2023年中考英语第三轮题型复习课件：题型六阅读理解

题型六阅读理解河北中考五年命题规律及趋势年份体裁和话题考查方式2019A剧本：四个青少年野餐后打扫场地的片段B记叙文：小女孩帮助同班同学摆脱困境的故事C应用文：学校“运动月”活动的目的和内容D说明文：笔在人类生活中的重要作用细节理解题(46，48，49，50，53，54，55，58)，推理判断题(47，51，56)，主旨大意题(52)，指代判断题(57)，词义猜测题(59)，标题归纳题(60)2018A应用文：网上购物投诉及反馈B记叙文：Edward把买书的钱捐给贫困家庭，善心比新年礼物更有价值C应用文：甜品培训班招收学员的广告D说明文：关于如何当一名合格的志愿者的几点建议细节理解题(47，48，50，51，52，53，55，56，57)，推理判断题(46，49，58)，词义猜测题(59)，主旨大意题(60)，数字计算题(54)2017A记叙文：讲述大卫由于被锁图书馆，发现读书并不是一件糟糕事的故事B说明文：介绍了如何制作风筒C说明文：通过蝴蝶和丹尼斯的例子告诉我们挑战的作用以及我们应该如何面对挑战细节理解题(46，47，48，51，52，53)，推理判断题(49，50，54，56，57)，词义猜测题(58)，写作意图题(55，59)，标题归纳题(60)2016A记叙文：讲述了一个小男孩独立做了一个汽车模型的故事B旅游指南：美术博物馆的信息介绍C说明文：社会文化类阅读，介绍中国与西方国家宾主关系的差异细节理解题(52，53，54，56，57，58，59，60，61，62)，推理判断题(51，63)，词义猜测题(64)，主旨大意题(55，65)2015A记叙文：讲述期末考试时发生的一件事B应用文：介绍SuperInternationalCraftsMarket的广告C说明文：介绍了在选择工作时要考虑的三件事情细节理解题(51，52，53，54，57，58，59，60，61，62)，推理判断题(55，56，64)，词义猜测题(63)，标题归纳题(65)【规律总结】1．设题多为细节理解题，兼顾推理判断题、词义猜测题和主旨大意题等；2．设题形式以挖空型与问答型相结合；3．话题侧重教育、学习、职业、咨询建议和人生价值观等；4．2018年和2019年河北中考阅读增至4篇文章，其中两篇应用文，增强了对学生英语运用能力的考查，体现了核心素养。【命题趋势及预测】预测2020年阅读体裁主要为记叙文、应用文和说明文。话题贴近学生生活，考查方式主要有：细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测、主旨大意、标题归纳和数字计算等。解题方法与技巧阅读理解是考查学生能力的一种重要方式，主要考查学生对阅读材料的理解能力、对材料中有效信息的捕捉能力等。学生只有较快地读懂材料，抓住短文大意，获取关键信息，才能对阅读问题作出正确的判断。要高效地做好阅读理解题，必须分清类型、对症下药，还要运用一定的解题技巧，才能做好各类阅读题型。一、阅读原文，理解大意首先通读原文，捕捉文中所提供的信息，抓住文章大意，理清文章脉络。二、审读题目，正确判断读懂短文内容后再审读题目，把握每个待判定问题的含义，通过寻读法在原文中找出与每个问题相关的关键词，然后寻找该关键词在文章中所在的段落及句子，依据短文内容对试题所给出的问题及选项进行判断，得出正确答案。常见阅读理解的考查方式有以下几种形式：细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题、主旨大意题、标题归纳题、数字计算题、指代判断题。三、重读原文，复核检查完成各小题后必须将短文重读一遍，加深对短文的理解，在此基础上再对每一道题进行复查，对有些似是而非的句子，一定要重新认真识别。(2019河北中考)Whatareyouholdinginyourhandwhileyouaretakingtheexamination？Right.Apen.Thoughitissmall，thepenhaschangedthehistory，improvedthetradeofcountries，recordedevents，carriednews，anddonefarmoreworkforhumanbeingsthanallothertools.Progresswithoutitwouldhavebeenalmostimpossible.Theinventionofthewheel，theintroductionofsteamengine(蒸汽机)，theuseofelectricity，allthesehavechangedthelivesofmillionsofpeople，butthepenhasdonemore.Ithastakenawaymountains，andithaspreparedthewayforallprogressanddevelopmentofthesociety.Inthepastthependidalltheworkifyouwantedtokeepanywritingforsometime.Thelawyerstookuptheirpensandwrotethelawofthecountryfromthedayswhenpapyrus(纸莎草纸)wasfirstused.Themostfamouslettersintheworldwerewrittenwithapen.Itwaswithapenthatthegreatestthinkersofalltimewrotedowntheirthoughts.Thepenisveryutilitarian．Wecannotsignabillorwritealetterorbuyahousewithoutourpen.Anagreementisworthlesstillournameiswrittenwithapen.Thewritersencouragetheworldwithit.Thestudentstaketheirexaminationswithitaswell.Ourcomingintotheworldisrecordedwithapen.Beforewehavebeenatschool，ournameiswrittenonthenamelistwithapen.Wecannotbemarriedtillwehavesigned.Apenrecordstheimportanteventsinourlife.Letusrememberthatweholdinourhandthemostpowerfulinstrumentwhichmanowns.Thepenisamagictool.Wheneveryouuseit，enjoyit.()1.Whatisthewritertryingtodointhispassage?A．Describewhatapenlookslike.B．Introducethehistoryofthepen.C．Advisepeopletoprepareanewpen.D．Showtheimportanceofthepen.()2.Theword“mountains”inthethirdparagraphrefersto(指代)“somethingto________”．