专四模拟试题附参考答案3

专四模拟试题附参考答案（3）3PARTVREADINGCOMPREHENSION[25MIN]Inthissectiontherearefourpassagesfollowedbyquestionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswer.Markyouranswersonyouranswersheet.TextAAtwenty-year-oldimmigrant，LeviStrauss，cametotheUnitedStatesin1850toseekhisfortuneinthegoldfields.Butstrangelyenough，thismanmadehisfortuneonheavycanvasthathefoundsuitableforworkingclothes.Strauss'sjeanswereparticularlygoodforprospectorsandcowboys.Intheearlydaysofjeans，thismancouldn'thaveguessedthathispants，madeonlyforroughwork，wouldbecomesopopularatalllevelsofsociety.Yes，thisisafact：jeanshavebecomefashionableinoursociety.Furthermore，thesepantshavecometosymbolizechangesinsocialattitude.Inthelastdecadeortwowehaveseenmovementstowardequalityaswellasdefianceofauthority.Jeans，nowwornbyeverybody，canbesaidtosymbolizethesechangesforthebetter.Inthepast，onlymenworejeans，andthesemenwereatthebottom—sociallyandeconomically.Jeanswerewornbytruckdrivers，farmandfactoryworkers.Today，jeansnolongerarelookeddownupon.Theyarewornbybothmenandwomen，bybothskilledandunskilledworkers，bybothemployeesandemployers.Thiscommonwayofdressingsymbolizesrespectforindividuality，nomatterwhatyouroccupationorsex.Inthefightagainstauthority，youngpeoplehavebeentheleaders.Soitisnaturalthatteenagerswoulddefyparentsandschooladministratorsovertherighttowearjeanstoclassandwin.Jeansarethetypicaldressofcivilrightsmarchers，fansatrockconcerts，“hippies”returningtonature，andseriouscollegestudents.Becauseeveryonecanbecomfortableinthem，thebluejeansinventedfortheuseofworkersarenowacceptedalmostanywhere，anytime.ThisistruenotonlyintheUnitedStates，butinmanyothercountriesintheworld.Istronglyagreewiththefollowingstatement：“Oldornew，glorifiedorplain，jeansarelikelytobearoundforalongtimetocome.Alreadytheyhavesucceededwherestatesmanshiphasfailed.Althoughunabletospeakthesamelanguage，theinhabitantsofthisembattledplanethaveatleastagreedtowearthesamepants.”81.Jeans，originallydesignedbyLeviStrauss，.A.havebecomeasymbolofthefashionableclassB.havecometosymbolizechangesinsocialattitudeC.aresuitablewearforroughworkonlyD.arenolongersopopularastheyusedtobe82.Whatisimpliedbutnotdirectlystatedinthepassageisthat.A.youngpeoplehavebeentheleadersinthefightagainstauthorityB.today，jeansarenolongerlookeddownuponC.jeansarethetypicaldressofcivilrightsmarchersD.formerlystudentswerenotallowedtowearjeanstoclass83.Theauthorisoftheopinionthat.A.jeansarelikelytobeashort-livedfashionB.jeansarepopularonlyintheUnitedStatesC.jeansarelikelytobepopularforalongtimetocomeD.jeansarenolongerfashionable84.Thelasttwosentencesimplythat.A.statesmenintheworldarelesscompetentthanjeansB.theinhabitantsoftheworldshouldspeakthesamelanguageC.statesmenhavefailedtoreachagreementonmanymajorissuesoftheworldD.jeanswillhelpstatesmentoreachagreementonsomeworldissuesTextBStudiesofchildren’sacquisitionoflanguagesuggestthatthefacultyoflanguageincludesaninbornknowledgeoftheformalprinciplesoflanguagestructure，aknowledgethatdependsongenericallydeterminedportionsof(usually)thatleftcerebral(大脑的)hemisphere.Althoughitiswellestablishedthatthelefthemisphereisspecializedforlanguage，onecannotsaythatlanguageis“located”inthisorthatpartofthehemisphere.Whatisknownisthatlanguagediscordersaretheresultsoflesions(损伤)inthelefthemisphere.Disordersoflanguageresultingfromdamagetothebrainarecalledaphasias(失语症).Theanterior(前面的)portionofthe“languagearea”istermedBroca’sarea.Lesionsinthisareainterferewiththemotor(运动原)andarticulatoryaspectsoflanguage.Speechisslow，labored，grammaticallyincorrect，andtelegraphic；inextremecases，itmaybeimpossibletocarryout.Writingislikewiseseverelyimpaired.Comprehensionofthespokenorwrittenword，however，maybeunimpairedornearlyso.