新航道课件-雅思小作文一

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Alina图表作文类型TableLinegraphBarchartPiechartProcessdiagrammap图表题三要素

客观性（objectivity）准确性（accuracy）(justunder2000/around1700)详尽性（thoroughness)小作文的学习方法1.选真题中任意图2.确定图的类型（动态、静态、地图、流程）3.确定思路，模仿必备句式4.重复大于五个图，掌握所有句子必备句式必备1：分词结构1.电力供应差不多增长两倍（double），从50涨到100。Electricitysupplynearlydoubled,risingfrom50to100.2.开荒（landclearance）是土地退化（degradation）的主要原因，占据了10%。Landclearancewasthemainreasonfordegradation,accountingfor10%.3.人口上升到61亿在2005，在2006年轻微下降到60亿之前。Thepopulationroseto6.1billionin2005,beforedecliningslightlyto6billionin2006.必备2：用while,或者although引导的状语从句，或者是but引导的并列句1.结婚的数字上升，而离婚的数字下降。Thenumberofmarriagesrose,whilethenumberofdivorcesdropped.2.虽然读科学的男生比女生要多，这个数字在下降。Althoughmenoutnumberedwomeninscience,thisnumberdeclined.必备3：用afterwhich,duringwhichtime,bywhichtime,when,where引导的定语从句1.手机用户的数量在2005上升到2百万，在那之后数字保持水平。Thenumberofmobilephoneusersroseto2millionin2005,afterwhichthefigureremainedconstant.2.这个趋势一直保持到2005，在那一年，离婚人数显著上升。Thetrendcontinueduntil2005,whenthenumberofdivorcesrosemarkedly.必备4：使用倍数1.老年人的百分比在2005年是1955年的3倍（15%相比5%）。Theproportionofelderlypeoplein2005wasthreetimesthefigurein1955(15%versus5%)Theproportionofelderlypeoplein2005was15%，threetimesthefigurein1955(5%).2.在伦敦的居民看到了房价5倍的增长。ResidentsinLondonsawafive-foldincrease.ThehousingpriceinLondonrosefive-fold.3.出生率在2010年是1.2%，大概是2005年的一半。Thebirthratein2010was1.2%,aroundhalfthelevelin2005.必备5：使用比较级和最高级1.年轻人比中年人更加可能为了职业而读书。Youngadultsaremorelikelythanmiddle-agedpeopletostudyforcareer.2.美国的犯罪率比其他国家要高。ThecrimerateintheUnitedStateswashigherthaninothercountries.ThecrimerateintheUnitedStateswashighest.必备6：therebe句型在教师工资的费用上有显著的上升。Therewasamarkedincreaseinthespendingonteachers’salaries.句型应用练习PulicTransportCyclingCaruseTheUS23%15%53%China67%20%7%1.在美国，开车的人最高，而骑车的人最少。IntheUS,theproportionofcaruserswashighest,whilethosewhotravelledbybikeaccountedforthelowestproportion.2.中国使用公共交通工具的数字是美国的三倍。InChina,publictransportwasusedbyalargeproportionofpeople,at67%,threetimesthefigurefortheUS.3.美国开车的人比中国的人的比率高。IntheUS,theproportionofcaruserswashigherthanthefigureforChina.4.美国开车的人最多CarsrepresentedthemostpopularmeansoftransportforAmericans.5.美国开车的人是53%，对比中国的7%。53%ofAmericanstravelledbycar,comparedwith7%ofChinesepeople.数据很多，如何处理？动态图静态图一等数据最高值（最终数据决定）最高值二等数据时间段最终的数据第二高值三等数据时间段最早的数据最低值四等数据转折数据、趋势变化数据、排位变化的数据其他的值数据控制在12个左右即可动态图2000200120022003China5%10%10%22%Italy12%20%30%30%Australia25%25%20%18%Canada18%16%19%17%1.确定是动态图2.确定有四个国家四个对象3.确定中国上升，Italy上升，Australia下降，Canada基本不变4.从最高值Italy开始数据的选择：一等：Italy在2003数据二等：2003的四个数据三等：2000年四个数据四等：中国2002和2001加拿大2001最低意大利2002和2003静态图subwaybuscarUK23%65%12%Japan20%60%20%China10%50%40%US22%43%35%1.确定静态图2.确定三个对象3.类似数据归类，如subway，美日类似4.从最高值（英国bus，英国subway，中国car）引出数据的方法1.括号（无需定语从句，常跟n后面）

