外研版高中英语必修1-5短语

Book4Module1havenoalternativebut(=havenochoicebut)除……外别无选择;只要……alternativeenergy可代替能源analternativeplan替代方案load…withsth.给…装某物loadthetruckwithcoal给汽车装上煤beonfire着火(强调状态)catchfire失火(强调动作,无被动语态)setfiretosth放火烧某物commandsbtodosth命令某人做某事commandthat…(that从句中要用should+动词原形,should可省略)freeofcharge免费,不花钱inchargeof负责，管理inthechargeof由…负责takechargeof负责管理,负责照顾bechargedwith…充满attachsthtosth把某物固定/附在某物上attachoneselfto参加;和…在一起,缠着beattachedto…连在…上;附属于….;attachimportance/valuetosth.认为某事很重要/有价值forsure肯定地,有把握地sb.issuretodosth某人一定/肯定做某事besure+that-clause确信,相信……makesureof/aboutsth确保……makesure+that-clause确保sb.runoutofsth某人用完了某东西sth.runout某物用完了(没有了)relyon/upon依靠,信赖;取决于relyonitthat…指望…..,对……不怀疑getridof=rid…of摆脱,丢掉;除去,赶走,消灭with+复合宾语结构,常用的结构形式有:

①with+宾语+现在分词(强调宾语是现在分词动作的发出者或某状态、动作正在进行)

②with+宾语+过去分词(强调宾语是过去分词动作的承受者或动作已经发生)

③with+宾语+形容词(强调宾语的特性和状态)

④with+宾语+副词

⑤with+宾语+不定式(不定式动作尚未发生)

⑥with+宾语+介词短语placeanorder订购carryoutanoperation做手术beoptimisticabout…对……乐观的beoptimisticthat…对…..乐观inshape处于良好状态,在形状上intheshapeof以….形状;呈……形outofshape变形,走样lookoutof向……外看lookout！小心，当心Watchout!Becareful!Takecare!forastart首先tostartwith=tobeginwith首先,第一fromthestart=fromthebeginning从开头,从开始onthewayout即将被淘汰;即将过时onthewayn./pron./todoing即将,来到,接近can’t…too或never…too“不可能太….”,“再怎么….也不过分”Notall…=All…not…并非所有的Module2beondisplay展览

beonshow

beonexhibitionpermitsbtodosth允许某人做某事permitdoingsth允许做某事providesbwithsth为某人提供某物

providesthforsbsthimpresssb某物给某人留下影响

sbbeimpressedbyimpresssthonsb使某人铭记=impresssbwithsthsthisimpressedonone’smind某事被印在脑海里have/leave/make/a…impressiononsb给某人留下…的印象beconvenienttosb对某人方便Itisconvenientforsb对某人方便Itisconvenienttodosth做某事方便beconvenientforsth对某事方便getaround=getabout到处旅游;四处走动beconnectedto/with与…..相连,接通bestuckin困住,动不了getdressed穿衣getwashed洗脸getlost迷路getmarried结婚getcharged充电getseparated被分散innotime马上,一会儿ontime按时

intime及时onceuponatime从前atthesametime与此同时

atonetime曾经,一度,从前有个时期

atnotime决不,在任何时候都不beworthdoing值得做…..

beworth+n.=beworthyof+n

sth.isworthdoing=sthisworthyofbeingdone

=sthisworthytobedone“祈使句+and+简单句”可以改为if条件句Thinkhard,andyou’llhaveanidea.=?使劲想，你就会有主意。“祈使句+or+简单句”也可以改为if条件句Listentome,oryouwon’tunderstand.=?underconstruction正在建设之中belimitedto局限于…..inrushhours处于交通高峰期reactto…对…产生反应reactwithsth.与某物起（化学）反应occurtosb(主意或想法突然)浮现与脑中,被想起,被想到Itoccurstosbtodosth某人想到……Itoccurstosbthathavesthdone请别人做某事keepcool保持冷静keepquiet保持安静keepstill不动keepsilent保持沉默noway肯定不,没门儿（用于句首时，句子要倒装）Module3varyin…在……方面不同varyfrom…to…从…..到……变化varywith随着….而变化,因….而不同involvesbin…允许某人参与involveoneselfin…积极参与……be/getinvolvedin…被卷入到….之中morethan不仅仅

