3肖新概念英语第二册Lesson3汇总课件

Lesson3

PleasesendmeacardLesson3

Pleasesendme1Revision:Lesson2Grammar:一般现在时1．构成：使用动词原形，第三人称单数须有变化。（1）直接加“s”，

works，takes

（2）以辅音加“y”结尾，变“y”为“i”，再加“es”,

carry→carries

（3）以“s,x,ch,sh,o”结尾的动词加“es”,

goes

dresses

watches

brushes

Revision:Lesson2Grammar:一般现在时22．功能：

（1）表现在的事实、状态或动作：

eg:Birdsfly.

Shelovesmusic.

Mary'sparentsgetupveryearly.

（2）表习惯性动作或职业，常与

often，sometimes，usually，always，everyweek，seldom，frequently

等时间副词连用。

eg:

Ialwaystakeawalkaftersupper.

Shewritestomeveryoften.

Tomandhisgirlfriendgoouttotakeapicnicoccasionally.

在句中的位置：实义动词之前，非实义动词之后2．功能：

（1）表现在的事实、状态或动作：

eg:B3

（3）表客观真理，格言警句或事实：

Theearthmovesroundthesun.

Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.

Twoandtwomakesfour.

Nomanbuterrs.人非圣贤，熟能无过。

（4）表将来：

A．在由when，after,before，as，assoonas，although，because，if，evenif，incase，till，until，unless，solongas,where,whatever，wherever等引导的状语从句中用一般现在时表将来发生的动作。例如:I'lltellherwhenshe

comestomorrow.

Evenif

itrainsthisafternoon,I'llmeetyou.

Whateverhappens,youshouldkeepcool-headed.（不错的句型，背下！！）

I'llberightherewaitingforyouwhereveryougo.（很感人的句型！）

（3）表客观真理，格言警句或事实：4

B．按时间表示将要发生的动作或事件，用一般现在时表达将来时概念。

Theplaybeginsat6:30thisevening.

Whendoestheplanetakeoff?

Heleavesforthatcitynextweek.

Accordingtothetimetable,theexpresstraintoShanghaistartsatnineinthemorning.

（按照时刻表，开往上海的特快列车早上7点出发。）

同样用法的动词有：go，come，leave，arrive，land，meet，die，start，return，join…同样用法的动词有：go，come，leave，arrive，5Exercises1.TheBrowns________anicecarandBrown'sbrother________anicejeep.

A.have/have

B.has/has

C.have/has

D.has/have

2.Iftheirhouse________notlikeours,what________itlooklike?

A.is/is

B.is/does

C.does/does

D.does/is

3.-________youthinkhewillcome?-Ifit________tomorrow,hewillnotcome.

A.Do/rains

B.Are/rains

C.Do/willrain

D.Are/willrain

4.Thelittlechild________notevenknowthatthemoon________aroundtheearth.

A.do/move

B.do/moves

C.does/moves

D.did/moved

5.Manyastudent________fondoffilms,butagoodstudentseldom________tothecinema.

A.are/goes

B.is/goes

C.are/go

D.is/goExercises1.TheBrowns_______6Discussion1Howdidyouspendyourholidayslastyear?2Wheredidyougoandwhatdidyoudo?3Whatisthebestwaytolearnaforeignlanguage?Discussion1Howdidyouspend7ⅠKeywordsand

expressions(Lesson3)ⅠKeywords8★sendv.寄，送sendsth.tosb.=sendsb.sth.给某人送（寄）什么东西sendaletter寄信send/takechildrentoschool