Europe,withthehighestoverallpercentageoflanddegraded(23%),alsosufferedfromover-cultivation(7.7%)andover-grazing(5.5%).2.by

Thepercentagegraduallydeclinedby10-20%everydecade.3.at(1)用于动词后面

Afterpeakingat90billionthefollowingyears,thesecallshadfallenbacktothe1995figureby2002.(2)当句子主语是number，proportion，amount，figure时

Thefigureforresourceswashighestin1991，at20%.(3)跟在所指代的数据后面

NorthAmericahadalowerproportionofdegradedlandatonly5%.4.with(主语经常不是number，proportion)

Petrolandoilarethedominantfuelsourcesthroughoutthisperiod,with35quadrillionunitsusedin1980，risingto42qin2012.5.to

Therewasadramaticincreaseinmobilecallsfrom2billionto46billionminutes.

小作文常犯错误1)对象词的错误。对象词就是图里的数字所代表的东西。2)时态的错误。多为一般过去时，有时候可能出现一般现在时或者将来时态。3)侧重细节描述，而忽视趋势。所谓趋势，就是一个区间内最主要的一个变化（譬如说，如果大部分时候是上升，就是上升趋势）4)侧重读数据，没有将数据归类和归纳（具备类似特征的数据要放在一起）5)用奇怪的词，而忽视词性的变换。对象词Turkeyaccountedfor32.14%.Thepercentageoffood/drinks/tobaccoaccountedfor32.14%.Food/drinks/tobaccoaccountedfor32.14%ofexpenditureinTurkey.ThepercentageofTurkeywas32.14%.Turkeyspent32.14%ofexpenditureormoney.Theproportionofexpenditureonfood/drinks/tobaccoinTurkeywas32.14%.词性变化Theamounttransportedbyroadsawasignificantincrease.Theamounttransportedbyroadincreasedsignificantly.Therewasariseintheunemploymentratebetween2000and2005.Theunemploymentraterosebetween2000and2005.Theexpenditureonclothingsawa5%fall.Theexpenditureonclothingfellby5%.小作文得高分的要点

Taskresponse：主要的趋势和特征；对象词CoherenceandCohesion：连接词Lexicalresources：单词词性的变化Grammaticalrangeandaccuracy：语法的准确句子的变化小作文的注意事项1.一定要从最高值说起，不管静态还是动态图。2.写作过程中多注意文字信息，数字信息作为辅助说明3.小作文连接词很重要类似的趋势：also，likewise，similarly相反的趋势：incontrast，however，ontheotherhand（不要用onthecontrary）有时候连词although，while，whereas，but也有转折的功能

