]waked/woken['w?uk?n]

学习

点燃,照亮

意思

证明,证明,试验

使照射，使发光

展现,给...看

闻,嗅

加快

拼写

醒来，叫醒,激发

（2）把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d改”为“t”构成过去式或过去分词。动词原形过去式过去分词build[bild]built[bilt]built[bilt]建筑lend[lend]lent[lent]lent[lent]借给rebuild[,ri:'bild]rebuilt[,ri:'bilt]rebuilt[,ri:'bilt]改建,重修send[send]sent[sent]sent[sent]送spend[spend]spent[spent]spent[spent]开支3）原形→ought→ought

动词原形过去式过去分词bring[[bri?][bri?][bri?][brought[br?:t]brought[br?:t]带来bri?]]buy[bai]bought[b?:t]bought[b?:t]买fight[fait]fought[f?:t]fought[f?:t]打架think[[θi?k][θi?k][θi?k]thought[θ?:t]思虑,想[θi?k]]thought[θ?:t](4)原形→aught→aught动词原形过去式过去分词catch[k?t?]caught[k?:t]caught[k?:t]捉,抓teach[ti:t?]taught[t?:t]taught[t?:t]教（5）变此中一个元音字母动词原形过去式过去分词dig[diɡ]dug[d?ɡ]dug[d?ɡ]掘(土),挖(洞、沟等)feed[fi:d]fed[fed]fed[fed]喂find[faind]foundfound发现，找到get[ɡet]got[ɡ?t]got/gotten['ɡ?t?n]获得hold[h?uld]held[held]held[held]拥有，握住，支持lead[li:d]led[led]led[led]指引,带领,领导meet[mi:t]met[met]met[met]遇到sit[sit]sat[s?t]sat[s?t]坐shoot[?u:t]shot[??t]shot[??t]射击spit[spit]spit/spat[sp?t]spit/spat[sp?t]吐痰,stick[stik]stuck[st?k]stuck[st?k]插进,刺入,粘住,win[win]won[w?n]won[w?n]赢（6）原形→□lt/pt/ft→□lt/pt/ft动词原形过去式过去分词feel['fi:l]felt[felt]felt[felt]感觉keep[ki:p]kept[kept]kept[kept]保持leave[li:v]left[left]left[left]走开sleep[sli:p]slept[slept]slept[slept]睡觉sweep[swi:p]swept[swept]swept[swept]扫(7)其余动词原形过去式过去分词lay[lei]laid[leid]laid[leid]下蛋,搁置pay[pei]paid[peid]paid[peid]付say[sei]said[sed]said[sed]说stand[st?nd]stood[stud]stood[stud]站understandunderstood[,?nd?'st?nd]understood[,?nd?'st?nd]理解lose[lu:z]lost[l?st,l?:st]lost[l?st,l?:st]失掉have[h?v]had[h?d,h?d,?d]had[h?d,h?d,?d]有make[meik]made[meid]made[meid]制造sell[sel]sold[s?uld]sold[s?uld]卖tell[tel]told[t?uld]told[t?uld]告诉retell[,ri:'tel]retold[,ri:'t?uld]retold[,ri:'t?uld]重讲，重复，复述5.ABC（1）原形→过去式→原形+(e)n动词原形过去式过去分词blow[bl?u]blew[blu:]blown吹drive[draiv]drove[dr?uv]driven[driv?n]驾驶draw[dr?:]drew[dru:]drawn[dr?:n]画画eat[i:t]ate[et,eit]eaten['i:t?n]吃fall[f?:l]Fell[fel]fallen['f?:l?n]落下give[ɡiv]gave[ɡeiv]given['ɡiv?n]给grow[ɡr?u]grew[ɡru:]grown[ɡr?un]生长forgive[f?'ɡiv]forgot[f?'ɡ?t]forgiven谅解,宽怒know[n?u]knew[nju:,nu:]known知道mistake[mi'steik]mistook[mi'stuk]mistooken弄错;误会,overeat['?uv?'i:t]overate[,?uv?'reit]overeaten(使)吃过分prove[pru:v]provedproven/proved证明,证明,试验take[teik]took[tuk]taken['teikn,'teik?n]拿throw[θr?u]threw[θru:]thrown[θr?un,'θr?un]抛，扔ride[raid]rode[r?ud]ridden['rid?n]骑see[si:]saw[s?:]seen[si:n]看见