★sendv.寄，送9take和send的区别：take强调某人亲自送。send则是通过第三人去送，如校车。

送花给妻子：takeflowerstohiswife

自己送sendflowerstohiswife

叫店里的人送类似的用法还有give,take,pass,read,sell,buy,make★sendtake和send的区别：★send10n.明信片eg.EveryyearIcanreceivesomepostcards.sendhimacardnamecard/visitingcard:名片Hereismynamecard.这是我的名片（口语常用,同时伴随着递出的动作）。IDcard:身份证（identitycard；identificationcard）creditcard:信用卡cashcard现金卡,储蓄卡,工资卡(不能透支)★postcardn.明信片★postcard11★spoil(spoiled/spoilt)①vt.弄坏，损坏，糟蹋这不幸的消息使我们没能过好周末。Thesadnewsspoiledourweekend.这场雨把学校运动会弄得一团糟。Therainspoiledtheschoolsportsmeeting.②vt.宠坏，惯坏，溺爱不能太惯孩子。Don’tspoilyourchildren.这个小男孩的父母很宠爱他。Hisparentsspoiledtheboy.★spoil(spoiled/spoilt)①vt.12★spoil(spoiled/spoilt)break:破坏，breakthewindows打破玻璃damage:破坏,程度不一定很重；被破坏的对象受损程度较小，可以修复destroy:破坏,彻底摧毁，不能修复。以上三个是指物理上的破坏,而spoil主要指精神上的。★spoil(spoiled/spoilt)break:13

★museumn.博物馆PalaceMuseum故宫博物院ImperialPalace故宫

★museum14★public①adj.公共的，公众的，社会的在这个镇里有个公共图书馆Thereisapubliclibraryinthistown.②adj.公开的，众人皆知的他们的秘密会晤20年以后才被公开。Theirsecretmeetingwasmadepublic20yearslater.inpublic公开的；inprivate私下里的让我们私下谈谈?Let’shaveaconversationinprivate.③n.公众，群众，大众博物馆在周日对公众开放。ThemuseumisopentothepubliconSunday.★public①adj.公共的，公众的，社会的15★friendly

friendly是形容词，单独使用时一般做定语。afriendlyface/smileShegavemeafriendlygreeting.她友好地向我问好。

befriendlyto/towardssb.

他对约翰不友好。HeisnotveryfriendlytoJohn.inafriendlyway作为状语表示这个人做什么事情很友好,用短语。他总是友好地向我问好。Healwaysgreetsmeinafriendlyway.lovely也是adj.★friendly

friendly是形容词，单独使用时一般16n.服务员,招待员waiter(男服务员),waitress(女服务员),只出现在餐馆里chiefwaiter领班我要见你们的领班。Iwanttoseethechiefwaiter.shopassistant商店里的店员★waiter

n.服务员,招待员★waiter

17v.借给（借出）lendsth.tosb＝lendsb.sth.你能借我20美元吗？我明天就还。Canyoulendme$20please?I’llpay/giveitbacktomorrow.borrowfrom（借进）：borrowsth.fromsb（不能用borrowsb.sth.(×)）他昨天借了我的笔，还没还呢。Heborrowedmypenyesterday.Hehasn’treturnedittomeyet.★lend

v.借给（借出）★lend

18★decision

★decisionn.决定make/takeadecision作出决定对我来说作出这个决定是很困难的。Itwasnoteasyformetomake/takethisdecision.你作出决定了吗？Haveyoumade/takenadecision?decidev.决定decidetodosth决定做某事你为什么决定要找一份新工作？Whydidyoudecidetolookforanewjob?★decision

★decisionn.决定19★whole★wholeadj.整个的一整瓶牛奶awholebottleofmilkthewhole…整天thewholeday整整两星期twowholeweeks

all(the)day整天allofusallofthestudents★whole★wholeadj.整个的20adj.单身的,单程的,单一的asinglebed单人床asingleticket单程票single

单一的←→double双倍的single单身的←→married已婚的

★single

adj.单身的,单程的,单一的★single

21ⅡLook,answerandreadTextⅡLook,answerText22QuestionsonthetextWheredidthewriterspendhisholidaylastsummer?

He…2.Whydidn’theenjoyhisholidays?

Becausehethoughtaboutpostcardseveryday.3.Whatdidhedoonthelastdayofhisholidays?

Hespentthewholedayinhishome,buthedidn'twriteasinglecard!QuestionsonthetextWheredid23

Postcardsalwaysspoilmyholidays.

Lastsummer,IwenttoItaly.