(Itisinterestingtonotethatunderemotionalstress，apatientwithBroca’saphasiamaybetemporarilyfluent.)BecauseBroca’sareaisclosetothemotorcortex(脑皮层)，iftheformerisdamaged，thelatterisoftendamagedsimultaneously.Hence，suchpatientsoftensufferformweaknessorparalysisoftherightsideofthebody.Similarlesionsintherighthemispherewillcausealeft－sidedweaknessofparalysisbutwillhavenoeffectonlanguage.Damagetotheposterior(后面的)portionofthe“languagearea，”especiallytoWernick’sarea，resultsinalossofcomprehensionofthespokenwordandoftenofthewrittenword.Thepatient’snativelanguageisnowlikeaforeignlanguage.Inaddition，thepatient’sspeechisrapidandwell－articulated，butwithoutmeaning.Writingisdefective，andwordsthatareheardcannotberepeated，althoughhearingitselfiscompletelynormal.Similarlesionsintherighthemisphereusuallyhavenoeffectonlanguage.Injuriestothe“languagearea”inchildrenresultinsevereaphasias，butthedevelopmentoflanguagemechanismintherighthemispherecanoftencompensateforthemtoanextraordinarydegree.Thispotentialfunctionoftherighthemisphereisprobablynormallysuppressedbythelefthemisphere.Inadults，aphasiasfromsimilarlesionsareoftenpermanent.85.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith.A.describingtheprocessoflanguageacquisitionB.explainingpotentialtreatmentoflanguagedefectsC.showingtheimportanceofthelefthemisphereofthebraintolanguagemechanismsD.depictingvariousmeansofdiagnosinglanguagedefects86.UnlikeapatientwithWernicke’saphasia，apatientwithBroca’saphasiacan.A.comprehendwrittenbutnotspokenlanguageB.hearandreadwithcomprehensionC.speakarticulatelyandalsocomprehendspokenlanguageD.writeandspeakreadilyandcoherently87.Accordingtothepassage，whichofthefollowingstatementsabouttherighthemisphereofthebrainisaccurate？A.Ithasthepotentialtoserveasa“languagearea”.B.ItcontrolstheabilitytocomprehendbutnottheabilitytospeakalanguageC.Ifitisdamaged，grossmotorcontroloftherightsideofthebodymaybeaffected.D.ItistherightwhereWernick’sareaislocated.88.Itcanbeinferredthataphasiasinadultsoftenresultinpermanentdamagebecause.A.muchmemoryislostB.adultshavemoretroublelearningaforeignlanguageC.therighthemisphereisnolongerasadaptableasitoncewas.D.braincellsinadultsareespeciallyvulnerabletoinfection89.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorbaseshisdescriptionon.A.clinicalstudiesofinstancesofdamagetothebrainB.studiesoflanguagedevelopmentinchildrenwithoutbraindamageC.microscopicexaminationofthebrainstructureD.examplesoftheintegrationoftheleftandrighthemispheres专四模拟试题附参考答案（2）3PARTVREADINGCOMPREHENSION[25MIN]Inthissectiontherearefourpassagesfollowedbyquestionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswer.Markyouranswersonyouranswersheet.AAnnaDouglaswas72yearsoldwhenshestartedwritinghernewspapercolumn.Shehadbeenthedirectorofaschoolandacampbeforesheretired，butsheneededtokeepbusy.Shewasevenwillingtoworkwithoutpay.Thatwasthereasonshefoundavolunteerjobwithanagency.Theagencythatshechosetoworkforwasabusinessthathelpedotherbusinessesfindjobsforoldpeople.Everydayshetalkedwithotherretiredpeoplelikeherself.Bytalking，sherecognizedtwothings.Oldpeoplehadabilitiesthatwerenotbeingused.Oldpeoplealsohadproblems—mostlyproblemswithcommunication.Mrs.Douglasfoundanewpurposeforherself.Throughtheyears，fromtimetotimeshehadwrittenstoriesaboutpeoplefornationalmagazines.Nowtherewasanewsubject：oldpeoplelikeherself.Shebegantowriteanewspapercolumncalled“SixtyPlus，”whichfocusedongettingold.Shewritesabouttheproblemsofoldpeople，especiallytheirproblemswithbeingmisunderstood.AnnaDouglasusesherthinkingabilitytoseethetruthbehindaproblem.Sheunderstandsthereasonswhyproblemsbegin.Sheunderstandsoldpeopleandyoungpeople，too.Forexample，oneofherreaderssaidthathisgrandchildrenleftthehouseassoonashecametovisit.Mrs.Douglassuggestedsomewaysforhimtoincreaseunderstandingwithhisgrandchildren.Shetoldhimtolistentoyoungpeople'smusicandtowatchthemostpopulartelevisionshows.