05439商务英语阅读(广东)复习题

商务英语阅读复习题（课程代码05439）I.Translatethefollowingsorexpressions.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.10X1＝101accessary附件21GNP国民生产总值41parvalue票面价值2bankaccount银行账户22governmentbond政府债券42Payroll工资名单3bearerbond无记名债券23HsharesH股43policyholder投保人4billofexchange汇票24holdingcompany控股公司44preferenceshares优先股5boardofdirectors董事会25incomefunds收益基金45Premium保险费6C.I.F.到岸价26incomestatement收入表46productline生产线7C.P.I.消费者物价指数27infrastructure基础设施47productmix产品组合8Carton纸箱28installment分期付款48promissorynote本票9circulatingfund流动资金29insurancepolicy保险单49publicrelations公共关系10CleanBill光票30inventory存货50publicity推广11Commission佣金31IOU借据51redchips红筹股12commonshares普通股票32IPO新股票上市52registeredcapital注册资本13currentassets流动资产33legaltender法定货币53retailer零售商14delivery递送34marketshare市场份额54savingsbond储蓄债券15durablegoods耐用品35massselling大众推销55staffturnover员工流动率16F.OB离岸价36merger合并56stockcertificate股产权17financialinstitutio金融机构37middleman中间商57stockexchange股票交易所18fiscalyear财政年度38monopoly垄断58stockmarket股票市场19fringebenefit福利金39mutualfund共同基金59streamline使合理化20GDP国内生产总值40netasset净资产60targetreturn目标收益B.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.1收购purchase16电汇TT31借记卡debitcard46电话销售telemarketing2债券bond17仲裁arbitration32可行性feasibility47营销组合marketingmix3索赔claim18物流logistics33离岸价F.O.B48固定资产fixedasset4直销direct19促销promotion34净收入netincome49风险资本venturecapital5垄断mpnopoly20股东shareholder35保险单insurancepolicy50人寿保险lifeinsurance6利率Interestrate21资产asset36保险费premium51植入广告productplacementadvertising7合同contract22底线baseline37不动产realestate52公共关系publicrelations8红利dividend23预算budget38业务外包businessoutsourcing53债券持有者bondholder9定价pricing24汇率rateofexchange39客户服务customerservice54经营多样化businessdiversification10退货comeback25汇票billofexchange40有限责任limitedliability55投资经纪人invesmentbroker11评价evaluate26售货点point-of-sale41期初存货begininginventory56有限责任公司limitedliabilitycompany12折旧discount27购买力purchasingpower42资本收益capitalgain57（生产经营的）场所operationalsite13保险insurance28硬通货hardcurrency43收入保险incomeinsurance58资本负债表balancesheet14赞助sponsor29集装箱container44市场细分marketsegment59盈亏平衡点break-evenpoint15上市gopublic30净资产netasset45机会成本opportunitycost60发行（债券）issuepublishII.Choosethebestanswertofillintheblanks.1.Thebuyingofproductsonwhichwehavebeenpre-soldthroughadvertisingiscalled______.A.rationalbuyingB.emotionalbuyingC.reflexbuyingD.impulsebuying2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTacommonformofpaymentinforeignbusinesstransactions?A.ChequeB.CashC.BanktransferD.Asightbill3.Acleanbillis______.aspotlessbillabillthatisnotaccompaniedbyshippingumentsanunusedbillaninvalidbill4.Ifcompetitorsgettogethertoraiseorlowerprices,thisactis______.A.pricediscriminationB.deceptivepricingC.resalepricemaintenanceD.pricefixing5.Whichofthefollowingbelongsto“MarketingMix”?A.LaborforceB.MachinesC.MaterialsD.Promotion6.Whatdoyouthinkisthestrengthofpublicity?BeingflexibleB.AvoidingmediacostsC.SavingpreparationtimeD.Reachingalargernumberofaudiences7.WhichofthefollowingcanNOTbeafeatureofabond?Ithasacertaindenomination.Ithasaprefixedinterestrate.Itinvolveshighrisk.Ithasaprefixedmaturitydate.8.Whichofthefollowingisalegaltender?IOUchequesU.S.dollarsLumpsofsilverBankdeposits9.Ifyouadvertiseaproduct,yourmainpurposeofdoingsoisto_____.earnmoremoneyfortheadvertisingagencypromotesalesofthatproductcompetewithotherfirmsthatproducethesamekindofproductintroducethatproducertothepublic10.Whatdoyouthinkisthestrengthofpersonalselling?A.HighefficiencyB.GreatflexibilityC.LesstimeconsumptionD.BothAandC11.Acreditthatcannotbecancelledisregardedas______.A.umentaryB.irrevocableC.dishonoredD.confirmed12.Adishonouredbillis______.onewhichtheimporterisashamedofonewhichtheimporterfailstopayontheduedateonewhichthedrawerfailstopayonewhichtheexporterfailstoclear13.Intermsofsafeness,amortgagebond______adebenturebond,A.isthesameasB.issaferthanC.involvesmoreriskthanD.isnotassafeas14.Whatisaninsurancepolicy?Agovernmentlawoninsurance.Awrittencontractbetweentheinsurerandtheinsured.Apieceofpaperwiththeinsurer’ssignatureonit.Asetofrulestoregulatetheinsurancemarket.15.Whatcanwesayforcertainabouttransportationandphysicaldistribution?Transportationisthesamethingasphysicaldistribution.Transportationisnotasimportantasphysicaldistribution.Transportationisoneofthecomponentsofphysicaldistributionsystem.Thetermtransportationiswidelyusedtomeanphysicaldistribution.16.CustomerrelationsshouldberesponsibleforallofthefollowingEXCEPT______.A.thequalityofproductorserviceB.customerinquiriesandcomplaintsC.findingnewresourcesforthecompanyD.attractingnewcustomers17.Whatisthemajorfeatureofaglobalmarketingstrategy?A.UniformityB.FlexibilityC.LocalizationD.Diversity18.Whatismeantby“consideration”inacontract?Anitemofconsiderablevaluegiventotheotherparty.Anitemofvaluegiventotheotherparty.Moneyinexchangeofgoods.Carefulthinkingbeforesigningacontract.19.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?Packagingmeansmorethantheboxes,wrappingsandothermaterialsthatgoroundthephysicalproduct.Packagingcanchangethequalityofaproduct.Packagingcanchangeaproductinthemindsofconsumers.Packagingcanhelptoopenlargermarkets.20.Tobeawisecustomer,wemustevaluate______andchoosetobuywhatis______.theprice;thecheapesttheproductquality;oftopqualitythetotalproductoffer;ofthebestvaluetoustheafter-saleservice;providedwiththebestafter-saleservice21.Themostmajorfunctionofmoneyis______.A.astoreofvalueB.theunitofaccountC.themediumofexchangeD.astandardofdeferredpayment22.______pointstotheadvantagesoftheadvertiser’sproductovercompetingproducts.Primary-demandadvertisingComparativeadvertisingDirect-actionadvertisingInstitutionaladvertising23.Whenapersoninsuressomething,thewrittenagreementbetweentheinsurerandtheinsurediscalled_______.A.insurancepolicyB.claimC.liabilityD.autoinsurance24.A_______isbackedonlybytheinsurer’spromisetopaywhentheinterestandprincipalaredue.bearerbonddebenturebondmortgagebondcorporatebond25._______isstockwithfirstclaimonthecorporation’searningsandassetsaftertheclaimsofbondholders.PreferredstockStockexchangeCommonstockStockcertificates26.Inforeigntrade,________isthefastestmethodofsendingmoneyabroad.A.sightbillB.internationalmoneyordersC.billofexchangeD.telegraphedtransfer27._______isNOTconsideredasanactionthatcouldhurtcompetitionandconsumers.A.PricefixingB.DeceptivepricingC.ResalepricemaintenanceD.Settingtargetreturn28.Marketerscancommunicatewithlargenumbersofpotentialcustomersatthesametimeby_____.A.personalsellingB.directsellingC.masssellingD.sendingleaflets29.Adishonoredbillis____________.onethatisnotaccompaniedbyshippinguments.onethatisnotpaidontheduedate.onethatmustbepaidatsight.onethatcannotbecancelled.30.Wecangetinformationaboutacompany’sassetsandliabilitiesfrom_______.aninsurancepolicyanincomestatementabalancesheetabillofexchange31.