4.不要太注意对象词，重复也是可以的，也可以用thefigurefor代替5.数据不要读太多，一般12个数据就足够做什么，怎么做What确定图的类型重视最高值文字信息（主要的特点和趋势）对象词时态（一般过去时，过去完成时，不用过去进行时）How句子的变化词性的变化语法开头段改写改动3-4处，增加、删除、替换单词:改写主语、谓语、宾语、时间状语等。开头句型一般有两种，一种是主动一种是被动。用简单的句子给出尽可能多的信息WHEN，WHAT，WHERE例如：题目：ThegraphshowsthenumberofdailydurablesconsumedbyAustralianbetween1982and1995.改写：Thetablerevealsthechangesof…from1982to1995.ThetablebelowshowstheproportionofdifferentcategoriesoffamilieslivinginpovertyinAustraliain1999.Show的替换词：describe、illustrate、demonstrate、summarise、outline、indicateProportion替换词：percentageCategories替换词：kinds、typesFamilies替换词：households切记below要去掉主题段写法首句写法（1）概括该图里的总体变化趋势或者（2）概括该图包含几个部分如果图里存在着时间推移，那么段首句就概括该图形的总体变化趋势如果图里并不存在时间推移，那么段首句就概括该图形由几个部分组成。主题段动词上升：goup；increase；rise；growanupwardtrend急剧上升：surge；soar；shootup下降：decline；dip；drop；sink急剧下降：plummet；plunge由……组成：bemadeupof；becomposedofconsistof（无被动）becomprisedof波动：fluctuate（无被动）稳定在一个水平：remainstableat；leveloffat经历变化：see；experience；witness到达最高点：peakat；reachthepeakat到达最低点：reachthebottomatreachthelowestpointat达到多少数量：reach；amountto占多少份额：accountfor；makeup；representconstitute对将来数字的预测：expect；predict；project原本少于但是后来超过的：exceed；overtake；surpass形容词和副词速度快：sharp；dramatic；steep；rapid持续：gradual；consistent；continuousslow；steady；gentle大幅度：marked；significant；substantialnoticeable小幅度：modest；slight；moderate；marginal；minimal大约about；roughly；around；justoverapproximately；justover；justunder分别respectivelyAswecanseefromthelinegraph，…experiencedfluctuationsovertheperiod.Overgrazingaccountsfor35%oflanddegradation,followedbythefiguresfordeforestationandover-cultivation,at35%and28%respectively.Afurther7%iscausedbyotherreasons.(从最高值起)主体段1Europehadthehighestproportionoflanddegraded,at23%,whilethefigureforOceaniawaslower,at13%andthatforNorthAmericawaslowest,at5%.(总值对比)ThehighestproportionoflanddegradedbyovergrazingwasinOceania,at11.3%,morethantwicethefigureforEurope(5.5%)andaroundtentimesthefigureforNorthAmerica(1.5%).(overgrazing的数值对比)

Theproportionoflanddegradedbyover-cultivationinEuropewasmuchhigherthanthelevelinNorthAmerica(7.7%incomparisonwith3.3%),whilenolandwasdegradedbythiscauseinOceania.(overcultivation的数值对比)

Europealsohadthehighestproportionoflanddegradedbydeforestation,at9.8%,comparedwith1.7%forOceaniaand0.2%forNorthAmerica.(deforestation数值对比)Thepiechartshowsthattherearefourmaincausesoffarmlandingdegradedintheworldtoday.Globally,65%ofdegradationiscausedbytoomuchanimalgrazingandtreeclearance,constituting35%and30%respectively.Afurther28%ofglobaldegradationisduetoover-cultivationofcrops.Othercausesaccountforonly7%collectively.Thesecausesaffecteddifferentregionsdifferentlyinthe1990s,withEuropehavingasmuchas9.8%ofdegradationduetodeforestation,whiletheimpactofthisonOceaniaandNorthAmericawasminimal,withonly1.7%and0.2%oflandaffectedrespectively.Europe,withthehighestoverallpercentageoflanddegraded(23%),alsosufferedfromover-cultivation(7.7%)andover-grazing(5.5%).Incontrast,Oceaniahad13%ofdegradedfarmlandandthiswasmainlyduetoover-grazing(11.3%).NorthAmericahadalowerproportionofdegradedlandatonly5%,andthemaincausesofthiswereover-cultivation(3.3%)and,toalesserextent,over-grazing(1.5%).结尾段分析见P71-76:如果没有可以充分说的，可以不用结尾,结尾不要节外生枝;不要对图表进行主观解释或阐述;最好不要出现很明显有结尾特征的词语“inconclusion”可用Overall，Onthewhole，Ingeneral，Intotal,等+结尾从句句型Overall,itisclearthatEuropesufferedmorefromfarmlanddegradationthantheotherregions,andthemaincausesthereweredeforestationandover-cultivation.

