新概念英语第二册Lesson51知识点详解讲义

LESSON如何讲述人物趣事：节食有多难Part1.词汇脱口秀reward /n.回报,奖赏词源探秘：为啥reward表示“回报”？前缀re表示“back”回来，ward=“tolook,heed,watch”就是“看，注意所以reward字面意思是 【听记1】。“AcademyAward”为啥Award表示“奖项，奖品”？如何使用reward?用法1：rewardsbwithsth.用法2：rewardsbfor(doing)sth.场景造句：IfyougetanAonthetest,IwillrewardyouwithaDisneylandtour.ThekidwasrewardedforhisgreatperformanceonthetestwithaDisneylandtour.WhenIwavedtothebeautifulgirl,sherewardedmewithasmile.GrantUsanHonorandChinaWillRewardtheWorldwithMoreSplendor.人人渴望收获和回报，但是如何获得reward?“Beforetherewardtheremustbelabor.【注意这里的reward是一个名词】Youplantbeforeyouharvest.Yousowintearsbeforeyoureapjoy.”----美国艺术家RalphRansomGivingopensthewayforreceiving.Somepeopleworkwithoutexpectingareward.Theyworkliketheydon’tneedmoney.Becausetothosewhoenjoytheirwork,workitselfisarewardingexperience.virtuen.为啥virtue表示美德？virtueman,virtutem男子气概，力量，勇气等。所以，virtue这个词最初含义： 2】byvirtueof才有表示“凭借”的意思？byvirtueof=bymeansof,becauseofShegotthejobbyvirtueofherrichexperience.Virtual有什么关系？VirtualReality虚拟现实virtualcurrency虚拟货币diet节食，规定饮食Ifyouareonadiet,youonlyeatspecialkindsoffoodoryoueatlessfoodthanusualbecauseyouaretryingtoloseweight.Ihavedecidedtogoonadiet.节食的目的往往是为了减肥。减肥/增重的说法：loseweightvs.gainweightToloseweight,youmustuseorburnoffmorecaloriesthanyoutakein.Ifyoueatanddrinkmorecaloriesthanyouburnoff,you'llgainweight.takeoffweight/poundsvs.putonweight/poundsoffputon是什么画面？Havingputon20pounds,Ineedtotakeoffextraweight.日常饮食Yourdietisthetypeoffoodyoueateachday.Tokeepfit,youshouldeatahealthydiet.alow-fatdiet低脂肪饮食alow-caloriediet低热量(卡路里)饮食avegetariandiet素食Abalanceddietisimportantbecauseourorgansandtissues（组织）needpropernutritiontoworkeffectively.Sowearesupposedtoeatfruits,vegetables,grains(谷物),proteins(蛋白质),anddairyproductstokeepabalanceddiet.forbid 禁止Ifyouforbidsomeonetodosomething,orifyouforbidanactivity,youorderthatitmustnotbedone.注意动词变化：forbid,forbade,forbidden经典用法：forbidsb.todo.或者：forbidsb.fromdoingMyfatherforbidsmetogooutsideafter10pm.Myfatherforbidsmefromgoingoutsideafter10pm.Iamforbiddentogooutsideafter10pm.注意：过去分词：forbidden紫禁城：TheForbiddenCity这里禁止吸烟：Smokingisforbiddenhere.口语中可以说：Smokingisano-nohere.Spittingisano-nohere.随地吐痰是不可以的：区别：三种禁止Forbid 命令某人不做某事，可以是口头命令。Ordersb.nottodosth.Prohibit（正式）强调通过法律规章禁止tosaythatanactionisillegalornotallowedSmokingisstrictlyprohibitedinsidethegasstation.Ban officiallyforbidsthTheUNhasbannedtheuseofchemicalweapons.embarrass vt.使尴尬Ifsomethingorsomeoneembarrassesyou,theymakeyoufeelshyorashamed.词源速记：em+barr+assem=into表示：进入,向内；barr=bar表示：木棒，障碍；ass是后缀表示词性；embarrass这个动词的核心意思就是：“toblockandmakesbfeelawkward”用法注意：Iamembarrassed./Ifeelembarrassed.Whenwillyoufeelembarrassed?Youwillfeelembarrassedwhenfallingoverinpublic.Youwillfeelembarrassedwhenwavingtoastrangerthinkingit’syourfriend,Youwillalsofeelembarrassedwhentextingthewrongperson.特朗普总统的尴尬时刻：ButnoonecouldbemoreembarrassedthanUSPresidentDonaldTrumpwhenhemadeaspeechattheU.N.GeneralAssembly.DonaldTrumpboastedabouthisachievementasthePresidentoftheUnitedStates.“Inlessthantwoyears,myadministrationhasaccomplished（完成）morethanalmostanyadministrationinthehistoryofourcountry.”听见下面哄堂大笑，特朗普说：“Didn’texpectthatreaction,butthat’sokay.”Obviously,thelaughterembarrassedPresidentTrump.Andhefeltembarrassedthoughhedidn’twanttoadmit.ItwasanembarrassingmomentforPresidentTrump.美国媒体:“TheWholeWorldLaughedatTrumpattheUnitedNations.”【听记答案】回头关照、关注具有男性一般的力量和品德，如勇敢、坚毅等LESSON如何讲述人物趣事：节食有多难Part2.句型精讲Myfriend,Hugh,hasalwaysbeenfat,butthingsgotsobadrecentlythathedecidedtogoonadiet.亮点赏析：1）铺垫与递进：大家体会一下：”Butthingsgotsobad...”这句话用的特别精致，有两个作用：一.避免重复说用词二.非常委婉造成了一种幽默的效果。为啥？那么情况遭到什么程度呢？