经济类单词十

经济类单词十常见经济类词汇ZTeconomist经济学家socialisteconomy社会主义经济caitalisteconomy资本主义经济collectiveeconomy集体经济lannedeconomy计划经济controlledeconomy管制经济ruraleconomics农村经济liberaleconomy自由经济mixedeconomy混合经济oliticaleconomy政治经济学rotectionism保护主义autarchy闭关自守rimarysector初级成分rivatesector私营成分,私营部门ublicsector公共部门,公共成分economicchannels经济渠道economicbalance经济平衡economicfluctuation经济波动economicderession经济衰退economicstability经济稳定economicolicy经济政策economicrecovery经济复原understanding约定concentration集中holdingcomany控股公司trust托拉斯cartel卡特尔rateofgrowth增长economictrend经济趋势economicsituation经济形势infrastructure基本建设standardofliving生活标准,生活水平urchasingower,buyingower购买力scarcity短缺stagnation停滞,萧条,不景气underdeveloment不发达underdeveloed不发达的develoing发展中的initialcaital创办资本frozencaital冻结资金frozenassets冻结资产fixedassets固定资产realestate不动产,房地产circulatingcaital,workingcaital流动资本availablecaital可用资产caitalgoods资本货物reserve准备金,储备金callinguofcaital催缴资本allocationoffunds资金分配contributionoffunds资金捐献workingcaitalfund周转基金revolvingfund循环基金,周转性基金contingencyfund意外开支,准备金reservefund准备金bufferfund缓冲基金,平准基金sinkingfund偿债基金investment投资,资产investor投资人self-financing自筹经费,经费自给bank银行currentaccount经常帐户(美作:checkingaccount)current-accountholder支票帐户(美作:checking-accountholder)cheque支票(美作:check)bearercheque,chequeayabletobearer无记名支票,来人支票crossedcheque划线支票traveller'scheque旅行支票chequebook支票簿,支票本(美作:checkbook)endorsement背书transfer转让,转帐,过户money货币issue发行readymoney现钱cash现金readymoneybusiness,nocreditgiven现金,概不赊欠change零钱banknote,note钞票,纸币(美作:bill)toay(in)cash付现金domesticcurrency,localcurrency]本国货币convertibility可兑换性convertiblecurrencies可自由兑换货币exchangerate汇率,兑换率foreignexchange外汇floatingexchangerate浮动汇率freeexchangerates自由汇兑市场foreignexchangecertificate外汇兑换券hardcurrency硬通货seculation投机saving储装,存款dereciation减价,贬值devaluation(货币)贬值revaluation重估价runawayinflation无法控制的通货膨胀deflation通货紧缩caitalflight资本外逃securitiesbusiness证券市场stockexchange股票市场stockexchangecororation证券所stockexchange证券所,股票所quotation,牌价share股份,股票shareholder,stockholder股票持有人,股东dividend股息,红利cashdividend现金配股stockinvestment股票投资investmenttrust投资信托stock-jobber股票经纪人stockcomany,stockbrokeragefirm证券公司securities有价证券share,commonstock普通股referencestock优先股incomegain股利收入issue发行股票arvalue股面,票面bull买手,多头bear卖手,空头assigned过户oeningrice开盘closingrice收盘hardtimes低潮businessrecession景气衰退doldrums景气停滞dull盘整ease松弛raisinglimit涨停板break暴跌bond,debenture债券WallStreet华尔街shorttermloan短期贷款longtermloan长期贷款mediumtermloan中期贷款lender债权人creditor债权人debtor债务人,借方borrower借方,借款人borrowing借款interest利息rateofinterest利率discount贴现,扣rediscount再贴现annuity年金maturity到期日,偿还日amortization摊销,摊还,分期偿付redemtion偿还insurance保险mortgage抵押allotment拨款shorttermcredit短期信贷consolidateddebt合并债务fundeddebt固定债务,长期债务floatingdebt流动债务drawing提款,提存aid援助allowance,grant,subsidy补贴,补助金,津贴cost成本,费用exenditure,outgoings开支,支出fixedcosts固定成本overheadcosts营业间接成本overheads杂项开支,间接成本oeratingcosts生产费用,营业成本oeratingexenses营业费用runningexenses日常费用,经营费用miscellaneouscosts杂项费用overheadexenses间接费用,管理费用ukeecosts,maintenancecosts维修费用,养护费用transortcosts运输费用socialcharges社会负担费用contingentexenses,contingencies或有费用aortionmentofexenses分摊费用income收入,收益earnings利润,收益grossincome,grossearnings总收入,总收益grossrofit,grossbenefit毛利,总利润,利益毛额netincome纯收益,净收入,收益净额averageincome平均收入nationalincome国民收入rofitability,rofitearningcaacity利润率,赢利率yield产量收益,收益率increaseinvalue,areciation增值,升值duty税taxationsystem税制taxation征税,纳税fiscalcharges财务税收rogressivetaxation累进税制graduatedtax累进税valueaddedtax增值税incometax所得税landtax地租,地价税excisetax特许权税basisofassessment估税标准taxableincome须纳税的收入fiscality检查tax-free免税的taxexemtion免税taxayer纳税人taxcollector收税员国民生产总值GN(GrossNationalroduct)人均国民生产总值ercaitaGN产值oututvalue鼓励giveincentiveto投入inut宏观控制exercisemacro-control优化经济结构otimizetheeconomicstructure输入活力bringvigorinto改善经济环境imroveeconomicenvironment整顿经济秩序rectifyeconomicorder有效地控制通货膨胀effectivelycontrolinflation非公有成分non-ublicsectors主要成分dominantsector实在的tangible全体会议lenarysession解放生产力liberate/unshackle/releasetheroductiveforces引入歧途leadonetoablindalley举措move实事求是seektruthfromfacts引进、输入imortation和平演变eacefulevolution试一下haveago(atsth.)精华、精粹、实质quintessence家庭联产责任承包制family-contractresonsibilitysystem搞活企业invigorateenterrises商品经济commodityeconomy基石cornerstone零售retail发电量electricenergyroduction有色金属nonferrousmetals人均收入ercaitaincome使负担besaddledwith营业发达的公司goingconcerns被兼并或挤掉annexedorforcedoutofbusiness善于接受的recetive增额、增值、增长increment发展过快excessivegrowth抽样调查datafromthesamlesurvey扣除物价上涨部分riceincreasearededucted(excluded)实际增长率actualgrowthrate国际收支internationalbalanceofayments流通制度circulationsystem总工资totalwages分配形式formsofdistribution风险资金riskfunds管理不善oormanagement农业farming林业forestry畜牧业animalhusbandry副业sidelineroduction渔业fishing第一产业rimaryindustry第二产业secondaryindustry第三产业tertiaryindustry生产资料meansofroduction生活资料meansoflivelihood/subsistence生产关系relationsofroduction生产力roductiveforces公有制ublicownershi私有制rivateownershi全民所有制ownershibytheentire/wholeeole社会主义集体所有制socialistcollectiveownershi厉行节约反对浪费toracticestricteconomyandcombatwaste外资企业foreign-fundedenterrise合资企业jointventure合作企业cooerativeenterrise独资企业whollyforeignowned/fundedenterrise一个中心、两个基本点onecentraltaskandtwobasicoints以经济建设为中心坚持四项基本原则（1）社会主义道（2）党的领导（3）人民民主专政（4）马列主义毛泽东思想、坚持改革开放thecentraltaskreferstoeconomicconstructionandtwobasicointsarethefourcardinalrinciles-adherencetothesocialistroad,toCommunistartyleadershi,totheeole'sdemocraticdictatorshiandtoMarxism-LeninismandMaoZedongThought-andersistinginreformandoening.改革是“社会主义制度的自我完善和自我发展”。Reformis"theself-erfectionandself-develomentofthesocialistsystem."我们辨别的标准是看这样做是否有利于发展社会主义的生产力是否有利于增强社会主义国家的综合国力是否有利于提高人民的生活水平。Thecriterionforourjudgementiswhetherthemovefacilitatesthedevelomentofsocialistroductiveforces,whetherithelsincreasetheoverallnationalstrengthofasocialistcountry,andwhetheritbringsaboutbetterlivingstandards.社会主义的最终目标是解放生产力消灭剥削消除贫富两极分化最终达到共同富裕。Themaingoalsofsocialismaretheliberationanddevelomentofroductiveforces,theeliminationofexloitationandolarizationbetweentherichandtheoorandthefinalachievementofcommonroserity.要人们警惕右和“左”的影响特别是“左”的根深蒂固的影响。towarneoleoftheinfluenceofboththeRightandthe"Left"deviations,articularlyofthedee-rooted"Left"influence.中国要警惕右但更要防“左”。ChinaneedstobevigilantagainsttheRightdeviation,butrimarily,itshouldguardagainstthe"Left"deviation.资本主义和社会主义并不是以计划经济和市场的多少来划分的。Socialismandcaitalismarenotdistinguishedbytheroortionoflannedandmarketeconomy.随着改革的深化国家指令性计划的范围将会缩小而市场调节的范围将会扩大。