TableThetablebelowdescribestheproportionofsmokersinmalesandfemales(betweentheageof15and20)inBritain.Summarizetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeaturesandmakecomparisonswhererelevant.Year1970197519801985199019952000Males10%22%35%37%36%30%28%Females5%13%22%34%37%32%27%首段Thetablebelowdescribestheproportionofsmokersinmalesandfemales(betweentheageof15and20)inBritain.改写：Thetablepresentsinformationaboutthechangesintheproportionsofmaleandfemalesmokersagedbetween15and20inBritain.主体段第一段Duringtheperiod1970to1985,theproportion

ofmalesmokersmorethantrippledfrom10%to37%.(Male1)Thegrowthintheproportionoffemalesmokerswasmoreremarkable,risingfrom5%to34%.(Female1)Itisclearthatwhilemalesmokersweretwiceasmanyasfemalesmokersatthebeginningoftheperiod,theywereaheadoffemalesmokersby3%onlyin1985.(Comparison)Year1970197519801985199019952000Males10%22%35%37%36%30%28%Females5%13%22%34%37%32%27%主体段第二段Smokingwasincreasinglyoutoffavourwithmalessince1985,withthepercentageofmalesmokersdroppingfrom37%to28%.(Male2)Thetrendwassimilarinfemalesmoker,adecreaseof7%to27%bytheendofthecentury,despiteaslightincreaseto37%in1990.(Female3)Throughoutthewholeperiod,malesmokersoutnumberedfemalesmokers.(Comparison)Year1970197519801985199019952000Males10%22%35%37%36%30%28%Females5%13%22%34%37%32%27%结尾段Tosummarize,smokinginbothsexesbecamemoreprevalentuntil1985butlesspopularsincethen.Smokingwasconsistentlymorepopularamongmalesthanamongfemales,althoughthegendergapnarrowed.Year1970197519801985199019952000Males10%22%35%37%36%30%28%Females5%13%22%34%37%32%27%柱状图Thediagramsprovidesomeinformationaboutthehousingpricesoffivecitiesaroundtheworldfrom1990to2000.Summarizetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeaturesandmakecomparisonswhererelevant.首段改写Thediagramsprovidesomeinformationaboutthehousingpricesoffivecitiesaroundtheworldfrom1990to2000.Thechartsshowhowhousingpriceschangedin5citiesduringtheperiodbetween1990and2000.主体段第一段B'shousingpricesgrewmarkedly,approximately6%inthefirsthalfofthedecadeandataslowerpace,around4%,inthesecondhalf.(上升趋势的最高值)Awasanothercitywhichsawanincreaseinhousingpricesinbothperiods,3%and2%respectively.(上升趋势的第二高值)主体段的第二段ThehousingpricesinCwerevolatile,droppingby5%firstandrisingnearly5%thereafter.(第二个趋势最高值)Similarly,thehousingpricesinDexperiencedadecreaseof3%first,followedbyariseof2%orso.(第二个趋势的第二高值)主体段的第三段Bycontrast,Ewastheonlycitywhosehousingpricesdeclinedthroughoutthewholeperiod,4%inthefirstfiveyearsand3%inthesecond.