00603英语写作2001年10月试卷

00603英语写作第3页共3页全国2001年10月高等教育自学考试英语写作试题课程代码：00603Ⅰ.Supplythemissingparagraph(20points)Thefollowingpassageisincompletewiththeconcludingparagraphmissing.Studythepassagecarefullyandwritethemissingparagraphofabout100words.Makesurethatthetoneandvocabularyyou.useareinunitywiththepassageprovided.MannersAreImportantAsonelooksabout,itbecomesveryeasytoconcludethatgoodmannersseemtobeathingofthepast.Moreandmorepeopleseemtobediscourteoustooneanother,moreindicativeofa“survivalofthefittest”attitudethanoflivinginacivilizedsociety.Althoughmuchofwhatwasconsideredgoodmannersattheturnofthelastcenturymaynolongerbeappropriate,commoncourtesyandacceptablebehaviorarestillnecessarytomakelifepleasant,especiallyasourcitiesbecomemoreandmorecrowded.Althoughcommoncourtesyistheunderlyingframework,goodmannersaremanifestedintwodistinctaresa,businessandsocialrelationships.Theworldofbusinesshasbecomeincreasinglyimpersonalovertheyears.Thefastdevelopementofcomputershasremovedthepersonaltouchfrommanybusinessdealings.Itisnotuncommon,whenphoningacompany,togetarecordedmessagetellinguswhichnumbertopress.Whenwefinallydogetalivepersonontheotherend,heoftenseemsuncaring.Goodbusinesssense,though,woulddictatetheimportanceofgettingbacktothepersonaltouch.Thespeakershouldidentifyhimselfbynametothecallerandmakeeveryefforttobecourteousandhelpful.Aboveall,heshouldtakegreatpainstoassurethecallisnotdisconnected.Inaddition,heshouldmakecertainthatthecallerisconnectedtohispartyandnotkeptwaitinglongwhilelisteningtocannedmusic.Goodmannerswillassurehappy,loyalcustomers.Goodmannersare,perhaps,mostfrequentlyassociatedwithsocialrelationships.Unfortunately,hereagaintheyseemtobeindecline.Givingupone'sseatonacrowdedbustoanelderlyperson,apregnantwoman,oranobviouslytiredpersonseemstobeathingofthepast.Peoplealsoseemtohaveforgottenhowtobehaveasanaudience.Itisnotuncommontoseepeopleputtingtheirfeetupontheseatsinfrontofthemortalkingloudlyduringamovieorplay.Evenrestaurantsarenotimmunefromthelackofgoodmanners.Youngparentsdonotseemtocarethattheirchildrenareroamingthroughouttherestaurantorarecryinganddisturbingtheotherguests.Theseexamplestouchonlythesurfaceoftherapiddeclineofgoodmanners.Ⅱ.Writeanoutline(20points)Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandcomposea“topicoutline”forit.TheEffectsofTelevisiononChildren'sSocialRelationsTVpresentsthechildwithadistorteddefinitionofreality.Thechildintheaffluentsuburborthesmallmid-westerntownexistswithinhisownlimitedreality.Hisexperiencewithsocialproblemsorpeopleofdifferentraces,religions,ornationalitiesisprobablysomewhatlimited.Astelevisionexposeshimtoadiversityofpeopleandideas,itsurelyexpandstheboundariesofhisreality.ItispreciselybecausehenowreliesheavilyonTVtodefineotherrealitiesforhimthatwemustexaminecarefullywhatthoseimagesare.Iftheyareinaccurateordistorted,thentelevision'srealityispotentiallyharmful.TVdistortsrealitybyselectingcertainkindsofimagesandomittingothersandbyportrayingpeopleinastereotypedway.Itportrayssomecategoriesofpeoplewithbeauty,powerandimportanceandrendersothersweak,helplessorinvisible.SoseriousistherelativeinvisibilityofsomegroupsonTVthatDr.GeorgeGerbneroftheAnnenbergSchoolofCommunicationscontends,“Ifyou'renotonTV,youdon'texist.”TheTVcameraselectscertainimagestobeexamples,sometimesfunctioninglikeamagnifyingglasshelduptotheworstincivilizationinsteadofthebest.WhenTVproducersfocusonviolentugliness,theyliftitoutandholditupforalltosee,makingitimpressivelylargerthanlife.Afistfightthatoccursoutsidemywindowandiswitnessedbyonlyfivepeoplemaybevideotaped,broadcastand“witnessed”vicariouslybymillionsofpeople,thusmultiplyingtheexamplesetbythefistfighters.IntheUnitedStates,mostpeoplehavenotwitnessedmurder,yetbecauseoftelevisionmostchildrenhaveseenhundredsofthousandsofviolentdeathsandthereforebelievethattheworldismoreviolentthanitactuallyis.TVsays,ineffect:Thisisthewaytheworldworks.Therearetherules.TheimagespresentedonTVtendtobeexaggeratedorglorified,andsobelievedandacceptedasmodelstobecopied.AfterTVheavilypromotedEvelKnievel'sattemptto“fly”hismotorcycleovertheSnakeRiver,manychildrenimitatedhisstuntswiththeirbicyclesonhomemaderamps.Andmanylandedinhospitals.TVaffectshumanrelationshipsaswellasbehaviorbyinfluencingourfeelingsaboutourselvesandourexpectationsforourselvesandothers.Toofrequentlystereotypesprovideuswithinstantdifinitions.Thestereotypeassignstoanindividualcharacteristicsassociatedwithagroupthatmayormaynotbeaccurate.Wetendtonoteasinglefeatureofapersonandfillinthedetailsfromastorehouseofstereotypes.ViaTV'sstereotypesweseemenasstrongandactive,womenprettyandathome.Alltofrequently,minoritiesarecastinexaggeratedportrayalsandstereotypedroles,moreaswhitemaleproducersperceivethemthanthewayminoritypersonsperceivethemselves.Exposuretostereotypedpresentationscaneasilyinfluenceviewers'behaviortowardunfamiliarpeople.TVimages,infact,teachvaluesandbehaviors,especiallytochildrenwhohavelittlefirsthandknowledgeoftherealworld.Totheextentthatchildrenareexposedtocertaincharacters'portrayalsandbehaviorsonTV,theymayacquireorlearnthosebehaviorsandrolesandeventuallyacceptthemasmodelsfortheirownattitudesandactions.Perhapsmostseriousaretheeffectsofinformationdistortionsonthechild'sself-image.Atsomelevelwebegintojudgeourownmeaning,dignityandworthincomparisonwiththeTVcharacterswhoportraypeoplelikeus.Weshouldbefullyawarethatthereinaccurateordistortedportrayalmaybeharmfultochildren'sgrowth.Ⅲ.Composition(60points)Teacherspaylittleattentiontothoseschoolfailures,assumingthatacademicfailuremeansfailureineverything.Whatdoyouthinkofthisattitude?Writeashortargumentativeessay(about300words)explainingyourview.全国2001年10月高等教育自学考试英语写作试题参考答案课程代码：00603第一部分【参考答案】Supplythemissingparagraph(20points)Goodmannersinthemoderntimesareessentialforpeopletolivecomfortablyandpeacefullywitheachotherineveryaspectoftheirlives.Asourcitiesaregrowingmoreandmorecrowdeditisthegoodmannersthatwillhelppeoplelearntoselfregulatetheirbehaviortomakethemselvessuitableinthesociety,and,moreover,itisthegoodmannersthatwill