“It'simportanttoknowsomethingaboutyourgrandchildren'sworld，”saysMrs.Douglas.“Thatmeansquestioningandlistening—andlisteningisnotwhatoldstersdobest，”shecontinues，“Saygoodthingstothemandaboutthem.Nevercriticizeyourgrandchildrenoranyotheryoungsters，teenagers，oryoungadults.Nevertellthemthattheyarewrong.Don'tgivethemyouropinion.Theyhavebeentaughtthattheyshouldhaverespectforoldpeople.Theoldshouldhaverespectfortheyoungaswell.”81.AnnaDouglasunderstandstheproblemsofoldpeople.A.becauseshelikestheirmusicB.becauseshehasgrandchildrenC.becauseshewatchestheirtelevisionprogramsD.becausesheisoldherself82.AnnaDouglas'newspapercolumn.A.isabouthowtofindjobsforoldpeopleB.spreadsideasforyoungstersC.discussestheproblemsofoldpeopleD.containsmostlyfunnystories83.WhatadvicedidMrs.DouglasNOTgivetothereaderwhosegrandchildrendidn'twanttoseehim？A.Listentopopularmusic.B.Tellmoreinterestingstories.C.Trytounderstandthegrandchildren.D.WatchmorepopularTVshows.84.ThemainpointofMrs.Douglas'adviceis.A.oldpeopleshouldunderstandandrespecttheyoungB.oldpeoplehavealottolearnfromtheyoungC.poorhearingoftencausesoldpeopletomisunderstandtheyoungD.oldpeopleshouldshowrespectfortheyoungevenwhentheycriticizethemBChemistrydidnotemergeasascienceuntilafterthescientificrevolutionintheseventeenthcenturyandthenonlyratherslowlyandlaboriously.Butchemicalknowledgeisasoldashistory，beingalmostentirelyconcernedwiththepracticalartsofliving.Cookingisessentiallyachemicalprocess；soisthemeltingofmetalsandtheadministrationofdrugsandpotions.Thisbasicchemicalknowledge，whichwasappliedinmostcasesasaruleofthumb，wasneverthelessdependentonpreviousexperiment.Italsoservedtostimulateafundamentalcuriosityabouttheprocessesthemselves.Newinformationwasalwaysbeinggainedasartisansimprovedtechniquestogainbetterresults.Thedevelopmentofascientificapproachtochemistrywas，however，hamperedbyseveralfactors.Themostseriousproblemwasthevastrangeofmaterialavailableandtheconsequentdifficultyoforganizingitintosomesystem.Inaddition，thereweresocialandintellectualdifficulties，chemistryisnothingifnotpractical；thosewhopracticeitmustusetheirhands，theymusthaveacertainpracticalflair.Yetinmanyancientcivilizations，practicaltaskswereprimarilytheprovinceofaslavepopulation.Thethinkerorphilosopherstoodapartfromthismundaneworld，wherethepracticalartsappearedtolackanyintellectualcontentorinterest.Thefinalproblemforearlychemicalsciencewastheelementofsecrecy.Expertsinspecifictradeshaddevelopedtheirowntechniquesandguardedtheirknowledgetopreventothersfromstealingtheirlivelihood.Anotherfactorthatcontributedtosecrecywastheesotericnatureoftheknowledgeofalchemists，whoweretryingtotransformbasemetalsintogoldorwereconcernedwiththehuntfortheelixirthatwouldbestowtheblessingofeternallife.Inonesense，thesecondofthesewasthemoreseriousimpedimentbecausetherecordsofthechemicalprocessesthatearlyalchemistshaddiscoveredwereoftenwrittendowninsymboliclanguageintelligibletoveryfeworinsymbolsthatwerepurposelyobscure.85.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout？A.Thescientificrevolutionintheseventeenthcentury.B.Reasonsthatchemistrydevelopedslowlyasascience.C.Thepracticalaspectsofchemistry.D.Difficultiesoforganizingknowledgesystematically.86.Accordingtothepassage，howdidknowledgeaboutchemicalprocessesincreasebeforetheseventeenthcentury？A.Philosophersdevisedtheoriesaboutchemicalproperties.B.Aspecialsymboliclanguagewasdeveloped.C.Experienceledworkerstorevisetheirtechniques.D.Expertssharedtheirdiscoverieswiththepublic.87.Theboldword“hampered”inLine1Para2isclosestinmeaningto.A.recognizedB.determinedC.solvedD.hindered88.Theboldword“it”referstowhichofthefollowing？A.Problem.B.Material.C.Difficulty.D.System.89.