A．explaintheuseofelectricityB．lowerthestudents'scoresC．stopthesocialdevelopmentD．changethelawofthecountry()3.Thelawyersstartedtowritethelawofthecountry________.A．beforetheirthoughtswerechangedB．whenpapyruswasfirstusedC．assoonastheyrecordedtheirnamesD．aftertheytookanimportantexam()4.Theunderlinedword“utilitarian”inthepassagemeans“________”．A．cheapB．boringC．specialD．useful()5.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A．APowerfulToolB．AnImportantLawC．AValuableRecordD．AnExcitingEvent【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了笔在人类生活中的重要作用。1．D【解析】推理判断题②。通读全文尤其是第二段内容可知，作者试图在文中展示笔在人类生活中的重要性。故选D。2．C【解析】指代判断题⑤。根据第三段最后一句中的“ithaspreparedthewayforallprogressanddevelopmentofthesociety”可推知，“mountains”指的是阻碍社会发展的事物。故选C。3．B【解析】细节理解题①。根据第四段第二句“Thelawyerstookuptheirpensandwrotethelawofthecountryfromthedayswhenpapyrus(纸莎草纸)wasfirstused.”可知，当纸莎草纸最初被使用时，律师们就开始使用他们的笔来书写国家的法律了。故选B。4．D【解析】词义猜测题③。本段主要介绍了笔在签账单、写信、买房、签协议、作家写作和学生考试等方面的作用。由此可推知，“utilitarian”意为“有用的”。故选D。5．A【解析】标题归纳题④。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了笔在人类生活中的重要作用，结合最后一段中的“themostpowerfulinstrument”可知，A项“一个强大的工具”概括了文章的主旨，最适合作本文的标题。故选A。,考点：细节理解题①方法突破：细节理解题要注意同义不同句。利用题目的关键词，寻找文中对应词，在对应词周围找答案或直接在文中搜索答案，对号入座。这类试题是针对文章中的细节而设计的，如文章中某一特定的细节，也可能涉及若干个细节，或者针对文章的主要事实，或利用图表、图形来表示信息等。要求学生根据对短文的理解，直接选出正确答案，一般在通读文章后可直接找出答题依据，难度较小，属浅层次理解题。考点：推理判断题②方法突破：阅读时首先要抓住文章的主题和细节，分析文章结构，根据上下文的内在联系，挖掘文章的深层含义。其次，对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机，事件中的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的推理、判断、分析，进一步增强理解能力，抓住材料的实质性东西。考点：词义猜测题③方法突破：很多时候，我们可以通过上下文的提示或者句子前后之间的逻辑关系，推测出词义。或通过一些连词，如and，but，or，while，however等来推断词汇的含义。考点：主旨大意题④或标题归纳题④方法突破：从文中的首尾句(段)寻找主题句或纵观全文归纳总结出文章的主旨大意或标题。不少文章一开头便表明了文章主题，尤其是新闻报道类篇章。但有的文章，其中心思想贯穿于全文中。这就要求学生在准确理解全文后，归纳短文要点，概括中心思想。考点：指代判断题⑤方法突破：首先根据句子的结构和句意判断其指代的对象是人还是物，然后根据上下文的语境和句意来判断指代的对象。河北中考考点精练A(2019青海中考)“I'mgoingtobedearliertomorrow！”Butnomatterhowwedecide，therearestillmanychancesthatwebreakourpromises.Thisbehavioriscalled“bedtimeprocrastination”(睡眠拖延症)，andresultsfrombeingshortofself­controlandourbodyclock.Bedtimeprocrastinationisacommonproblem.Accordingtoastudy，Among2，400people，53percentofthemcouldn'tfollowtheirsleepingtimetheyhadplanned，delaying(推迟)itatleasttwiceaweek.Theydelayedbedtimenotbecausetheylikedtostayuplate，buttheycouldn'tstopdoingsomeotherthings.Accordingly，peoplewhousuallyhavetroubleresistingtemptations(抵制诱惑)andadheringtotheirintentions(坚持己见)aremorelikelytodelaygoingtobed.However，scientiststhinkbeingshortofself­controlisnottheonlyproblem.Ourbodyclockalsoplaysanimportantrolewhenitcomestobedtime.Inordertochecktheinfluenceofthebodyclockonsleep，scientistsstudiedthesleeppatterns(模式)of108people.Itwasfoundthatthosewhogotuplatearemorelikelytodelaytheirbedtimethanthosewhowokeupearlyeverymorning.Andmoresurprisingly，nightowls(夜猫子)wouldgotobedlateattheverybeginningoftheweekday，eventhoughtheyhadtogetupearlyforworkandschool.It'stheirspecialbodyclockthatplaysapartindelayingtheirbedtime.Peoplealwaysthinkthatbedtimeprocrastinationisn'tabigproblem，butthechoiceswemakethataffect(影响)oursleepcouldfinallybeprettyimportantforourhealth.