Ivisitedmuseumsandsatinpublicgardens.AfriendlywaitertaughtmeafewwordsofItalian.Thenhelentmeabook.Ireadafewlines,butIdidnotunderstandaword.Every

dayIthoughtaboutpostcards.Myholidayspassedquickly,butIdidnotsendcardstomyfriends.OnthelastdayImadeabigdecision.Igotupearlyandboughtthirty-sevencards.Ispentthewholedayinmyroom,butIdidnotwriteasinglecard!ⅢTextstudyPostcardsalwaysspoilmyh24Postcardsalwaysspoilmyholidays.Lastsummer,IwenttoItaly.last：①adj.上一个lastsummer里的last表示“上一个”上周日你干什么了？WhatdidyoudolastSunday?②adj.最后一个，表示“最后一个”时要加冠词thethelastday最后一天我们坐最后一班公交车回的家。Wecaughtthelastbushome.Postcardsalwaysspoilmyholi25Ivisitedmuseumsandsatinpublicgardens.AfriendlywaitertaughtmeafewwordsofItalian.teachsb.sth.教某人某事琼斯教授上学期教我们历史ProfessorJonestaughtushistorylastterm.teachsbtodosth教某人做某事Shehastaughtherdogtositupandbeg.她训练她的狗坐著举起前脚拜拜他教导孩子们不要打架Hetaughtthechildrennottofight.Ivisitedmuseumsandsatinp26Thenhelentmeabook.Ireadafewlines,butIdidnotunderstandaword.EverydayIthoughtaboutpostcards.thinkabout/of考虑,思考你觉得天气怎么样?Whatdoyouthinkoftheweathertoday?thinkof还可指想到你想到什么了？Whatdoyouthinkof?thinkover仔细考虑，反复思考Thenhelentmeabook.Iread27Myholidayspassedquickly,butIdidnotsendcardstomyfriends.Pass1）经过我们经过该镇而未停留Wepassedthetownwithoutstopping.2）<时间>经过,过去自从他前往法国,已过了两年TwoyearshavepassedsinceheleftforFrance.3）(用手)递<东西>;传递<(餐桌上的)食物等>请你把胡椒粉递给我好吗?Willyoupassmethepepper?.Myholidayspassedquickly,bu28OnthelastdayImadeabigdecision.Igotupearlyandboughtthirty-sevencards.Ispentthewholedayinmyroom,butIdidnotwriteasinglecard!spend与表示时间的词或短语连和时，意思为“花（时间）”、“度过”spend+时间+地点:在什么地点我花费/度过了多少时间我每天要在教室里呆3个小时Ispendthreehoursintheclassroomevery

day.交通堵塞费了我很多时间。Ispendalotoftimeintrafficjam.spend还可以表示“花钱”他花很多钱用于买书Hespendsalotofmoneyonbooks.OnthelastdayImadeabigd29ⅤKeystructures

&specialdifficulties

动词时态之三：

一般过去时ⅤKeystructures

&specialdi30一般过去时表示过去发生的动作/存在的情况或状态。SheworkedasanEnglishteacherlastyear.Whotoldyouthis?Hesufferedalotwhenhewasachild.小时侯他受了很多苦。Ididn’tknowheratthattime.一般过去时表示过去发生的动作/存在的情况或状态。31动词过去式变化规则：V.+ede+d辅音字母+y→i+ed发音（清读清，浊读浊，元音又把浊来读）：1.voiceless清辅音后一般读/t/passed,asked,laughed2.voiced浊辅音、鼻音、元音后一般读/d/climbed,died,stayed,saved3./t/,/d/后一般读/id/.repeated,needed,wanted,handed动词过去时动词过去式变化规则：动词过去时32一般过去时，现在时和过去时的几组差异：（别以为这很简单，下面的差异你不一定明白。）

●Herbrotherwasachemist.（已去世）

●Herbrotherisachemist.（尚健在）

●That'sallIhadtosay.（话已说完）

●That'sallIhavetosay.（言之未尽）

●Itwassonicetoseeyou.（离别时用）

●Itissonicetoseeyou.（见面时用）

●Janedidalotofworkthismorning.（已是当天下午或晚上）

●Janehasdonealotofworkthismorning.（仍是上午）［本句现在完成时，此乃后话！］

一般过去时，现在时和过去时的几组差异：（别以为这很简单，下面33【SpecialDifficulties】难点

动词+双宾语双宾语：间接宾语（人）直接宾语（物）v.+间接宾语+直接宾语v.+直接宾语+to/for+间接宾语v.+人+物givesb.sthv.+物+to/for+人givesth.tosb.to:对……而言;给for:为/替……而做handabooktome.=handmeabook【SpecialDifficulties】难点

动词+34【SpecialDifficulties】难点经常和for搭配的词有：buysth.forsb.makesth.forsb.findsth.forsb.ordersth.forsb.

