管理学专业术语

管理者:(manager)基层管理者:(first-linemanagers)中层管理者:(middlemanagers)高层管理者：(topmanagers)管理:(management)效率^efficiency)效果^effectiveness)计划:(planning)组织^organizing)领导:(leading)控制^controlling)管理角色:(managementroles)人际关系角色^interpersonalroles)信息传递角色:(informationalroles)决策制定角色:(descisionalroles)技术技能:(technicalskills)人际技能:(humanskills)概念技能/conceptualskills)管理的普遍性/universalityofmanagement)劳动分工:(divisionoflabor)工作专业化：(jobspecialization)工业革命:(industrificrevolution)科学管理:(scientificmanagement)一般行政管理理论:(generaladministrativetheory)管理原则^principlesofmanagement)官僚行政组织:(bureaucracy)定量方法/quantitativeapproach)组织行为:(organizationalbehavior)霍桑研究系统:(Hawthornestudiessystems)封闭系统:(closedsystems)开放系统:(opensystems)权变理论/contingencyapproach)劳动力多元化:(workforcediversity)电子企业:(e-business)电子商务:(e-commerce)内部网:(intranet)学习型组织:(learningorganization)知识管理:(knowledgemanagement)质量管理:(qualitymanagement)组织文化与环境管理万能论/omnipotentviewofmanagement)管理象征论:(symbolilviewofmanagement)组织文化^organizationculture)强文化:(strongcultures)社会化/socialization)工作场所精神境界:(workplacespirituality)外部环境:(externalenvironment)具体环境:(specificenvironment)一般环境:(generalenvironment)环境的不确定ft:(environmentuncertainty)环境的复杂性^environmentcomplexity)利益相关群体:(stakholders)全球环境中的管理狭隘主义:(parochialism)民族中心论:(ethnocentricattitude)多国中心论:(polycentricattitude)全球中心论:(geocentricattitude)跨国公司:(multinationalcorporation)多国公司:(multidomesticcorporation)全球公司：(globalcompany)跨国或无边界组织/transnationalorboredrlessorganization)初始全球化组织:(bornglobals)全球外购:(globalsourcing)出口:(exporting)进口:(importing)许可证经营:(licensing)许可经营/franchising)战略同盟:(strategicalliance)台资企业:(jointventure)外国子公司:(foreignsubsidiary)市场经济:(marketeconomy)计划经济:(commandeconomy)民族文化:(nationalculture)社会责任与管理道德古典观点:(classicalview)社会经济学观点:(socioeconomicview)社会义务:(socialobligation)社会响应:(socialresponsiveness)社会责任:(socialresponsinility)社会屏障筛选:(socialscreening)管理的绿色化:(gerrningofmanagement)以价值观为基础的管理:(values-basedmanagement)道德:(ethics)自我强度控制点:(egostrengthlocusofcontrol)道德准则:(codeofethics)社会企业家:(socialentrepreneur)社会影响管理:(socialimpactmanagement)制定决策决策:(decisions)决策制定过程:(decision-makingprocess)决策标准问题:(decisioncriteriaproblem)理性的:(rational)有限理性:(boundedrationality)满意的承诺升级:(satisfiedescalationofcommitment)直觉决策:(intuitivedecisionmaking)结构良好问题:(structuredproblems)程序化决策:(programmeddecision)程序:(procedure)规则:(rule)政策:(policy)结构不良问题^unstructuredproblems)非程序化决策:(nonprogrammeddecisions)确定性:(certainty)风险性:(risk)命令型风格:(directivestyle)分析型风格:(analyticstyle)概念型风格:(conceptualstyle)行为型风格:(behavioralstyle)启发法:(heuristics)计划的基础陈述目标:(statedgoals)真实目标:(realgoals)战略计划:(strategicplans)运营计划:(operationalplans)长期计划:(long-termplans)短期计划:(short-termplans)具体计划:(specificplans)方向性计划:(directionalplans)一次性计划:(single-usedplans)持续性计划:(standingplans)传统目标:(traditionalgoalsetting)手段-目标链:(means-endschain)目标管理:(managementbyobjectives)使命:(mission)承诺概念/commitmentconcept)正式计划部门:(formalplanningdepartment)战略管理战略管理:(strategicmanagement)组织战略商业模式:(strategiesbusinessmodel)战略管理过程:(strategicmanagementprocess)机会^opportunities)威胁:(threats)资源:(resources)能力:(capabilities)核心竞争力:(corecompetencies)SWOT分R^^:(SWOTanalysis)公司层战略:(corporatestrategy)增长战略:(growthstrategy)相关多元化:(relateddiversification)非相关多元化:(unrelateddiversification)稳定性战略:(stabilitystrategy)更新战略:(renewalstrategies)紧缩战略:(retrenchmentstrategy)扭转战略:(turnaroundstrategy)BCG矩阵:(BCGmatrix)业务层战略:(businessstrategy)战略业务单元:(strategicbusinessunits)竞争优势^competitiveadvantage)成本领先战略:(costleadershipstrategy)遵循差异化战略:(differentiationstrategy)聚焦战略:(focusstrategy)徘徊其间:(stuckinthemiddle)战略灵活性:(strategicflexibility)市场先入者:(firstmover)计划的工具技术环境扫描:(environmentscanning)竞争对手情报:(competitorintelligence)预测:(forecasts)定量预测^quantitativeforecasting)定性预测^qualitativeforecasting)标杆比较/benchmarking)资源:(resources)预算:(budget)甘特图:(Ganttchart)负荷图:(loadchart)事件:(events)计划评审技术：(theprogramevaluationandreviewtechnique)活动^activities)松弛时间:(slacktime)关键路径:(criticalpath)盈亏平衡分析:(breakevenanalysis)线性规划:(linearprogramming)项目管理:(projectmanagement)脚本:(scenario)组织结构与设计组织结构设计:(organazationalstructuredesign)工作专门化:(workspecialization)职能部门化^functionaldepartmentalization)产品部门化:(productdepartmentalization)地区部门化^geographicaldepartmentalization)过程部门化:(processdepartmentalization)顾客部门化:(customerdepartmentalization)跨职能团队:(cross-functionalteams)指挥链:(chainofcommand)职权:(authority)职责^responsibility)统一指挥：(unityofcommand)管理跨度:(spanofcontrol)集权化/centralization)分权化^decentralization)员工授权:(employeeempowerment)正规化Normalization)机械式组织:(mechanisticorganization)有机式组织:(organicorganization)单件生产:(unitproduction)大批量生产:(massproduction)连续生产:(processproduction)简单结构:(simplestructure)职能型结构:(flanctionalstructure)事业部型结构:(divisionalstructure)团队结构:(teamstructure)矩阵型结构:(matrixstructure)项目型结构:(projectstructure)无边界组织:(boundarylessorganization)虚拟组织:(virtualorganization)学习型组织:(learningorganization)组织结构图^organizationalcharts)沟通与信息技术沟通^communication)人际沟通^interpersonalcommunication)组织沟通:(organizationalcommunication)信息:(message)编码:(encoding)解码:(decoding)沟通过程^communicationprocess)噪声:(noise)非语言沟通:(nonverbalcommunication)体态语言:(bodylanguage)语调:(verbalintonation)过滤:(filtering)信息超载/informationoverload)积极倾听:(activelistening)正式沟通:(formalcommunication)非正式沟通:(informalcommunication)下行沟通:(upwardcommunication)横向沟通:(lateralcommunication)斜向沟通:(diagonalcommunication)沟通网络:(communicationnetworks)小道消息:(grape-vine)电子邮件:()即时消息:(instantmessaging)音频邮件:(voic)电子数据交换:(electrinicdatainterchange)电话会议^teleconferencing)会议:(videoconferencing)网络会议:(webconferencing)内部互联网:(intranet)外部互联网:(Extranet)实践社区^communitiespractive)人力资源管理高绩效工作实务:(high-performanceworkpractices)人力资源管理过程:(humanresourcemanagementprocess)工会(laborunion)反优先雇佣行动计划:(affirmativeaction)人力资源规划:(humanresourceplanning)职务分析:(jobanalysis)职务说明书:(jobdescription)职务规范:(jobspecification)招聘:(recruitment)解聘:(decriuitment)甄选:(selection)效度:(validity)信度/reliability)工作抽样:(worksamping)评估中心^assessmentcenters)真实工作预览:(relisticjobpreview)上岗培训:(orientation)绩效管理系统^performancemanagementsystem)书面描述法:(writtenessay)关键事件法:(criticalincidents)评分表法:(graphicratingscales)行为定位评分法:(behaviorallyanchoredratingscales)多人比较法:(multipersoncomparisons)360度反馈法:(360-degreefeedback)基于技能薪l:(skill-basedpay)洋动工资:(variablepay)精简机构:(downsizing)性骚扰:(sexualharassment)基于家庭的福fij:(family-friendlybenefits)变革与创新管理组织变革^organizationalchange)变革推动者:(changeagent)组织发展/organizationaldevelopment)压力:(stress)行为的基础行为:(behavior)组织行为学^organizationalbehavior)员工生产率:(employeeproductivity)离职率:(turnover)组织公民行为:(organizationalcitizenbehavior)工作满意度:(jobsatisfaction)工作场所不当行为态度:(workplacemisbehaviorattitudes)认知行为:(cognitivecomponent)情感成分:(affectivecomponent)行为成分:(behaviorcomponent)组织承诺:(organizationalcommitment)组织支持感:(perceivedorganizationalsupport)认知失调:(cognitivedissonance)态度调查:(attitudesurveys)人格^personality)马基雅维里主义:(machiavellianism)自尊:(self-esteem)自我控制:(self-monitoring)印象管理:(impressionmanagement)情绪:(emotion)情绪智力:(emotionalIntelligence)知觉/perception)归因理论^attributiontheory)基本归因错误:(fundamentalattributionerror)自我服务偏见:(self-servingbias)假设相似性:(assumedsimilarity)刻版印象^stereotyping)晕轮效应:(haloeffect)操作性条件反射:(operantconditioning)社会学习理论:(sociallearningtheory)行为塑造:(shapingbehavior)理解群体与群体:(group)形成阶段:(forming)震荡阶段:(storming)规范阶段:(norming)执行阶段^performing)解体阶段:(adjourning)群体思维:(groupthink)地位:(status)社会惰化:(socialloafing)群体内聚力:(groupcohesiveness)冲突:(conflict)冲突的传统观点:(traditionalviewofconflict)冲突的人际关系观点:(humanrelationsviewofconflict)冲突的交互作用观点:(interactionistviewofconflict)积极冲突^functionalconflict)消极冲突:(disfunctionalconflict)任务冲突:(taskconflict)关系冲突^relationshipconflict)过程冲突:(processconflict)工作团队:(workteams)自我管理团队:(self-managedworkteams)跨职能团队:(cross-functionalteam)虚拟团队:(virtualteam)社会网络构造:(socialnetworkstructure)激励员工动机:(motivation)需要层次理论:(hierarchyofneedstheory)双因素理论:(two-factortheory)保健因素:(hygienefactors)激励因素:(motivators)三种需要理论:(three-needstheory)成就需要:(needforachievement)权力需要:(needforpower)归属需要:(needforaffiliation)目标设置理论:(goal-settingtheory)自我效能感:(self-efficacy)强化理论:(reinforcementtheory)强化物:(reinforcer)工作设计:(jobdesign)工作扩大化:(jobenlargement)工作丰富化:(jobenrichment)工作深度:(jobdepth)工作特征模型:(jobcharacteristicsmodel)公平理论:(equitytheory)参照对象:(referents)分配公平:(distributivejustice)程序公平:(proceduraljustice)期望理论:(expectancytheory)压缩工作周:(compressedworkweek)弹性工作制:(flexibleworkhours)弹性时间制:(flextime)工作分担:(jobsharing)远程亦公:(telecommuting)账目公开管理:(open-bookmanagement)员工认可方案:(employeerecognitionprograms)绩效工资方案:(pay-for-performanceprogram)股票ifi:(stockoptions)领导领导者:(leader)领导^leadership)行为理论:(behavioraltheories)独裁型风格:(authoeraticstyle)民主型风格:(democraticstyle)放任型风格:(laissez-fairestyle)定规维度:(initiatingstrueture)关怀维度^consideration)高-高型领导者:(high-highleader)管理方格^managerialgrid)权变模型/contingencymodel)最难共事着问卷:(least-preferredco-workerquestionnaire)情境领导理论:(situationalleadershiptheory)成熟度:(readiness)领导者参与模型:(leaderparticipationmodel)路径-目标理论:(path-goaltheory)交易型领导者:(transactionalleaders)变革型领导者^transformationalleaders)领袖魅力型领导者:(charismaticleader)愿景规划型领导:(visionaryleadership)法定权利^