第三册同义词辨析

USAGE:ADOPT/ADAPT

adapt:①「to」changesth.tosuitanewneedeg:Headaptedanoldcarenginetodrivehisboat.②changetobemoresuitableeg:WhenhemovedtoFrance,thechildrenadapted(tothechange)verywell.→adaptable:adjabletochangeorbechangedsoastobe↓suitablefornewneeds,differentconditions,etc.unadaptable→adaptability→adaptationeg:Thefilmisadaptedfromanovel.Thenovelisadaptedforafilm.

back

1

USAGE:error/mistakeAnerroristhesameasamistakeexceptthat:①Errorsuggestsamoralwrong,mistakeamisjudgment.eg:Itookhisumbrellabymistake.Itookhisumbrellainerror.②Errorisamoreformalword.③Incertainfixedphrasesonlyoneofthemcanbeused.eg:anerrorofjudgment/bymistake④Asmallunintendedmistakeisasliporanoversight.eg:Imeantowrite“son”not“sun”-itwasjustaslipofthepen.Byanoversight,Iforgettoposttheletter.

back2error和mistake是同义词，有时可以换用。例如：spelling

errors/mistakes拼写错误;grammaticalerrors/mistakes语法错误。

在指日常生活中的一般错误时，用mistake稍多一些。着重指由于理解、认

识或判断上的不正确而造成行动或看法上的错误。

在表示不合格，特别是不合道德标准时，用error更多一些，有时可做“误

差、谬误”解。

在一些固定搭配中，error和mistake不能互换。例如：

Ididitinerror/bymistakes.我误做了那件事。

Hefellintoaseriouserror./Hemadeaseriousmistake.

他犯了一个严重错误3Cf:clothe:①给某人穿衣(=dress)②供给…衣服eg:Sheclotheherselfinherbest.Thefieldwasclothedinsnow.★clothe/dress/undress+sbputon/wear/takeoff+sthclothes:(具体的一件件)衣服,可与many,few连用,但不能与数词连用clothing:「总称」服装,被褥foodandclothing

back4Thesickwomanwasingreatpainandgroanedcontinually.★painful:causingpain,givingpain使人感到痛苦

inpain:自己感到痛苦,疼痛eg:1)Thelittlegirlisinpainbecauseshehasacutinafinger.2)Thelittlegirlhasapainfulcutinafinger.

back51.Settledown:1)to(causeto)sitcomfortably(settlesbdown)eg:Shesettledherselfdowninachairwithabook.2)toestablishahomeandliveaquietlifeeg:Iwanttogetmarriedandsettledown.3)tobecomeusedtoawayoflife,job,etc.eg:Hesoonsettleddowninhisnewschool.

2.Settleforsth:toaccept(sthlessthanhopedfor)eg:Iwant＄500formycarandIwon’tsettleforless.

3.Settlesbin:to(helpto)getusedtoanewhome,job,etc.eg:Itwasthefirsttimeshehadlefthome,soittookherawhiletosettlein.

4.settled:adj(unlikelytochange,fixed)back6Cf:haul/drag/tug/tow

haul:拖拉

drag:topullsb.orsth.alongtheground,oftenbecausetheyaretooheavytocarry硬拉

eg:Hemanagedtodragthetableintothekitchen.tug:topullwithoneormoreshort,quickpullseg:Shekepttugginginsistentlyathissleeve.

tow:topullavehicleorshipalongbehindanothervehicleusingaropeorchain用绳索拖引eg:Theshiphadtobetowedintotheharbor.

back7Cf:content/satisfy☆Thepoorareoftencontented,butamiserisneversatisfied.

back8USAGE

urge:astrongwishorneed

urgency:sthorsituationthatveryimportantandneedingtobedealtwithfirstorquickly

emergence:appearance

emergency:anunexpectedanddangeroushappeningwhichmustbedealtwithquicklyeg:anemergencyexitback9※历史事件ahistoricalevent历史性事件ahistoricevent历史人物ahistoricalcharacter历史名城ahistorictowneg:Ifyouhavenothingtodo,whydon’tyouvisitthehistorymuseum?(ahistorymuseum=amuseumdealingwiththesubjectofhistory)

back10Confidence:n1)fulltrust;beliefinone’sownoranother’sability「+in」★haveconfidencein2)asecret;somepersonalmattertoldsecretlytoaperson★inconfidence(secretly,privately)eg:Itoldyouthatinconfidence,sowhydidyoutelljackaboutit?

confidentiality:n(asituationinwhichyoutrustsomeonenottotellsecretorprivateinformationtoanyoneelse)

back11Digestible:「adj」foodthatisdigestiblecanbeeasilydigested----(oppositeindigestible)Digestive:「adj:onlybeforen」connectedwiththeprocessofdigestioneg:thedigestivesystemCf:chew/swallow/digestchew:tobitefoodseveraltimesbeforeswallowingitswallow:tomakefoodordrinkgodownyourthroatandtowardsyourstomach

back

12Cf:digest/ingestingest:「technical」totakefoodintoyourbody

back13Cf:pile/stack/heap

pile:atidycollectionofseveralthingsofthesamekindplacedontopofeachother通常指把同种类的东西比较整齐的堆起来,是一般性的用语

stack:通常指将同种类同样大小的东西整齐的堆在一起

heap:alargeuntidypileofthings不论种类杂乱地堆放eg:arubbishheapstack是整齐的一堆。pile是随便堆放的...astackof有一摞，一堆的意思，而apileof只有一堆的意思，所以要表示一摞……就要用前者...Pile:n.堆...