ExerciseHepaidsomemoneytotheshop-keeper.→Herfriendboughtherabook.→【SpecialDifficulties】难点经常和f35Keyto

MultipleChoiceQuestionscacadbccbabbKeyto

MultipleChoiceQuesti36ExercisesI.（用所给动词的正确时态填空）。1.TomandMary___________(come)toChinalastmonth.2.Mike_________________(notgo)tobeduntil12o‘clocklastnight.Sohe______(get)uplate.3.Mary__________(read)Englishyesterdaymorning.4.Tom___________(begin)tolearnChineselastyear.5.Mymother________________(notdo)houseworkyesterday.6.There____________atelephonecallforyoujustnow.(be)7.-When_______you_________(come)tochina?-Lastyear.

ExercisesI.（用所给动词的正确时态填空）。378._________(be)itcoldinyourcityyesterday?9.Howmanypeople________(be)thereinyourclasslastterm?10.There________(be)afootballmatchonTVyesterdayevening,butI_________(have)notimetowatchit.11.YesterdayI________(think)thatyouwerenotinBeijing.12.Aliceusually________(sit)inthefrontoftheclassroom,butshe________(sit)atthebackthismorning.13.He________(tell)thenewstousthreedaysago.14.He________(begin)toteachChinesein1990.15.Shewouldnottelephonemeifshe________(have)notime.8._________(be)itcoldiny38

Lesson3

PleasesendmeacardLesson3

Pleasesendme39Revision:Lesson2Grammar:一般现在时1．构成：使用动词原形，第三人称单数须有变化。（1）直接加“s”，

works，takes

（2）以辅音加“y”结尾，变“y”为“i”，再加“es”,

carry→carries

（3）以“s,x,ch,sh,o”结尾的动词加“es”,

goes

dresses

watches

brushes

Revision:Lesson2Grammar:一般现在时402．功能：

（1）表现在的事实、状态或动作：

eg:Birdsfly.

Shelovesmusic.

Mary'sparentsgetupveryearly.

（2）表习惯性动作或职业，常与

often，sometimes，usually，always，everyweek，seldom，frequently

等时间副词连用。

eg:

Ialwaystakeawalkaftersupper.

Shewritestomeveryoften.

Tomandhisgirlfriendgoouttotakeapicnicoccasionally.

在句中的位置：实义动词之前，非实义动词之后2．功能：

（1）表现在的事实、状态或动作：

eg:B41

（3）表客观真理，格言警句或事实：

Theearthmovesroundthesun.

Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.

Twoandtwomakesfour.

Nomanbuterrs.人非圣贤，熟能无过。

（4）表将来：

A．在由when，after,before，as，assoonas，although，because，if，evenif，incase，till，until，unless，solongas,where,whatever，wherever等引导的状语从句中用一般现在时表将来发生的动作。例如:I'lltellherwhenshe

comestomorrow.

Evenif

itrainsthisafternoon,I'llmeetyou.

Whateverhappens,youshouldkeepcool-headed.（不错的句型，背下！！）

I'llberightherewaitingforyouwhereveryougo.（很感人的句型！）

（3）表客观真理，格言警句或事实：42

B．按时间表示将要发生的动作或事件，用一般现在时表达将来时概念。

Theplaybeginsat6:30thisevening.

Whendoestheplanetakeoff?

Heleavesforthatcitynextweek.

Accordingtothetimetable,theexpresstraintoShanghaistartsatnineinthemorning.

（按照时刻表，开往上海的特快列车早上7点出发。）

同样用法的动词有：go，come，leave，arrive，land，meet，die，start，return，join…同样用法的动词有：go，come，leave，arrive，43Exercises1.TheBrowns________anicecarandBrown'sbrother________anicejeep.

A.have/have

B.has/has

C.have/has

D.has/have

2.Iftheirhouse________notlikeours,what________itlooklike?

A.is/is

B.is/does

C.does/does

D.does/is

3.-________youthinkhewillcome?-Ifit________tomorrow,hewillnotcome.

A.Do/rains

B.Are/rains

C.Do/willrain

D.Are/willrain

4.Thelittlechild________notevenknowthatthemoon________aroundtheearth.

A.do/move

B.do/moves

C.does/moves

D.did/moved

5.Manyastudent________fondoffilms,butagoodstudentseldom________tothecinema.

