公共英语四级考试精读荟萃2022

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PassageNineTheContinuityoftheReligiousStruggleinBritain

ThoughEnglandwasonthewholeprosperousandhopeful,thoughbycomparisonwithherneighborssheenjoyedinternalpeace,shecouldnotevadethefactthattheworldofwhichsheformedapartwastornbyhatredandstrifeasfierceasanyinhumanhistory.Menwerestillforfromrecognizingthattworeligionscouldexistsidebysideinthesamesociety;theybelievedthatthetolerationofanotherreligiondifferentfromtheirown.Andhencenecessarilyfalse,mustinevitablydestroysuchasocietyandbringthesoulsofallitsmembersintodangerofhell.Sothestrugglewentonwithincreasingfurywithineachnationtoimposeasinglecreeduponeverysubject,andwithinthegeneralsocietyofChristendomtoimposeituponeverynation.InEnglandtheReformers,orProtestants,aidedbythepoweroftheCrown,hadatthisstagetriumphed,butoverEuropeasawholeRomewasbeginningtorecoversomeofthegroundithadlostafterMartinLuthersrevoltintheearlierpartofthecentury.Itdidthisintwoways,bytheactivitiesofitsmissionaries,asinpartsofGermany,orbythemilitarymightoftheCatholicPowers,asintheLowCountries,wheretheDutchprovincesweresometimesneartheirlastextremityunderthepressureofSpanisharms.AgainstEngland,themostimportantofalltheProtestantnationstoreconquer,militarymightwasnotyetpossiblebecausetheCatholicPowersweretoooccupiedandpided:andso,inthe1570sRomebentherefforts,asshehaddoneathousandyearsbeforeinthedaysofSaintAugustine,towinEnglandbackbymeansofhermissionaries.

ThesewereyoungEnglishmenwhohadeithernevergivenuptheoldfaith,orhavingdoneso,hadreturnedtoitandfeltcalledtobecomepriests.Therebeing,ofcourse,noCatholicseminariesleftinEngland,theywentabroad,atfirstquiteeasily,laterwithdifficultyanddanger,tostudyintheEnglishcollegesatDouaiorRome:theformerestablishedforthetrainingofordinaryorsecularclergy,theotherforthememberoftheSocietyofJesus,commonlyknownasJesuits,anewOrderestablishedbySt,IgnatiusLoyolasamethirtyyearsbefore.Thesecularscamefirst;theyachievedasuccesswhicheventhemosteagercouldhardlyhaveexpected.Cool-mindedandwell-informedmen,likeCecil,hadlongsurmisedthattheconversionoftheEnglishpeopletoProtestantismwasforfromcomplete;many-Cecilthoughteventhemajority-hadconformedoutoffear,self-interestor-possiblythecommonestreasonofall-sheerbewildermentattherapidchangesindoctrineandformsofworshipimposedontheminsoshortatime.Thusithappenedthatthemissionariesfoundawelcome,notonlywiththefamilieswhohadsecretlyofferedthemhospitalityiftheycame,butwithmanyotherswhomtheirfirsthostsinvitedtomeetthemorpassedthemonto.Theywouldlandattheportsindisguise,asmerchants,courtiersorwhatnot,professingsomeplausiblebusinessinthecountry,andmakebydeviousmayfortheirfirsthouseofrefuge.TheretheywouldadministertheSacramentsandpreachtothehouseholdsandtosuchoftheneighborsastheirhoststrustedandpresentlygoontosomeotherlocalitytowhichtheyweredirectedorfromwhichtheyreceivedacall.

1.Themainideaofthispassageis

[A].ThecontinuityofthereligiousstruggleinBritaininnewways.

[B].TheconversionofreligioninBritain.

[C].ThevictoryoftheNewreligioninBritain.

[D].Englandbecameprosperous.

2.WhatwasMartinLuthersreligions?

[A].Buddhism.

[B].Protestantism.

[C].Catholicism.

[D].Orthodox.

3.ThroughwhatwaydidtheRomerecoversomeofthelostland?

[A].Civilandmilitaryways.

[B].Propagandaandattack.

[C].Persuasionandcriticism.

[D].Religiousandmilitaryways.

4.Whatdidthesecondparagraphmainlydescribe?

[A].TheactivitiesofmissionariesinBritain.

[B].TheconversionofEnglishpeopletoProtestantismwasfarfromcomplete.

[C].TheyounginBritainbegantoconverttoCatholicism

[D].Mostfamiliesofferedhospitalitytomissionaries.

Vocabulary