morethan100=over100,超过100

morethansurprised十分/非常吃惊

more…than…与其说…不如说…(强调前者)Hewasmoreanartistthanawriter.onguard(保持)警惕;值班,站岗onholiday度假

onleave休班

onduty值班holdup举起,抬起,承受住,支撑holdback阻挡

holdon等会儿,坚持

holddown限制

holdout维持giveaway泄露,出卖,暴露,让步,赠送,捐赠giveoff发出(烟、光、热、气味等)giveout发出;放出(消息、声音等);用完,耗尽mindreader能看透别人心思的人makeadeal达成协议,做成交易communicatewithsb和某人交流bebusywithsth忙于某事shakehandswithsb和某人握手stareatsb/sth注视着某人/某物stareintothedistance凝视着远方requestsbtodosth要求某人做某事requestthatsb(should)do…要求某人做某事makearequestfor…要求…..attherequestofsb应某人的请求=atsb’srequestbyrequest(of)按要求dosbafavour帮某人一个忙asksbafavour请某人帮个忙infavourof赞成dosbafavor=doafavorforsb帮某人的忙liftup举起;太高;吊起①upanddown上上下下②upanddown前前后后=backandforth=backwardsandforwards③upanddown处处=hereandthere④upanddown来来往往=toandfrombyaccident偶然地,无意地

Module4experimentwithsth.用某物实验experimentonsth.对某物进行实验carryoutperformconductanexperiment做实验domakemakeabreakthrough取得重大突破(进展)convertAinto/toB把A转换成Btaketheplaceof=replace取代,代替inplaceof取代,代替(介词短语)insteadof代替,而不是(介词短语)aquantityof+不可数名词,谓语动词用单数quantitiesof+可数名词复数,谓语动词用复数

quantitiesof+不可数名词,谓语动词用复数bringup抚育;教养,呕吐,提出(话题等)bringdown降低

bringabout导致,引起

bringback归还;恢复;回想

bringin赚(钱);带进;传入searchfor寻找searchsb/sp搜查某人或某地insearchof寻求/寻找……asaresultof由于…..的结果

asaresult因此,结果owingto

thanksto由于…

duetobecauseofthekeyto………的关键theanswertothequestion问题的答案notestothetext课文注释anendtothemeeting会议的结束theentrancetothebuilding大厦的入口exportsthto出口某物到……thesecondmostimportant第二重要的beinterestedin…对……感兴趣graduatefrom…..从…..(地方)毕业escapefrom(outof)+sp.从某地逃脱;逃走

escapefromreality逃避现实haveanarrowescape九死一生afireescape紧急出口;安全门clearup(天气)放晴;整理;收拾beknownfor因…..而出名/闻名

beknownan以……而知名,著称beknownto为……所知earnone’sliving谋生

=makealivingget/gainaliving谋生比较：live/leada…life过着…..的生活cometopower掌权;执政takepower取得政权

inpower当权,执政

outofone’spower不能胜任,力所不及=beyondone’spowerItispossiblethat….可能……It’scertainthat...一定…….=sb/sthiscertaintodoIt’scertainthatyou’llsucceed.=?It’slikelythat……可能…..=sb/sthislikelytodoIt’slikelythatheisdoinghishomework.=？Itseemsthat好像……=sb/sthseemstodoItseemsthatheknowsthesecret.=?atwar在交战中36.bediagnosedwith被诊断出…,患有…37.becomethevoiceof成为…的代言人