A.are/goes

B.is/goes

C.are/go

D.is/goExercises1.TheBrowns_______44Discussion1Howdidyouspendyourholidayslastyear?2Wheredidyougoandwhatdidyoudo?3Whatisthebestwaytolearnaforeignlanguage?Discussion1Howdidyouspend45ⅠKeywordsand

expressions(Lesson3)ⅠKeywords46★sendv.寄，送sendsth.tosb.=sendsb.sth.给某人送（寄）什么东西sendaletter寄信send/takechildrentoschool

★sendv.寄，送47take和send的区别：take强调某人亲自送。send则是通过第三人去送，如校车。

送花给妻子：takeflowerstohiswife

自己送sendflowerstohiswife

叫店里的人送类似的用法还有give,take,pass,read,sell,buy,make★sendtake和send的区别：★send48n.明信片eg.EveryyearIcanreceivesomepostcards.sendhimacardnamecard/visitingcard:名片Hereismynamecard.这是我的名片（口语常用,同时伴随着递出的动作）。IDcard:身份证（identitycard；identificationcard）creditcard:信用卡cashcard现金卡,储蓄卡,工资卡(不能透支)★postcardn.明信片★postcard49★spoil(spoiled/spoilt)①vt.弄坏，损坏，糟蹋这不幸的消息使我们没能过好周末。Thesadnewsspoiledourweekend.这场雨把学校运动会弄得一团糟。Therainspoiledtheschoolsportsmeeting.②vt.宠坏，惯坏，溺爱不能太惯孩子。Don’tspoilyourchildren.这个小男孩的父母很宠爱他。Hisparentsspoiledtheboy.★spoil(spoiled/spoilt)①vt.50★spoil(spoiled/spoilt)break:破坏，breakthewindows打破玻璃damage:破坏,程度不一定很重；被破坏的对象受损程度较小，可以修复destroy:破坏,彻底摧毁，不能修复。以上三个是指物理上的破坏,而spoil主要指精神上的。★spoil(spoiled/spoilt)break:51

★museumn.博物馆PalaceMuseum故宫博物院ImperialPalace故宫

★museum52★public①adj.公共的，公众的，社会的在这个镇里有个公共图书馆Thereisapubliclibraryinthistown.②adj.公开的，众人皆知的他们的秘密会晤20年以后才被公开。Theirsecretmeetingwasmadepublic20yearslater.inpublic公开的；inprivate私下里的让我们私下谈谈?Let’shaveaconversationinprivate.③n.公众，群众，大众博物馆在周日对公众开放。ThemuseumisopentothepubliconSunday.★public①adj.公共的，公众的，社会的53★friendly

friendly是形容词，单独使用时一般做定语。afriendlyface/smileShegavemeafriendlygreeting.她友好地向我问好。

befriendlyto/towardssb.

他对约翰不友好。HeisnotveryfriendlytoJohn.inafriendlyway作为状语表示这个人做什么事情很友好,用短语。他总是友好地向我问好。Healwaysgreetsmeinafriendlyway.lovely也是adj.★friendly

friendly是形容词，单独使用时一般54n.服务员,招待员waiter(男服务员),waitress(女服务员),只出现在餐馆里chiefwaiter领班我要见你们的领班。Iwanttoseethechiefwaiter.shopassistant商店里的店员★waiter

n.服务员,招待员★waiter

55v.借给（借出）lendsth.tosb＝lendsb.sth.你能借我20美元吗？我明天就还。Canyoulendme$20please?I’llpay/giveitbacktomorrow.borrowfrom（借进）：borrowsth.fromsb（不能用borrowsb.sth.(×)）他昨天借了我的笔，还没还呢。Heborrowedmypenyesterday.Hehasn’treturnedittomeyet.★lend

v.借给（借出）★lend

56★decision

★decisionn.决定make/takeadecision作出决定对我来说作出这个决定是很困难的。Itwasnoteasyformetomake/takethisdecision.你作出决定了吗？Haveyoumade/takenadecision?decidev.决定decidetodosth决定做某事你为什么决定要找一份新工作？Whydidyoudecidetolookforanewjob?★decision

★decisionn.决定57★whole★wholeadj.整个的一整瓶牛奶awholebottleofmilkthewhole…整天thewholeday整整两星期twowholeweeks

all(the)day整天allofusallofthestudents★whole★wholeadj.整个的58adj.单身的,单程的,单一的asinglebed单人床asingleticket单程票single

单一的←→double双倍的single单身的←→married已婚的

★single

adj.单身的,单程的,单一的★single

59ⅡLook,answerandreadTextⅡLook,answerText60QuestionsonthetextWheredidthewriterspendhisholidaylastsummer?