(下降趋势)总结段Overall,thereweresomestrikingdifferencesamongthesecitiesintermsofhousingprices.WhileAandBrecordedadecadeofgrowth,thehousingpricesinCandDwerefluctuated.曲线图作文主体段描述内容：大的特征或大趋势的概括加关键数据支持1.基本结构首段:第一句改写题目：Thisgraph/linechart/histogram/illustrationindicates/organizes/reflects/compares/represent/presents/displays/describes/provides/gives(显示)thenumber/proportion/information/changes/statistics/data(数据)/anoverviewof…(统计对象)in…（地点）over数字years/decadesfrom…to…/over数字-yearperiod(from…to…/intheyears…/during、over、fortheperiodfrom…to/until…/between…and….（时间）第二句有可能的话总结总体趋势/特征中间段：顺次描述趋势，指出重要数据（极值点、相同点、始末点），根据具体情况变化为2——3段；末段：总结线之间的联系或最重要的趋势/特征C8T4（p58）ThegraphprovidestheinformationaboutthequantityofgoodstransportedintheUnitedKingdombyfourmeansoftransportovertheperiod1974to2002.最高值和趋势Theamountofgoodstransportedbyroadwasthehighestthroughouttheperiod,risingfromaround70milliontonnestojustunder100milliontonnesin2002.最小值和趋势Bycontrast,thefigureforthepipelinewaslowest,althoughitincreasedmorethanseven-foldfrom3millionto21milliontonnes.第二高的值Thequantityofgoodstransportedbywatersawariseto60milliontonnesin1981，afterwhichitheldsteadyatthislevelandthenclimbedagaintoover60milliontonnesin2002.第三高的值Therewasanoppositetrendinthefigureforrail,droppingsteadilyto28milliontonnesin1995andthenincreasingbacktothelevelin1974.ConclusionOverall,nearlyallformsoftransportsawanupwardtrendintheamountsofgoodstransported,whileraildidnotseeanysignificantgrowth.C7T2ThegraphbelowshowstheconsumptionoffishandsomedifferentkindsofmeatinaEuropeancountrybetween1979and2004.范文Thegraphillustrateschangesintheamountsofbeef,lamb,chickenandfishconsumedinaparticularEuropeancountrybetween1979and2004.In1979beefwasbyfarthemostpopularofthesefoods,withabout225gramsconsumedperpersonperweek.Lambandchickenwereeateninsimilarquantities(around150grams),whilemuchlessfishwasconsumed(justover50grams).However,duringthis25-yearperiodtheconsumptionofbeefandlambfelldramaticallytoapproximately100gramsand55gramsrespectively.Theconsumptionoffishalsodeclined,butmuchlesssignificantlytojustbelow50grams,soalthoughitremainedtheleastpopularfood,consumptionlevelswerethemoststable.Theconsumptionofchicken,ontheotherhand,showedanupwardtrend,overtakingthatoflambin1980andthatofbeefin1989.By2004ithadsoaredtoalmost250gramsperpersonperweek.Overall,thegraphshowshowtheconsumptionofchickenincreaseddramaticallywhilethepopularityoftheseotherfooddecreasedovertheperiod.Thegraphbelowshowsradioandtelevisionaudiencesthroughoutthedayin1992.RadioandtelevisionaudiencesintheUK,October-December1992.整体曲线图的解题思路：1)点题2)比较各条曲线的起点，比较方法一定要有特点3)总结趋势相似的曲线，寻找差异4)重点描述最独特的曲线3.曲线图审题技巧