38.partlybecauseof一部分因为

Module5surroundsbwithsb用某人包围某人besurroundedbysb被某人所包围inthesurrounding在周围环境anarrowescape九死一生inthedistance在远处,在远方fromadistance从一定距离,从远处atadistance在一定距离处,隔一段距离keepsbatadistance对某人冷淡;与某人保持距离attheedgeof在……的边缘（侧重于在边缘点上）ontheedgeof在…边缘上（侧重在边缘较广阔的地域）atleast=attheleast至少notintheleast=notall一点也不atmost=atthemost至多beheavywith有大量的makeadetour绕道而行havefourweeksoff休四周假gothrough穿过;经历forbidsbtodosth禁止某人做某事forbiddoingsth禁止做某事requiretodosth要求去做某事requiresbtodosth要求某人去做某事requirethatsb(should)dosth要求某人做某事sthrequiredoing某物需要被做=sthrequiretobedoneonaspot在现场,当场ripoff敲竹杠;敲诈ripsthoff偷窃,盗取getakickoutof从……中得到乐趣enjoydoing喜欢干…..befondof喜欢…..goinfor爱好,从事Module6attacksbwithsth用某物攻击某人beattackedwithadisease患/害病makeanattackon/upon对…发动攻击aheartattack心脏病突发comeintoexistence开始存在;形成;成立astruggleforexistence生存竞争calmdown(使)安静下来sb.isunlikelyto…某人不可能Itisunlikelythat…不可能……