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexplainswhy“thesecondofthesewasthemoreseriousimpediment”(Underlined)？A.Chemicalknowledgewaslimitedtoasmallnumberofpeople.B.Thesymboliclanguageusedwasveryimprecise.C.Veryfewnewdiscoveriesweremadebyalchemists.D.Therecordsofthechemicalprocesseswerenotbasedonexperiments.专四模拟试题附参考答案（1）3PARTVREADINGCOMPREHENSION[25MIN]Inthissectiontherearefourpassagesfollowedbyquestionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswer.Markyouranswersonyouranswersheet.TEXTAAllSirWilliamJoneswantedtodowastolearnSanskrit.Whilehewasstudying,however,hemadeasurprisingdiscovery.ThisancientlanguageofIndiawasamazinglysimilartoLatinandGreek.TheSanskritwordfor"mother"—matar—wasalmostidenticaltotheLatinword,mater.“Father”waspitarinSanskrit,paterinLatinandGreek.Themorehestudied,themoresimilaritieshefound.Howcouldthisbe?ThousandsofmilesandmanynaturalbarriersseparatedIndiaandEurope.Still,Jonesconcluded,thesimilaritiesweretoostrongtobeaccidental.In1786,heannounced“Noonecouldexaminethemallthree,withoutbelievingthemtohavesprungfromsomecommonsource.”Sincethen,scholarshavetracedmanylanguagestothis“commonsource.”Today,theselanguagesarecalledtheIndo-Europeanfamily.Butwheredidthissourceoriginate?Languageandgeographyprovidetheclues.EuropeanlanguageshavesimilarwordsfortheanimalsandtreesofnorthernEurope,suchasoak,willow,bear,andwolf.TherearenocommonwordsfortheanimalsandtreesofsouthernEurope.Toscholars,thissuggeststhattheIndo-EuropeanlanguagesbeganinnorthcentralEurope.Intime,somenorthernEuropeanssetouttowardtheeast,settlinginIran,India,andPakistan.OthersmigratedwestwardtowardsouthernandwesternEurope.Therootlanguagedevelopedintodozensofdifferentlanguages,butthefamilyresemblancesremain.Thewordfor“three”isdreiinGerman,tresinSpanish,treinAlbanian,andtriinRussian.AlmosteverylanguageinEuropeispartoftheIndo-Europeanfamily,butthereareexceptions.HungarianandFinnishclingtootherlanguagefamilies.HighinthePyrenees,theBasquepeoplespeakalanguagethathasnoknownrelatives.PerhapstheBasquesweretheoriginalinhabitantsoftheregion.Isolatedbymountains,theymayhavebeenbypassedbythespreadofIndo-Europeanculture.81.WhatdidSirWilliamJonesdiscoverwhenhewaslearningSanskrit?A.SanskritwasverysimilartosomeEuropeanlanguages.B.Sanskritwasanancientlanguage.C.TheSanskritwordformotheristhesameasthatinLatin.D.LatinandGreekwereverysimilar.82.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueabout"thecommonsource"?A.Jonesfoundoutthecommonsource.B.Alllanguagessprangfromthecommonsource.C.Onlythreelanguagessprangfromthecommonsource.D.Since1786,scholarshavetracedmanylanguagestothecommonsource.83.Wheredidthecommonsourceoriginate?A.InsouthernEurope.B.Innorth-centralEurope.C.InIndia.D.inPakistan.84.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthepassage?A.Jonesfirstdiscoveredtherootlanguage.B.ThelanguageswiththecommonsourcearecalledtheIndo-Europeanfamily.C.Therootlanguagedevelopedintodifferentlanguagesaspeoplemigrated.D.EverylanguageinEuropeispartoftheIndo-Europeanfamily.TEXTBYourfirstcultureshockcameafteryouleftyourhomecountryandyouneededtoadjusttotheUnitedStates,Itisnowimportanttolearnculturalinformationaboutyourcompany,sothatyouwillfitinandperformsuccessfully.Thepeoplewhomakeupthisenvironmenthavetheirowncustoms,habitsandexpectationsofeachnewemployee.Gatheringinformationthatisformal(policy)andinformal(traditions)willhelpyoulearntheprofessionalnormsandbecomefullyaccepted.Policiesarecorporatedocumentsdescribingprocedures,rules,andstandardsthatguidedecisionmakingandconduct.Theyaresimilartoofficiallawsthatgovernacountry.Somesourcesofsuchwrittencompanyinformationincludetheannualreport,productorservicebrochures,technicalandproceduralmanual,employeedirectoryandthecom