He…2.Whydidn’theenjoyhisholidays?

Becausehethoughtaboutpostcardseveryday.3.Whatdidhedoonthelastdayofhisholidays?

Hespentthewholedayinhishome,buthedidn'twriteasinglecard!QuestionsonthetextWheredid61

Postcardsalwaysspoilmyholidays.

Lastsummer,IwenttoItaly.

Ivisitedmuseumsandsatinpublicgardens.AfriendlywaitertaughtmeafewwordsofItalian.Thenhelentmeabook.Ireadafewlines,butIdidnotunderstandaword.Every

dayIthoughtaboutpostcards.Myholidayspassedquickly,butIdidnotsendcardstomyfriends.OnthelastdayImadeabigdecision.Igotupearlyandboughtthirty-sevencards.Ispentthewholedayinmyroom,butIdidnotwriteasinglecard!ⅢTextstudyPostcardsalwaysspoilmyh62Postcardsalwaysspoilmyholidays.Lastsummer,IwenttoItaly.last：①adj.上一个lastsummer里的last表示“上一个”上周日你干什么了？WhatdidyoudolastSunday?②adj.最后一个，表示“最后一个”时要加冠词thethelastday最后一天我们坐最后一班公交车回的家。Wecaughtthelastbushome.Postcardsalwaysspoilmyholi63Ivisitedmuseumsandsatinpublicgardens.AfriendlywaitertaughtmeafewwordsofItalian.teachsb.sth.教某人某事琼斯教授上学期教我们历史ProfessorJonestaughtushistorylastterm.teachsbtodosth教某人做某事Shehastaughtherdogtositupandbeg.她训练她的狗坐著举起前脚拜拜他教导孩子们不要打架Hetaughtthechildrennottofight.Ivisitedmuseumsandsatinp64Thenhelentmeabook.Ireadafewlines,butIdidnotunderstandaword.EverydayIthoughtaboutpostcards.thinkabout/of考虑,思考你觉得天气怎么样?Whatdoyouthinkoftheweathertoday?thinkof还可指想到你想到什么了？Whatdoyouthinkof?thinkover仔细考虑，反复思考Thenhelentmeabook.Iread65Myholidayspassedquickly,butIdidnotsendcardstomyfriends.Pass1）经过我们经过该镇而未停留Wepassedthetownwithoutstopping.2）<时间>经过,过去自从他前往法国,已过了两年TwoyearshavepassedsinceheleftforFrance.3）(用手)递<东西>;传递<(餐桌上的)食物等>请你把胡椒粉递给我好吗?Willyoupassmethepepper?.Myholidayspassedquickly,bu66OnthelastdayImadeabigdecision.Igotupearlyandboughtthirty-sevencards.Ispentthewholedayinmyroom,butIdidnotwriteasinglecard!spend与表示时间的词或短语连和时，意思为“花（时间）”、“度过”spend+时间+地点:在什么地点我花费/度过了多少时间我每天要在教室里呆3个小时Ispendthreehoursintheclassroomevery

day.交通堵塞费了我很多时间。Ispendalotoftimeintrafficjam.spend还可以表示“花钱”他花很多钱用于买书Hespendsalotofmoneyonbooks.OnthelastdayImadeabigd67ⅤKeystructures

&specialdifficulties

动词时态之三：

一般过去时ⅤKeystructures

&specialdi68一般过去时表示过去发生的动作/存在的情况或状态。SheworkedasanEnglishteacherlastyear.Whotoldyouthis?Hesufferedalotwhenhewasachild.小时侯他受了很多苦。Ididn’tknowheratthattime.一般过去时表示过去发生的动作/存在的情况或状态。69动词过去式变化规则：V.+ede+d辅音字母+y→i+ed发音（清读清，浊读浊，元音又把浊来读）：1.voiceless清辅音后一般读/t/passed,asked,laughed2.voiced浊辅音、鼻音、元音后一般读/d/climbed,died