______promotestheuseofaparticularbrandamongcompetingproducts.A.ComparativeadvertisingB.BrandadvertisingC.Primary-demandadvertisingD.Institutionaladvertising32.______willpayapersonmoneywhenhe/sheisunabletowork.A.IncomeinsuranceB.HealthcareinsuranceC.AutoinsuranceD.Lifeinsurance33.Iftheapplesinafruitstorelookveryluscious,andyoubuyadozenwhichactuallyisoutofyourexpectation,wecansaythisactionisakindof______.reflexbuyingimpulsebuyingneitherimpulsebuyingnorreflexbuyinginstallmentbuying34.Inabillofexchange,ifitissaying“30daysaftersight”,thatmeansthebillcanbepaid_____.A.immediatelyB.within30daysafteritisdrawn.C.within30daysafteritispresentedD.regardlessthedate35.WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTbelongto“MarketingMix”?A.PlacementB.ProductC.Point-of-saleD.Promotion36.Asa________,youareoneoftheownersofacompany.stockholderB.bondholderC.vendorD.creditor37.The_______isreachedwhenthemoneyfromthesalesofproductequalsthetotalcostsandexpensesinvolvedinproducingandmarketingit.equilibriumpricebalancesheetpricefixingbreak-evenpoint38.Thesharecapitalofacompanyis________.themoneyyousharewithothersissuedeitherbyabusinessorbyagovernmentstockthatpermitownerstoshareanyprofitsorlossesthetotalinvestmentfromalloftheshareholders39.WhichofthefollowingcanNOTberegardedasrealproperty?FarmlandBuildingsonlandThecomputeronalecturedeskTreesinagarden40.The_______isanaccountingstatementthatsummarizesacompany’srevenues,costofgoodssold,expenses,andnetprofitorlossoveraperiodoftime.A.balancesheetB.incomestatementC.premiumstatementD.insurancepolicy41.Anotherfactorthataffectsthepriceofbondsisthecreditratingofcompanyorgovernmentunitissuingthebond.A.ratinggiventoanindividualorbusinessfirmasacreditrisk,basedonpastrecordsofdebtrepayment,financialstatus,etc.B.ratinggiventoacompanyastoitssalespowerC.assessmentofacompany’sproductionD.assessmentofacompany’smoneydepositedinthebank.42.Wheninterestpaymentsaredueonabearerbond,itspossessorclipsacouponfromthebondandsendsthecoupontotheissuerforpayment.A.acertificateorticketentitlingtheholdertoaspecifiedright,asreducedpurchasepriceB.adetachableprintedstatementonabond,specifyingtheinterestdueatagiventimeC.apartofaprintedadvertisementasforuseinorderinggoods,samples,orliteratureD.aformsurrenderedinordertoobtainanarticle,service,oraccommodation43.Sinceourreceiptsdonotalwaysmatchoutexpenditures,wegenerallykeepsomemoneyinacheckingaccountbalance.A.payrollB.paymentC.incomeD.property44.Severalattemptstounionizetheworkforcehavebeendefeatedbymarginsashighas3to1.A.edgeorborderB.blankspaceonapageC.differencebetweenthebuyingandsellingD.differenceintheamountofvotes45.Buyersofthesegoodsusuallyprovideprospectivesupplierswithadescriptionoftheproductorserviceandrequestthatbidsorpricequotationsbesubmitted.A.servicesB.ordersC.productsD.offersofprices46.Ofthefollowing,______arenormallyNOTconsideredakindofsecurities.A.mutualfundsharesB.registeredbondsC.commonstocksD.savingsaccounts47._______istheprotectionagainsteconomiclossprovidedbysharingtheriskwithothers.A.FinanciallossB.InsuranceC.PremiumD.Stock48._______areusedbytheconsumerorhouseholdthatbuysthemandcomeinaready-to-useformthatcallsfornofurtherindustrialorcommercialprocessing.A.ConsumergoodsB.ConveniencegoodsC.ShoppinggoodsD.Durablegoods49.Thenormsandexpectationsaboutthewaypeopledothingsinaspecificcountryare________.A.customsB.valuesC.modesofconductD.statesofexistence50.