(A)1.Bedtimeprocrastinationispartlybecauseof________．A．beingshortofself­controlB．resistingtemptationsC．adheringtotheirintentionsD．workinghard(C)2.Bedtimeprocrastinationisacommonproblembecause________．A．peoplelikedtostayuplateB．peoplehavetroublegoingtobedC．over50%ofpeoplecouldn'tsleepontimeD．peoplearenightowls(D)3.________peopleweretestedonthesleepinginfluenceofthebodyclock.A．2，400B．53percentofC．47percentofD．108(C)4.Accordingtothepassage，whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A．Peoplewhogotuplatearemorelikelytodelaytheirbedtime.B．Peoplewhowokeupearlymaynotdelaytheirbedtime.C．Nightowlsalwaysgotuplate.D．Nightowlsdelayedtheirbedtimeduetotheirspecialbodyclock.(D)5.Thewriterimplies(暗示)thatbedtimeprocrastination________．A．isnotabigproblemB．hasnoanyinfluenceonourbodyC．isthechoicewemakeD．isharmfulB(2019聊城中考改编)Isanearbyneighbourbetterthanafarawaycousin?AnAmericanlady,AnnaLane,believesit'strue.Herkindneighboursoncehelpedheroutwhenshewasinabigtrouble.MrsLanewaslivingaloneinacityinTexas,US.Thewomaninher70scoulddoalotofhouseworkherself.However,shewastoooldtomow(修剪)herlawn(草坪).Thenabigtroublefoundher.Sheletthegrassgrowover18incheshighanditbrokethelawinhercity.Asaresult,shewasindangerofpayinglotsofmoneyorevengoingtoprison!Luckily,herneighbours,theAdamsbrothers,heardthenewsaboutheronTV.Theydecidedtodosomethingtohelp.“Wehaven'tmetheryet,butshe's75yearsoldandsheneedssomehelp，”saidSamAdams,oneoftheboys.“That'stheleastwecoulddo.”TheAdamsbrotherstooktheirmowers(修剪机)andcametoMrsLane'shousetomowherlawnwithouttellingher.Oncetheygotstarted,otherneighbourssawwhatwasgoingonandjoinedintheeffort.Togethertheyworkedhardinthesunandfinishedmowingthewholelawninabouttwohours.WhenMrsLanesawwhatherneighboursdidforher,shewassurprisedandmovedtotears(感动得落泪).“Icannotbelievethis，”shesaid.“TheyweresokindtospendtwohourshelpingmeandIdidn'tevenknowtheirnames.”AsfortheAdamsbrothers,theysaidtheywouldalwaysbereadytohelpher.(D)1.WhatcanweknowaboutMrsLane?A．Shewas70yearsold.B．Shecouldnotdoherhousework.C．Shewaslivingwithherchildren.D．Shecouldnotcutthegrassonthelawn.(B)2.MrsLanewasindangerofgoingtoprisonbecause________.A．shebroketheeducationlawinhercityB．thegrassonherlawnwasover18incheshighC．thenewsaboutheronTVwasmadeupbyherD．shedidn'tpayenoughmoneytoherneighbours(D)3.Whomowedthelawn?A．TheAdamsbrothers.B．SamAdamsandMrsLane.C．TheAdamsbrothersandMrsLane.D．TheAdamsbrothersandotherneighbours.(C)4.Whichofthefollowingistrue?A．TheAdamsbrothersknewMrsLaneverywell.B．MrsLaneknewsomeofherneighbours'names.C．MrsLanedidn'texpectherneighbourswouldhelpher.D．TheAdamsbrothersusedMrsLane'smowerstocutthegrass.(A)5.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．GoodNeighboursB．ASeriousCityLawC．ABeautifulGardenD．HumorousBrothersC(2019武威中考改编)CloudsOnabeautifulspringafternoon，Irelax—andliedownOnthesoftgreengrass，BreathinginthefreshsmellthatIcanfeelallaround.Myattentionistakenuptotheclouds.ForupthereinthebrightblueskyIsafluffywhiteworldofcottoncandy(棉花糖)animalsAndcastles(城堡)builtwithmarshmallowbricks.ButImustbecreativeandtakethetimeTobringthisworldintofocus，SoItakeabreath，Andsquint__my__eyes__just__a__little__bit．