结果状语thathedecidedtogoonadiet.Obviously,hecouldn’tbearhissituationanymore.精彩表达：but这个词表转折，两种转折：可能“转 ”，也可以“转 ”。区别一下：Mikewasenergeticthismorning,buthewasverysickintheafternoon.Mikewasverysickthisafternoon,butthingsgotsobadintheeveningthathesuddenlyfelloverandfainted.Heexplainedthathisdietwassostrictthathehadtorewardhimselfoccasionally.Thenheshowedmethecontentsoftheparcel.Itcontainedfivelargebarsofchocolateandthreebagsofsweets!亮点赏析：1）悬念使用技巧： dramaticquestion1:Whatwasinsidetheparcel?dramaticquestion2:Howdidherewardhimself?Thekeytosuspenseisnottoanswerthedramaticquestiontoosoon.曾有同学问我说：Thenheshowedmethecontentsoftheparcel.Itcontainedfivelargebarsofchocolateandthreebagsofsweets!是不是可以定语从句连起来，写成：Thenheshowedmethecontentsoftheparcelwhichcontainedfivelargebarsofchocolateandthreebagsofsweets!但是，为啥课文中没有用定语从句？【请听音频】2）Satire讽刺的使用大家体会一下：“hisdietwassostrictthathehadtorewardhimselfoccasionally.”Heactuallyrewardedhimselfwithmorehigh-caloriefood.Hisdietwassostrictthathecouldn’tsticktoitandhadtoindulgehimselfoccasionally.Satire是嘲笑么？Satireisahumorouswayofcriticizingsomethingorsomeone.MarkTwain就是幽默大师，擅长Satire.用到Satire的句子特点是： Ifyoudon’treadthenewspaper,youareuninformed;ifyoudoreadthenewspaper,youaremisinformed.Truthisthemostvaluablethingwehave.Letuseconomizeit.self-mockery:Itrytoavoidthingsthatmakemefat...likescales,mirrorsandphotographs.IwishIcouldloseweightaseasilyasIlosemykeys,pen,cellphone,mytemper,andevenmymind.LESSON如何讲述人物趣事：节食有多难Part3.故事转述中英文逐句转述节食有多么容易呢？让我来和大家分享关于我的好友Jack的一个故事。Howeasyisittogoonadiet?LetmesharewithyouastoryaboutmyfriendJack.【注意：为啥这里用howeasy而不是howdifficult？】Jack一直都挺胖，但最近每况愈下。Jackhasalwaysbeenoverweight,butrecentlythingsweregoingfrombadtoworse.diet.他第二天就开始了节食。Hestartedhisdietthefollowingday.首先，他写了一个很长的清单，列出所有严格禁止的食物。Firstofall,hemadealonglistofallthefoodsthatwerestrictlyforbidden.大多数他喜欢吃的东西都上了“黑名单”sweets.从那时起，这些食物将被看做是他的敌人。Fromthenon,thosefoodswouldbetreatedashisenemies.昨天，我拜访了他家。一点都不奇怪，他依然像往日一样胖。Yesterday,Icalledathishouse.Notsurprisingly,hewasasfatasbefore.在把我领进屋后，他匆忙把一个大袋藏到书桌下。Afterleadingmeintohisroom,hehidalargeparcelunderhisdeskinahurry.我知道他想隐藏些不可告人的事，就问他说那个包装着什么。Iknewhewastryingtosweepsomethingunderthecarpetandaskedhimwhatitwas.他内疚地笑着，把包放回了桌上。Smilingguiltily,heputtheparcelbackonhisdesk.他向我解释说：他的节食计划进行的如此顺利，所以他忍不住要时不时奖励一下自己。Heexplainedtomethathisdietplanwasgoing“sowell”thathecouldn’thelprewardinghimselffromtimetotime.然后，他向我展示了他神秘大包里的东西，里面有八块巧克力，和三袋薯片。Laterherevealedthecontentsofhismysteriousparcel,whichcontainedeightlargebarsofchocolateandthreebagsofpotatochips.所以，女士们先生，请大家牢牢记住。节食的第二天，永远比第一天简单，因为到了第二天，你不会坚持了。Soladiesandgentlemen,justkeepthisinmind:theseconddayofadietisalwayseasierthanthefirst.Becausebythesecondday,youareoffit.全英文转述Howeasyisittogoonadiet?LetmesharewithyouastoryaboutmyfriendJack.Jackhasalwaysbeenoverweight,butrecentlythingsweregoingfrombadtoworse.LastMonday,afterglancingathimselfinthemirror,hecouldn’tevenbelievehiseyesandquicklymadeuphismindtogoonadiet.Hestartedhisdietthefollowingday.Firstofall,hemadealonglistofallthefoodsthatwerestrictlyforbidden.Mostofthethingsheloveswereonthe“blacklist”:butter,potatochips,Frenchfries,beer,milk,chocolateandsweets.Fromthenon,thosefoodswouldbetreatedashisenemies.Yesterday,Icalledathishouse.Notsurprisingly,hewasasfatasbefore.Afterleadingmeintohisroom,hehidalargeparcelunderhisdeskinahurry.Iknewhewastryingtosweepsomethingunderthecarpetandaskedhimwhatitwas.Smilingguiltily,heputtheparcelbackonhisdesk.Heexplainedtomethathisdietplanwasgoing“sowell”thathecouldn’thelprewardinghimselffromtimetotime.Laterherevealedthecontentsofhismysteriousparcel,whichcontainedeightlargebars