第一步、先看横纵坐标：1）横坐标中一般直观反应出来的是时间年份2）纵坐标直接反应出数据以及单位第二步、再看有几条曲线：1、2、3、4第三步、寻找关键数据1）分析总体趋势：总体趋势即看线的一头一尾，是“上升”“下降”“波动”“不变”或其他，另外也可根据此步骤给自己另一个分段依据，例：可以将总体上升的几条线分一段，而下降的分另一段2）分别描述（纵比）：在此阶段该寻找出自己这条线的重点特殊点，如：起始点，最高点，最低点，以及变化趋势3）区别比较（横比）：在此步骤，该对不同曲线进行区别比较，找出：交点，排序等

范文：

Thegraphbelowshowsthepercentageofpeopleunabletofindworkinthreemajorcountriesfrom1983to1992.0123456789101112131983198419851986198719881989199019911992%ofpeopleunabletowork(UNEMPLOYMENTRATES)UnitedKingdomCanadaJapan

范文

ThelinegraphshowsacomparisonofunemploymentratesinJapan,theUnitedKingdomandCanadabetween1989and1992.

In1983,theproportionofunemployedpeoplewas12%inCanadaand13%intheUK(起点).Thesevaluesdeclineddramaticallyandataconstantrateoverthenextfewyears(趋势)andtheunemploymentreachedthelowestpercentageinCanadawithabout7.7%in1988-1989,andintheUKwith7%in1989-1990(最低点)(介词短语的并列形式).Theunemploymentratesofthetwocountrieshitthesamepointbetween1988and1989.Andthenthefigures(替换))startedrisinginbothcountries.In1992,Canadagaineditsoriginalvalue.Meanwhile,UKreached10%,threepointsbelowtheoriginalpercentagein1983.(终点)InJapan,ontheotherhand,

thepercentageofunemploymentincreasedfrom2.3%to3%between1983and1986.Afterthat,thepercentagestarteddecreasing

withminorfluctuationsandreturnedtotheoriginalvaluein1992.(第一组：具体谈日本的变化趋势，起末点，最高最低)

Overall,theunemploymentratewasmorestablethanthoseofUKandCanada.(结论)4.核心词汇修饰原则：Adj.+n.v.+adv.趋势描述（上升，下降）上升的动词：increase/rise(建议做名词),ascend,climb(n.),grow(growth),goup飙升的动词：surge，soar,rocket下降的动词：decrease(n.),decline(n.),descend,fall,diminish,godown直线下降的动词：dip，plummet,plunge,slump,drop曲折变化的动词：fluctuate,vary,riseandfall,降到最低点的动词：levelout,bottomout,fallto/hitthelowestpoint(at)升到最高点的动词：peakat,achieve/reachthesummit/aheightof(at/in),plateauat保持平稳的动词：remainstable/steady(at),evenout

形容词/副词平稳的形容词：steady,stable,constant,flat,even小的变化的形容词：Slight,insignificant,slender,minor大的变化的形容词：Huge,large,steep,massive,sharp/dramatic修饰动词的副词：幅度大：markedly,strikingly,considerably,sharply,remarkably,dramatically,substantially,continually,continuously,速度快：rapidly,fast,swiftly幅度小：moderately,slightly平稳地、缓慢地：steadily,gradually,progressively放数字前：大约approximately,around,nearly,justover/under放数字后：分别为respectively副词和动词程度副词:relatively、comparatively

surge=risemoderatelysoar=risesharply绝对描述系统verb.相对描述系统junkverb+adverbA:risemaximallyB:riserelativelygentlyD:riseminimallyC:risecomparativelysharplyB2:risesharplyA2:risecomparativelysharply

leap=risesmoothlyandsharply5.核心句型1)Therebe句型:“变化名词”作主语+in+被描述对象e.g.Therewasasteadyincreaseinthenumberofpeoplefromapproximately300at6a.m.to450at8a.m.2)“描述对象”做主语e.g.Therewereincreasinglymorepeoplewhodid…from6a.m.to8am.3)纵坐标作主语(一般为被描述对象)+变化<动词>+其他e.g.Thenumberof…doing/doneby…increasedsteadilyfromapproximately…in/at…to…in/at...4)横坐标作主语(一般为时间)+“经历”+“变化<名词>”+in被描述对象+地点(*表示经历:saw//witnessed//experienced)e.g.Thetime/periodfrom6a.m.to8a.m.witnessed/sawasteadyincreaseinthenumberofpeoplefromabout300to450.5)地点作主语+“经历”+“变化<名词>”+in被描述对象+时间e.g.Thesubwaystationwitnessed/underwentasteadyincreaseinthenumberofpeoplefromapproximately300at6a.m.to450at8a.m.6)趋势作主语+动词被动+IN+被描述对象/thenumberof…e.g.Anoticeableincreasecanbefoundinthenumberofpeoplefromapproximately300at6a.m.to450at8a.m.段内描述时间：Duringtheperiod1970—1999;From1970to1999;Sincetheearly1970s;

In1970------thenin1980-----tenyearslater在第二段开头：Itisinterestingtonotethat…;Interestingly,…;Itisevident/manifest/apparent/noteworthy(或在这些词后加fromthegraph/fromtheinformationprovidedbythegraph)that…