________referstopromotionactivitiesthatstimulateinterest,trialorpurchasebyfinalcustomersorothersinthechannel.A.AdvertisingB.SalespromotionC.PublicityD.MasssellingIII.Inthispart,therearesomereadingpassagesfollowedby5questionsorunfinishedstatementseach.ForeachofthemtherearefouranswersmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestoneaccordingtoyourunderstanding.PassageOneBillGates,thebillionaireMicrosoftchairmanwithoutasingleearneduniversitydegree,isbyhissuccessraisingnewdoubtsabouttheworthofthebusinessworld’sfavoriteacademictitle:theMBA(MasterofBusinessAdministration).TheMBA,a20th-centuryproduct,alwayshasbornethemarkoflowlycommerceandgreed(贪婪)onthetree-linedcampusesruledbypurerdisciplinessuchasphilosophyandliterature.Butevenwiththerecessionapparentlycuttingintothehiringofbusinessschoolgraduates,about79,000peopleareexpectedtoreceiveMBAsin1993.Thisisnearly16timesthenumberofbusinessgraduatesin1960,atestimony(宣言)tothewidespreadassumptionthattheMBAisvitalforyoungmenandwomenwhowanttoruncompaniessomeday. “Ifyouaregoingintothecorporateworlditisstilladisadvantagenottohaveone,”saidDonaldMorrison,professorofmarketingandmanagementscience.“Butinthelastfiveyearsorso,whensomeonesays,‘ShouldIattempttogetanMBA,’theansweralotmoreis:Itdepends.” ThesuccessofBillGatesandothernon-MBAs,suchasthelateSamWaltonofWal-MartStoresInc.,hashelpedinspireself-consciousdebatesonbusinessschoolcampusesovertheworthofabusinessdegreeandwhethermanagementskillscanbetaught. TheHarvardBusinessReviewprintedalively,fictionalexchangeofletterstodramatizecomplaintsaboutbusinessdegreeholders. ThearticlecalledMBAhires“extremelydisappointing”andsaid“MBAswanttomoveuptoofast,theydon’tunderstandpoliticsandpeople,andtheyaren’tabletofunctionaspartofateamuntiltheirthirdyear.Butbythen,they’reoutlookingforotherjobs.” Theproblem,mostparticipantsinthedebateacknowledge,isthattheMBAhasacquiredanaura(光环)offuturerichesandpowerfarbeyonditsactualimportanceandusefulness.Enrollmentinbusinessschoolsexplodedinthe1970sand1980sandcreatedtheassumptionthatnoonewhopursuedabusinesscareercoulddowithoutone.Thegrowthwasfueledbyabacklash(反冲)againsttheanti-businessvaluesofthe1960sandbythewomen’smovement.BusinesspeoplewhohavehiredorworkedwithMBAssaythosewiththedegreesoftenknowhowtoanalyzesystemsbutarenotsoskillfulatmotivatingpeople.“Theydon’tgetalotofgroundinginthepeoplesideofthebusiness,”saidJamesShaffer,vice-presidentandprincipaloftheTowersPer-finmanagementconsultingfirm.1. AccordingtoParagraph2,whatisthegeneralattitudetowardsbusinessoncampusesdominatedbypurerdisciplines?ScornfulAppreciative.Envious.Realistic.2.Itseemsthatthecontroversy(争辩)overthevalueofMBAdegreeshasbeenfueledmainlyby______.thecomplaintsfromvariousemployersthesuccessofmanynon-MBAsthecriticismfromthescientistsofpurerdisciplinesthepoorperformanceofMBAsatwork3.WhatisthemajorweaknessofMBAholdersaccordingtoTheHarvardBusinessReview?Theyareusuallyserf-centered.Theyareaggressiveandgreedy.Theykeepcomplainingabouttheirjobs.Theyarenotgoodatdealingwithpeople.4.FromthepassageweknowthatmostMBAs______.canclimbthecorporateladderfairlyquicklyquittheirjobsoncetheyarefamiliarwiththeirworkmatesreceivesalariesthatdonotmatchtheirprofessionaltrainingcherishunrealisticexpectationsabouttheirfuture5.