Asthereformfurtherdevelos,thescoeformandatorystatelanswillbenarrowed,whilethescoeformarketforceswillbeenlarged.初步建立社会主义计划商品经济新体制。toestablishatareliminarylevelanewsystemofsocialistlannedcommodityeconomy.各尽所能按劳/需分配。fromeachaccordingtohisability,toeachaccordingtohiswork/needs.经济结构改革。reformineconomicstructure剩余劳动力。surluslabor经营机制oerativemechanism发挥市场的调节作用togivelaytotheregulatoryroleofthemarket经济和法律的杠杆economicandlegalleverages经济计划和市场调节相结合tocombineeconomiclanningwithmarketregulation计划经济和市场调节相结合的机制amechanismthatcombineslannedeconomyandmarketregulation取消国家对农产品的统购统销tocancelthestate'smonoolyontheurchaseandmarketingofagriculturalroducts改革重点转移到城市thefocusofreformisshiftedtothecities国家的根本任务是集中力量进行社会主义现代化建设Thebasictaskofthenationistoconcentrateitseffortsonsocialistmodernization.逐步实现工业、农业、国防和科学技术的现代化把我国建设成为富强、民主、文明的社会主义国家。tomodernizethecountry'sindustry,agriculture,nationaldefenceandscienceandtechnologystebystetoturnChinaintoastrongandroseroussocialistcountrywithahighlevelofcultureanddemocracy.社会主义经济制度的基础是生产资料的社会主义公有制即全民所有制和劳动群众集体所有制。Thebasisofthesocialisteconomicsystemissocialistublicownershiofthemeansofroduction,namely,ownershibythewholeeoleandcollectiveownershibytheworkingeole.国有经济即社会主义全民所有制经济是国民经济中的主导力量。Thestateeconomyisthesectorofsocialisteconomyunderownershibythewholeeole;itistheleadingforceinthenationaleconomy.国家保障国有经济的巩固和发展。Thestateensurestheconsolidationandgrowthofthestateeconomy.ChinaCouncilfortheromotionofInternationalTrade,C.C..I.T.中国国际贸易促进委员会NationalCouncilforUS-ChinaTrade美中贸易全国理事会Jaan-ChinaEconomicAssociation日中经济协会AssociationfortheromotionofInternationalTrade,Jaan国际贸易促进会BritishCouncilfortheromotionofInternationalTrade英国国际贸易促进委员会InternationalChamberofCommerce国际商会InternationalUnionofMarineInsurance国际海洋运输保险协会InternationalAluminaAssociation国际铝矾土协会UniversalostalUnion,UU万国邮政联盟CustomsCo-oerationCouncil,CCC关税合作理事会UnitedNationsTradeandDevelomentBoard联合国贸易与发展理事会OrganizationforEconomiccooerationandDeveloment,DECD经济合作与开发组织EuroeanEconomicCommunity,EEC,EuroeanCommonMarket欧洲经济共同体EuroeanFreeTradeAssociation,EFTA欧洲自由贸易联盟EuroeanFreeTradeArea,EFTA欧洲自由贸易区CouncilforMutualEconomicAid,CMEA经济互助委员会Eurogrou欧洲集团GrouofTen十国集团CommitteeofTwenty(arisClub)二十国委员会CoordinatingCommittee,COCOM巴黎统筹委员会CaribbeanCommonMarket,CCM,CaribbeanFree-TradeAssociation,CARIFTA加勒比共同市场（加勒比自由贸易同盟）AndeansCommonMarket,ACM,AndeansTreatyOrganization,ATO安第斯共同市场LatinAmericanFreeTradeAssociation,LAFTA拉丁美洲自由贸易联盟CentralAmericanCommonMarket,CACM中美洲共同市场AfricanandMalagasyCommonOrganization,OCAM非洲与马尔加什共同组织EastAfricanCommonMarket,EACM东非共同市场CentralAfricanCustomsandEconomicUnion,CEUCA中非关税经济同盟WestAfricanEconomicCommunity,WAEC西非经济共同体OrganizationoftheetroleumExortingCountries,OEC石油输出国组织OrganizationofArabetroleumExortingCountries,OAEC阿拉伯石油输出国组织CommonwealthreferenceArea英联邦区CentreNationalduCommerceExterieur,NationalCenterofExternalTrade法国对外贸易中心eole'sBankofChina中国人民银行BankofChina中国银行InternationalBankforReconstructionanddeveloment,IBRD国际复兴开发银行WorldBank世界银行InternationalDevelomentassociation,IDA国际开发协会InternationalMonetaryFoundAgreement国际货币基金协定InternationalMonetaryFound,IMF国际货币基金组织EuroeanEconomicandMonetaryUnion欧洲经济与货币同盟EuroeanMonetaryCooerationFund欧洲货币合作基金BankforInternationalSettlements,BIS国际结算银行AfricanDevelo