belikelyto...可能……berelatedto与…有关,与…有联系relatesthtosth把…..与……联系起来Therehappenstobe…碰巧有……Thereappearstobe…似乎有……Thereseemstobe…好像有havethefortune(luck)todosth幸好(幸运)做某事makeafortune发财tryone’sfortune碰碰运气dieout(家族、物种)灭绝;灭亡;(习俗等)渐渐消失(火)逐渐熄灭throwlighton帮助弄清楚;阐明某事cometolight暴露,被发现,表现出来bringtolight让人知道,公布于世comestraighttothepoint谈正题;开门见山beside/offthepoint不切正题,无关紧要tothepoint切题,中肯beonthepointof正要gofor适用于,应用于;喜欢,偏爱adaptoneselfto使自己适应于……accordingto根据beconnectedwith与…..有关系inorderto=soasto为了本模块重点语法情态动词+have+p.p.用法归纳musthavedonesth.肯定做了某事(表示对过去的某事做出肯定的判断)Heknewthefilm.Hemusthaveseenit.2.may/mighthavedone可能/大概已经做了某事（表示对过去情况的可能性推测）TommayhaveboughtanewpenbecauseIdon’tseetheoldone..3.can’t/couldn’thavedonesth.不可能已经做了某事（表示对过去情况的否定性推测）Thegroundisdry,soitcan’thaverainedlastnight.4.shouldhavedonesth.过去应该做某事（而没做）=oughttohavedonesthYouarelate.Youshouldhavecome1minuteearlier.5.shouldn’thavedonesth.过去不该做某事（却做了）=oughtn’ttohavedonesth.Sheiscrying.Youshouldn’thavetoldherthesadnews.6.couldhavedonesth.本来能够做（却没有做某事）7.needn’thavedonesth.原来不必做某事（却已经做了）Tomhasboughtanewpen.Youneedn’thavelenthimyourpen.8.wouldratherhavedonesth.本来想做某事（却未做成）IwouldratherhavecometohelpyouwithyourEnglish,butIwastoobusyatthattime.二、情态动词表推测的其他用法1、情态动词+动词原形表示对现在或将来情况的推测2、情态动词+bedoing表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测3、情态动词+havebeendoing表示对过去正在发生的事情的推测Book5Module11.Itisobvious(tosb.)that从句对某人来说，……是显然的2.confuseAwith/andB把A和B相混淆3.beconfusedbysth.被…….搞糊涂了4.inconfusion困惑的；困窘地5.compare...with...和……比较6.compare...to把……比作7.comeparedto/with和……相比（作状语）8.varietyof=varietiesof各种各样的9.differfromsb./sth.与某人或某物有区别，相异10.differin...在某方面不同11.havesth.incommon(withsb./sth.)和某人或某物有相同之处12.havealot/much/agreatdealincommonwith...与……有很多共同之处13.havenothing/littleincommonwith...与……没有/很少有共同之处14.incommonwithsb./sth.和……一样15.makeadifference有关系；有重要性；16.makesomedifferenceto...对……有些关系17.makemuchdifferenceto...关系重大；有重大影响18.makenodifferenceto...对……没有关系19.besimilarto与……相似20.besimilarin在……方面相似21.havesome/muchdifficulty（in）doingsth.做某事有些/很多困难22.havesome/muchdifficultywithsth.做某事有一些/很多困难23.withdifficulty困（艰）难地24.leadtosb.doingsth.使得某人做某事25.leadsb.todosth.使得某人去做某事26.announcesth.tosb.向某人宣布某事=announcetosb.sth向某人宣布某事27.add...to...把……加到……中28.addto增加29.addup...合计；加起来30.addupto...总计31.makeanannouncement发表声明，通知32.atpresent现在；目前33.makeanattempttodosth.试图做某事34.makeanattemptatdoingsth.试图（尝试）做某事35.atone’sfirstattempt第一次尝试36.attemptat（doing）sth.尝试（做）某事37.infavourof同意，支持，拥护38.dosb.afavour帮某人一个忙39.asksb.afavour=askafavourofsb请求某人帮忙40.insb.’sfavour有助于某人41.referto...as...称……为……42.referto参考43.make(a)reference(s)to提及，论及44.now(that)+句子由于；既然Module21.toone’ssatisfaction使某人感到满意的是2.offerone’shand伸出手3.offersb.sth.=offersth.tosb.为某人提供某物4.show/haverespectforsb.=respectsb.尊敬某人5.give/sendmyrespectstosb.请代我向某人问好/致意6.inallrespects无论从哪方面来看7.passby经过；从……旁经过8.passaway去世；（时间等）消磨掉，过去9.passdown把……一代传一代；流传10.passon传递11.take...forgranted认为…...理所当然12.takeit/thingseasy轻松，放松13.takeone’stime慢慢来，不着急14.inparticular尤其，特别地15.beparticularabout/over...对……讲究/挑剔16.haveaneffecton...对……有影响17.takeup站好位置以备……18.when用作并列连词时，常用下列句型：（1）Sb.wasabouttodosth.when...某人正要干某事时，这时…….=Sb.wasonthepointofdoingsth.when...(2)Sb.wasdoingsth.when...某人正在干某事时，这时……(3)Sb.had(just)donesth.when...某人刚干完某事时，这时……19.apply(tosb.)forsth.(向某人)申请某物20.applysth.tosth.把……应用于……21.applyto...适用于……22.applyoneselyto...致力于……23.sth.requiredoing/tobedone某物需要被做……24.requiresb.todosth.要求某人做某事25.requirethat...(should)dosth.要求做某事26.ingreatdemand需求很大27.meet/satisfyone’sdemang(s)满足某人的需要28.demangtodosth.要求做某事29.demandthat...(should)dosth.要求某人做某事30.inresponseto作为……的回应31.make/givearesponseto对…...做出反应32.make/givenoresponseto对…不予回答/理解Module31.onaccountof因为2.onnoaccount决不，在任何条件下都不3.oaccount=takeaccountofsth.把某事考虑在内4.accountfor做出解释，提出理由5.lie-lay-lain-lying平躺；位于lay–laid–laid–laying放置；产卵6.Theboylyingonthegroundliedthathiscocklaidanegg.躺在地上的小男孩说他的公鸡下了一只蛋。7.getinto(a)panic陷入恐慌状态8.beat/inapanic在恐慌中9.becuriousabout对……好奇，感兴趣10.outofcuriosity出于好奇11.satisfyone’scuriosity满足某人的好奇心12.haveconnectionwith与…有联系/有关联13.haveadirect/close/strongconnectionwith与…有直接/密切/牢固的联系14.havesth./nothingtodowith与…有关/与…无关15.berelatedto与…有关16.toone’sastonishment令某人吃惊的是17.toone’ssurprise令某人吃惊的是18.toone’sexcitement令某人激动的是19.toone’sdisappointment令人失望的是20.toone’ssorrow