主体段-趋势描述Therewas变化趋势inthenumberofAfrom1986-1990(overnext…yeas),whichwasfollowedby变化趋势Afterthat，变化趋势until1998whentherewas变化趋势forthenext….yearsFrom1990onwards,therewas变化趋势inthenumberofAwhichthen变化趋势to…/at…in1994.In1990,thenumberof…hit/reached(was)数量,but30yearslatertherewas变化趋势.Aftera/an变化趋势（/doing副词）from…to…,Abeganto变化趋势overthenext….years.Thenumberof…increasedrapidlyfrom1988to1990duringthefive-yearperiodAhadalmost/nearly/about/overaquarter/half/twice/double/triple/onethird/asmany可数名词复数as/asmuch不可数名词asBInthe3yearsspanningfrom1995through1998，thepercentageof...wasslightlylarger/smallerthanthatof.....整段范例分项描写信息：Accordingtothefigure,therewasasharpdecreaseinthenumberofteachersfromfivemillionsin1960tothreemillionsin1962,whichwasfollowedbyarapidincreaseoverthenexttwoyears.Thenumberdroppedagainfromalmostsixmillionin1964tofivemillionin1966andthenwentupgraduallyuntil1976whentherewasalevelingoffateightmillionforthenexttenyears.

Afterwards,theyearsfrom1986to1990sawasteadyriseinthenumberofteachers.末段句型1)重述总体特征；2)不要进行主观描述；不要分析原因；不要找本质Overall,…Accordingtothegraph,…Overall,thegraphshowsthat…As(is)showninthechart,…Ascanbeseenfromthetable//diagram/graph/figures,主句…Wecanseefromthe…that…Itisclear/apparentfromthetable/chart/diagram/graph/figures(provided)that...Itisinterestingtonotethat…（也可用于首段第二句）例句Itcanbeseenthattherewasanincreasingtrendin…from1960to1990.However,thereweresomefluctuationsinearlieryears.Accordingtothefigure,althoughthereweresomefluctuationsin…overearlieryears,thereexistedindeedanincreasingtrend.Theoveralltrendwastoindicatetheincreasinglygrowingnumberof…,althoughthereexistedsomefluctuationsintheearlieryears.时态

时态：有过去时间，首句一般现在时，其他一般过去时。*如果图表是对将来情况的预测，全部用一般现在时。将来时：beexpectedto/bepredictedto/beestimatedto/beprojectedto6.衔接策略

1)Fromthenon;Fromthattimeon/onwards;Afterthat;Next;Afterwards;Thereafter;2)until+时间;After时间/doing;before时间/doing;priorto+doing3)…,whichprecededaadj.decreased/increased.=whichwasfollowedby…=,preceding…4)…(以时间词/地点/核心名词结尾)，when/where…(关系副词引导的非限定性定语从句)5)对比数据的表达：However,/Inversely,/Conversely,/Bycontrast,/Onthecontrary,……,while/whilst/whereas…;…incomparison(with…);…/differentfrom…;…contrastingwith…;…,whichwasmatched/projectedagainst/with…6)相似数据的表达：Similarly/Likewise;Asimilartendencywas…例句1)Then/fromthistimeonwards/fromthenon然后e.g.Therewasadramaticrise.Thenthenumberwentdown...2)After/beforee.g.Therewasahugerise,beforethenumberwentdown.Afterarise,therewasadecrease,beforethenumberremainedstable.3)…whichwasfollowedby/whichledto/whichprecededaslightincrease/decreasee.g.Therewasasignificantrise,whichwasfollowedbyadecrease.4)上一句最后时间词，when...e.g.Therewasariseinthenumberofteachersfrom__in__to__in__,whenthenumberwentdown.5)Again（第二次以后的上升/下降）e.g.Therewasarise.Again,thenumberwentdown.6)However...。Then...（上升和下降之间）e.g.Therewasarise.However,thenumberthenwentdown.

7.例子剑五P52剑四P100剑四P54Thegraphbelowshowstheproportionofthepopulationaged65andoverbetween1940and2040inthreedifferentcountries.

Summarizetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeatures,andmakecomparisonswhererelevant.完整范文

ThelinegraphshowstheproportionofpeopleinJapan,Sweden,andUSAaged65andoverfrom1940andtheexpectedproportionsupto2040.