AndbeforeIknowit—theretheyare—AbigbearSoftasapillow(枕头),quietlycurlsuptosleep，Asatiny,cottonballmouseJumpsoutfromalion'shouse.WhatatreattospendmyafternoonWiththesenewlyfoundfriendsmowingby!(C)1.Whenisthespeakerwatchingcloudsinthepoem?A．Inthemorning.B．Atnoon.C．Intheafternoon.D．Atnight.(A)2.Theunderlinedpart“squintmyeyesjustalittlebit”inthepoemprobablymeans________.A．closemyeyesalittlebitandtrytoseethingsclearlyB．openmyeyeswidelyC．shutmyeyestoavoidseeingsomethingunpleasantD．makemyeyesfulloftears(D)3.Thewriterwrotethispoemto________.A．showthereaderswheretowatchcloudsB．teachthereadersaboutcloudshapesC．explaintothereadershowcloudscanchangeD．tellthereadersabouthiscloudwatchingD(2019抚顺中考)TheTempleofHeaven，insouthernBeijing，wasfirstbuiltin1420andwasrebuiltduringtheMingandQingDynasties.ItwastheplacewheretheemperorsoftheMingandQingDynastieswouldadmirethegodandhopeforgoodharvest(收获)．Itisthelargestgroupofbuildingsintheworldtopayhomage(致敬)togod.ThePotalaPalacewasbuiltintheseventhcenturyandithasalonghistoryofover1，300years.In641，SongtsanGambo，theruleroftheTubokingdom，askedhispeopletobuilditforPrincessWenchengoftheTangDynasty.Ithas13floorsandis117metershigh.Anditismadeofwoodandstone.TheTerracottaWarriorsandHorses(兵马俑)isthegreatesthistoricalandculturalsite(遗址)inLintong，Xi'an，ShaanxiProvince.EmperorQinShiHuangbegantobuilditattheageof13.Ittook11years.Theterracottafigures(秦俑)havethesamesizeasarealman.Theyhavedifferentheights，clothesandhairstylesbecauseoftheirdifferentlevels.TheMogaoCaves(莫高窟)isformedby492temples，25kilometerssoutheastofthecenterofDunhuang.ItisalsocalledtheCavesofaThousandBuddhas(千佛洞)．Thelargeststatue(雕像)infrontofthecavewallis34.5metershighandthesmallestisonly2cmhigh.TheartofDunhuangcoversmorethan10majorforms，suchaswallpaintings，musicanddanceandsoon.(D)1.TheTempleofHeavenwasfirstbuilt________．A．in492B．in641C．in1311D．in1420(B)2.SongtsanGambobuiltthePotalaPalacefor________.A．thegodB．PrincessWenchengC．hispeopleD．EmperorQinShiHuang(C)3.Youcanvisit________ifyouareinXi'an.A．theTempleofHeavenB．thePotalaPalaceC．theTerracottaWarriorsandHorsesD．theMogaoCaves(A)4.ThesmalleststatueoftheCavesofaThousandBuddhasis________high.A．2cmB．34.5mC．25kmD．13cm(A)5.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．ThePotalaPalaceismadeofwoodandstone.B．Theterracottafiguresarebiggerthanrealmen.C．TheMogaoCavesisinthesouthwestofDunhuang.D．TheemperorsadmiredthepeopleintheTempleofHeaven.E(2019南充中考)WhenthegreatlibraryofAlexandriaburned,thestorygoes,onebookwassaved.Butitwasnotavaluablebook,andapoormangotit.Thebookwasn'tveryinteresting,butbetweenitspagestherewassomethingveryinterestingindeed.Itwasathinstripofvellum(羊皮纸)onwhichwaswrittenthesecretofthe“Touchstone”．Thetouchstonewasasmallpebble(鹅卵石)thatcouldturnanycommonmetalintopuregold.Thewritingexplainedthatitwaslyingamongthousandsandthousandsofotherpebblesthatlookedexactlylikeit.Butthesecretwasthis：Therealstonewouldfeelwarm,whileordinarypebblesarecold.Sothemansoldhishouse,boughtatent,campedontheseashore,andbegantestingpebbles.Heknewthatifhepickedupnormalpebblesandthrewthemdownagainbecausetheywerecold,hemightpickupthe