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?WhythereisanincreasedenrollmentinMBAprograms.ThenecessityofreformingMBAprogramsinbusinessschools.DoubtsabouttheworthofholdinganMBAdegree.Adebateheldrecentlyonuniversitycampuses.PassageTwoTherelationshipbetweenthehomeandmarketeconomieshadgonethroughtwodistinctstages.Earlyindustrializationbegantheprocessoftransferringsomeproductionprocesses(e.g.cloth-making,sewingandcanningfoods)fromthehometothemarketplace.Althoughthehomeeconomycouldstillproducethesegoods,theprocesseswerelaboriousandthemarketeconomywasusuallymoreefficient.Soonthemoreimportantsecondstagewasevident--themarketplacebeganproducinggoodsandservicesthathadneverbeenproducedbythehomeeconomy,andthehomeeconomywasunabletoproducethem(e.g.electricityandelectricalappliances,theautomobile,advancededucation,sophisticatedmedicalcare).Inthesecondstage,thequestionofwhetherthehomeeconomywaslessefficientinproducingthesenewgoodsandserviceswasirrelevant;ifthefamilyweretoenjoythesefruitsofindustrialization,theywouldhavetobeobtainedinthemarketplace.Thetraditionalwaysoftakingcareoftheseneedsinthehomesuchasinnursingthesick,becameunacceptable(and,inmostseriouscases,probablylesssuccessful).Justastheappearanceoftheautomobilemadetheuseofthehorsedrawncarriageillegalandthenimpractical,andtheappearanceoftelevisionchangedtheradiofromasourceofentertainmenttoasourceofbackgroundmusic,somostofthefruitsofeconomicgrowthdidnotincreasetheoptionsavailabletothehomeeconomytoeitherproducethegoodsorservicesorpurchasetheminthemarket.Growthbroughtwithitincreasedvarietyinconsumergoods,butnotincreasedflexibilityforthehomeeconomyinobtainingthesegoodsandservices.Instead,economicgrowthbroughtwithitincreasedconsumerrelianceonthemarketplace.Inordertoconsumethesenewgoodsandservices,thefamilyhadtoenterthemarketplaceaswageearnersandconsumers.Theneoclassical(新古典主义的)modelthatviewsthefamilyasdecidingwhethertoproducegoodsandservicesdirectlyortopurchasetheminthemarketplaceisbasicallyamodelofthefirststage.Itcannotaccuratelybeappliedtothesecond(andcurrent)stage.6.Thereasonwhymanyproductionprocessesweretakenoverbythemarketplacewasthat______.itwasanecessarystepintheprocessofindustrializationtheydependedonelectricityavailableonlytothemarketeconomyitwastroublesometoproducesuchgoodsinthehomethemarketplacewasmoreefficientwithrespecttotheseprocesses7.Itcanbeseenfromthepassagethatinthesecondstage______.sometraditionalgoodsandserviceswerenotsuccessfulwhenprovidedbythehomeeconomythemarketeconomyprovidednewgoodsandservicesneverproducedbythehomeeconomyproducingtraditionalfoodsathomebecamesociallyneverproducedbythehomeeconomywhethernewgoodsandserviceswereproducedbythehomeeconomybecameirrelevant8.Duringthesecondstage,ifthefamilywantedtoconsumenewgoodsandservices,theyhadtoenterthemarketplace______.aswageearnersbothasmanufacturersandconsumersbothasworkersandpurchasersascustomers9.Economicgrowthdidnotmakeitmoreflexibleforthehomeeconomytoobtainthenewgoodsandservicesbecause______.thefamilywasnotefficientinproductionitwasillegalforthehomeeconomytoproducethemitcouldnotsupplythembyitselfthemarketforthesegoodsandserviceswaslimited10.Theneoclassicalmodelisbasicallyamodelofthefirststage,becauseatthisstage______.Thefamilycouldrelyeitheronthehomeeconomyorthemarketplacefortheneededgoodsandservices.manyproductionprocesseswerebeingtransferredtothemarketplaceconsumersreliedmoreandmoreonthemarketeconomythefamilycoulddecidehowtotransferproductionprocessestothemarketplacePassageThreeAsisknowntoall,theorganizationandmanagementofwagesandsalariesareverycomplicated.Generallyspeaking,theAccountDepartmentisresponsibleforcalculationsofpay,whilethePersonnelDepartmentisinterestedindiscussionswiththeemployeesaboutpay.Ifafirmwantstoadoptanewwageandsalarystructure,itisessentialthatthefirmshoulddecideonamethodofjobevaluationandwaysofmeasuringtheperformanceofitsemployees.Inordertobesuccessful,thatnewpaystructurewillneedagreementbetweenTradeUnionsandemployers.Injobevaluation,alloftherequirementsofeachjobaredefinedinadetailedjobdescription.Eachofthoserequirementsisgivenavalue,generallyin“points”,whichareaddedtogethertogiveatotalvalueforthejob.Formiddleandhighermanagement,aspecialmethodisusedtoevaluatemanagersontheirknowledgeofthejob,theirresponsibility,andtheirabilitytosolveproblems.Becauseofthedifficultyinmeasuringmanagementwork,however,jobgradesformanagersareoftendecidedwithoutreferencetoanevaluationsystembasedonpoints.Inattemptingtodesignapaysystem,thePersonnelDepartmentshouldcomparethevalueofeachjobwiththoseinthejobmarket.Itshouldalsoconsidereconomicfactorssuchasthecostoflivingandthelaborsupply.Itisnecessarythatpaymentforajobshouldvarywithanydistinctionsinthewaythatjobisperformed.Whereitissimpletomeasuretheworkdone,asintheworkdonewiththehands,monetaryencouragementschemesareoftenchosen;forindirectworkers,wheremeasurementisdifficult,methodsofadditionalpaymentsareemployed.11.Ifacompanywantsitsnewpaystructuretobesuccessful,itisnecessaryto_______.A.givetheworkersextrapaytoencouragethemB.sharethesameopinionbetweentheTradeUnionandtheemployersC.consultsomeproblemsassociatedwithpayD.adoptaspecialwaytoevaluatetheperformanceofitsemployees12. Themethodsofadditionalpaymentsareadoptedforindirectworkersbecause__________.A.theydon'thaveahigherpayB.thefirmhasn'tenoughfundC.themeasurementoftheirworkisverydifficultD.theirworkislessimportantthanthatofotherworkers13.Whatshouldafirmconsiderindesigninganewpaysystem?A.Thevalueofeachjobalone.B.Themethodofcalculatingthepay.C.Therequirementsofeachjob.D.Thelaborsupplyandthecostofliving.14.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_______.A.onlytheAccountsDepartmentisinvolvedinthemanagementofsalariesB.differentjobperformancesshouldbegivendifferentpaymentsC.anevaluationsystembasedonpointsisusuallyusedtomeasuremanagementworkD.evaluatingmanagementworkmakesnodifferencefromotherwork15.Themainpurposeofthispassageisto_______.A.explainhowtheperformanceofajobcanbemeasuredinpointsB.describetheresponsibilitiesofvariousdepartmentsC.tellreadershowafirmcansucceedinadoptinganewpaysystemD.tellreadershowdifficultthemanagementworkisPassageFourTheso-calledAmericanizationphenomenonseemstobeaconsequenceoftherecentglobalizationinourworld.IfwefindAmericanproductsworldwide,itisalsoincreasinglycommontofindAsianproductsintheUnitedStates.GoingtoanycountryinAsianowadays,wearegoingtoseealotoftheAmericanicons(图标)everywhere