From1940-1990,theproportionsofaged65andoverintheUSAandSwedenweresimilar.In1940thefigureswere9%and7%respectivelyin1990.Thereafter,American’sproportionofpeopleaged65andoverleveledoutandisforecastedtoremainin14%until2020,afterwhichitisexpectedtoincreaseto23%in2040.However,

Sweden’sproportionofpeopleaged65andoverbegantoriseafter1990.Thisincreaseisforecastedtocontinueuntil2010whentheproportionisestimatedtobe20%.

Thenthereisexpectedtobeaslightdropto18%in2030,followedbyasteepclimbto25%in2040.

ThesituationinJapandiffersconsiderably,withafallinthepercentageofpeopleaged65andoverbetween1940(5%)to1960(3%).Thepercentageremainedsteadyuntil1985,whereuponitbegantoclimb.Thisriseisprojectedtocontinueuntilaround2030,whentheproportionofJapaneseaged65andoverisexpectedtoreach10%.Thereafter,withinjustafewyears,theproportionisforecasttorisedramaticallyto25%,withalessdramaticriseto27%in2040.Thepiechart饼图1.特征及规律：1）饼状图一般用圆来表示总体与部分，以及部分与部分之间的比例关系。其特点是能够清楚地表现出某件事情、活动、食物、消费品等.2）饼图存在的关系通常也有两大类，即并列（无纵比）和延续（有纵比）的关系3）观察单个饼图中个区域之间的数据变化差异，以及相同区域在各个饼图间的数据比较。饼状图的数据就是描述部分写作的重点。读图时，首先看总的趋势，然后看最抓眼球的增减变化，通过这些细节的描述来体现对总趋势的支持。1.审题过程1)看文字信息2)标题审题标1\2\33)极端数据及其周围（与之接近）数据4)一般数据5)落单数据两个饼

1)每个饼块在两个饼中排名第？占？%2)分类说：左饼到右饼上升/下降/保持不变3)每段中具体描写每个饼块，突出特点4)写完要素后将两个饼的数量比较一下*若两个饼的总量有不同，需要交代一下范例第一步：确定每个饼图的区域以及他们之间的变量关系。有序变量-年代：1980-2000年无需变量-国家：澳大利亚、法国无需变量-原料种类：煤炭、石油、天然气、水力发电、核能绝对变量-发电量第二步：观察数据的差异审图首先比较澳大利亚的两个饼图，发现在1980年-2000这20年间，煤矿单位产电量比分比变化最大，其次是水电；而法国在这二十年间百分比变化最大的是是核能的单位产电量，其次是天然气；通过两组之间对比，到2000年，澳大利亚电力生产主要靠煤矿，法国主要靠核能。第三步：确定框架可以把澳大利亚在1998和2000年的数据变化写一段，法国的两个年代的写一段，最后，两个国家总的数据对比分为一段。

C7T4ThepiechartsbelowshowunitsofelectricityproductionbyfuelsourceinAustraliaandFrancein1980and2000.ThechartscomparethesourcesofelectricityinAustraliaandFranceintheyearsof1980and2000.Duringtheseyearselectricityproductionalmostdoubled,risingfrom100unitesto170inAustralia,andfrom90to180unitsinFrance.In1980Australiausedcoalasthemainelectricitysource(50unites)andtheremainderwasproducedfromnaturalgas,hydropower(eachproducing20unites)andoil(whichproducedonly10unites).By2000,coalhadethefuelformorethan75%ofelectricityproducedandonlyhydrocontinuedtobeanothersignificantsourcesupplyingapproximately20%.Incontrast,Franceusedcoalasasourceforonly25unitesofelectricityin1980,whichwasmatchedbynaturalgas.

Theremaining40unitswereproducedlargelyfromoilandnuclearpower,withhydrocontributingonly5unites.Butby2000nuclearpower,whichwasnotusedatallinAustralia,haddevelopedintothemainsource,producingalmost75%ofelectricity,at126unites,whilecoalandoiltogetherproducedonly50units.Othersourcesweren