back14★overdue:adj迟到的,过期的eg:Anapologyfromhimislongoverdue.★undue:adj不适当的,过多的eg:Hegivesundueattentiontosmallproblems.

back

15Cf:thin/slim/slender/lean/skinny/underweight/1.Thin

isageneralwordtodescribepeoplewhohavelittleornofatontheirbodies(oppositefat),butitoftensoundsalittlenegative.2.Ifyouwanttomakeclearthatsomeoneisthininapleasantway,youcansaytheyareslimor(lesscommon)slender.Youcanalsosaylean(=thininastrongandhealthyway)3.Ifsomeoneisabittoothintheyareskinny(informal),or

underweight

(thetechnicalword).

back16Cf:suspect/doubtdoubt:①tothinkthatsthmaynotbetrue★doubt(that)②tothinkthatsthisunlikely★doubtif/whethereg:Wesuspectthatheisill.Wedoubtwhetherheisill.

back17doubt的怀疑是指觉得什么东西不可能，比如idoubthishonesty.我怀疑他的诚实性，换句话说就是我觉得他不诚实。

suspect的怀疑是指觉得什么东西有可能怎么样，比如isuspecthisisatheif.我怀疑他是小偷，也就是说，我觉得他很有可能是小偷。如果是idoubtheisatheif.则变成，我觉得（怀疑）他不是小偷。

中文都是用怀疑，那么到底是怀疑有可能，还是怀疑不可能，则通过上下文判断。

比如，我怀疑他是小偷。这句话如果放在一段前面已经讲了这个人没有作案动机后面，那么则是认为他不是小偷。如果前面已经讲了这个人贼眉鼠眼，则是认为他是小偷18doubt与suspect的用法比较doubt与suspect作动词用，都有“怀疑”的意思，但实际上它们的用法还是有区别的。下面我们就来比较一下：一.如果后面接名词、代词或名词性词组时，两者基本上可通用。例如：Idoubt/suspectthetruthofherstatement.我对她那番话的真实性表示怀疑。Hesayshecancureme，butIstilldoubt/suspecthim.他说他能治好我的病，但我仍对他不放心。

19二.如果后面接that从句，意思就截然不同。doubt意为“无把握；不相信（questionthetruthof；don'tbelieve/think）”，怀疑其无。suspect意为“有存在或属实的想法；相信（haveanideaoftheexistence；believe；guess）”，怀疑其有。例如：Idoubtthathehasstolenmywatch.我不相信他偷了我的手表。Isuspectthathehasstolenmywatch.我怀疑/猜想他偷了我的手表。Thedoctorsuspectedthathewasillwithflu.医生怀疑/认为他得了流感。这时doubt更多用于否定句或疑问句中。如：Idon'tdoubtthatheisright.我确信他是对的。Ididn'tdoubtthathewouldcome.我当时相信他会来的。Whydidshedoubtthattheywerecheats？她为什么怀疑他们是骗子？Whatmadeyoususpectherofhavingtakenthemoney？你凭什么怀疑钱是她偷的20三.doubt用于肯定句中时，多接whether/if引导的从句，意义与that从句不同，这时意为“不敢肯定（feeluncertainabout）”。而suspect不可接这种从句。例如：Idoubtwhether/ifhe'llcome.我不敢肯定他来不来。It'sraininghard.Idoubtwhetheritwillbefinetomorrow.雨下得很大，我不敢说明天会晴。四.其他搭配。doubt可作不及物动词，用于doubtofsth；suspect用于suspectsthtobe，suspectsbof（doing）sth.例如：Sheneverdoubtedofhissuccess.她从不怀疑他的成功。Isuspectedhimtobethespy.我认为他就是那个间谋。21Politics:n:（复数）政见，政纲（单数）政治学eg:Whatareyourpolictics?★以-ics结尾的学科名词，当它做“学科“以外的解释时，或特别是在前加了定冠词，物主代词或等时，常常复用

back22

cf:assure/reassure/insure/ensure/makesure1)assure:ifyouassuresbofsth,youtellthemthatitisreallytrueorwillhappeneg:ThereceptionistassuredmethatIwouldnothavetowaitlong.2)reassure:youreassuresbwhoisworriedbytellingthemthatthereisnothingtoworryabouteg:Thedoctorreassuredmethattherewouldbenopain.3)insure:①youmayinsuresthagainststhbadhappeningtoitbypayingmoneytoaninsurancecompany②it’salsopossibletoinsureyourlifeagainstdeath,thoughwheresthiscertaintohappenoneday以十分肯定的语气向别人保证某事一定发生eg:人寿保险lifeassurance（英）/lifeinsurance（美）4)ensure:ifyouensure(usu.insureinAmericanEnglish)thatsthhappens,thatmeansyoumakecertainormakesure(moreinformal)itdoeshappen确保某种行动或动因的结果一定会发生eg:Pleaseensurethatthelightsareswitchedoffbeforeleavingthebuilding。back23Insure:v:①tobuyinsurancetoprotectyourselfagainststhbadhappeningtoyou,yourfamilyetc★insure(sth/sb)againststheg:Itwouldbewisetoinsureyourpropertyagainststormdamage.②toprovideinsuranceforsthorsbeg:Heinsuredhishouseagainstfirefortenmillionyuan.Heinsuredhimselfagainstdeathfortenmillionyuan.

back24Cf:hardly/scarcely/barely

hardly:强“困难”,着重实际上不可能eg:Youcanhardlyexpectmetoofferyoua