.AfewyearsagowhenIwasinHo-Chi-MinCity,formerlyknownasSaigon,Iwascompletelyastonishedatthenumberofbillboardsadvertisingproductsfrommultinationalcompanies,manyofthemAmerican.Itisunforgettableforme—thevisionofthespectacularCoca-ColabillboardonaHo-Chi-MinStreet.LivingintheUnitedSlatesnow,IamdiscoveringmanyAsianproductsinAmerica,fromfoodtomovies.InonedayinSanFrancisco,orSeattle,orHouston,wecanbuySisheidocosmeticsfromJapanattheGalleriaMall,havesushi(寿司)andsashimi(生鱼片)inoneofthemanyJapaneserestaurantsinthecity,gotothecinemaandenjoythebeautifulAmerican-ChinesemovieCrouchingTiger,HiddenDragon,andtakehomespringrollsfromoneofthemanyChineserestaurantsintown.Iunderstandthatagreatmanypeoplewouldliketoholdhacktheglobalizationprocessintheworldbecausetheythinktheyarelosingtheirownculture,butitisverydifficulttostopthisprocess.Wecanonlytrytobecriticalandchoosewhatisbestforustohaveortobuy.However,manypeoplethinkthatyoungpeoplearenotfreetochoosewhentheyareconstantlyexposedtoattractiveadvertisementsthatarespeciallymadetocapturetheyouthmarket.Peacefulprotestscouldbearrangedjusttohelppeopletothinkaboutthesituation,butthetendencyinourworldisthatwewantglobalization,butwedon'twanttoloseourownculture.16.TheAmericanizationphenomenonismorepossibletobetheresultof______.A.theinfluenceofAmericanizationontheworldB.theinfluenceoftheWestontheEastC.theglobalizationintheworldD.Americanproductsworldwide17.Whatwastheauthorinthepassageparticularlyimpressedby?A.ThewonderfulAmerican-Chinesemovie.B.ThedeliciousJapanesefoodinAmericancities.C.ThehighqualityofAsianproducts.D.ThefantasticadvertisementforanAmericanproduct.18.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatoneoftheconsequencesofglobalizationthatmanypeopleworryaboutis______.A.thespreadofculturefromonecountrytoanotherB.thedestructionofculturalidentitiesC.theprevalenceofAmericancultureD.theresistancetoglobalizationworldwide19.Whatattitudeshouldwehavetowardstheglobalizationprocess?A.Disapproving.B.Pessimistic.C.Critical.D.Indifferent.20.Youngpeopletodaycan'treallychoosewhattheyshouldbuybecausethey_______.A.areinfluencedbyAmericancultureB.don'tknowwhatissuitableforthemC.arecriticalabouteverythingintheworldD.arefacedwithtoomanypowerfuladvertisementsPassageFivePresentpensionstructuresnolongerwork.Theywereestablishedinamoreyouthfulperiodwithrelativelyfewolderpeoplewhowereoftenpoorandill,andgenerallyspentonlyashorttimeinretirement.Inrichcountriestoday,olderpeopleareoftenwell-offandingoodhealth,andarespendingaround20yearsinretirement.Thereforethereistheneedforreform.Thissurveyhaspresentedtheargumentsformoreprivatefundingandforfairerpensions.Suchchangeswillcreatemotivesforindividualstotakechargeoftheirownretirementneedsratherthanleavingthetasktothestate.This,inturn,willmaketheprovisionofpublicpensionsmoreaffordable.Evenso,thestatewillcontinuetoplayaleadingroleinpensions.Ataminimum,governmentsmustofferasafetynet,probablyintheformofadefinedbenefitfinancedthroughtaxation,forpeoplewhoforsomereasonhavenotbeenabletoprovideforthemselvesandwhowouldotherwisebemiserableinoldage.Morebroadly,thereisauseforthestatetoofferaslimmed-downpay-as-you-gopensionsystem,althoughasfaraspossiblethisshouldbeorganizedalongdefined-contributionslines.Suchprovisionwidenstherangeofassetstoincludehumancapitalbecausetheeffectiveret