英美文学欣赏考试整理版

作家作品连线WilliamShakespeare莎士比亚Tragedies四大悲剧RomeoandJuliet《罗密欧与朱丽叶》Hamlet《哈姆雷特》Othello《奥赛罗》KingLear《李尔王》Macbeth《麦克白》Comedies喜剧MuchAdoAboutNothing无事生非AsYouLikeI皆大欢喜TwelfthNight第十二夜TheMerchantofVenice威尼斯商人AlexenderPope亚历山大波普AnEssayonCriticism《批评论》JonathanSwift乔纳森·斯威夫特“ATaleofaTub”《一个木桶的故事》“TheBattleoftheBooks”《书籍之战》“AModestProposal”《一个温和的建议》“Gulliver’sTravels”《格列佛游记》RobertBurns罗伯特·彭斯ARed,RedRose红红的玫瑰AuldlangSyne往昔的时光WilliamWordsworth威廉·华兹华斯LyricalBallads(1798)《抒情歌谣集》IWanderedLonelyasaCloud《我好似一朵流云独自漫游》又叫《云中漫步》GeorgeGordonByron乔治·戈登·拜伦ChildeHarold’sPilgrimage《恰尔德·哈罗德游记》DonJuan《唐璜》SheWalksinBeautyJaneAusten简·奥斯汀SenseandSensibility《理智与情感》PrideandPrejudice《傲慢与偏见》MansfieldPark《曼斯菲尔德公园》Persuasion《劝导》Emma《爱玛》NorthangerAbbey《诺桑觉寺》BrontëSisters勃朗特姐妹CharlotteBrontë夏洛蒂JaneEyre《简·爱》Shirley《雪利》Villette《维莱特》TheProfessor《教授》Emily(Jane)Brontë艾米丽WutheringHeights《呼啸山庄》AnneBrontë安妮GeorgeEliot乔治艾略特TheMillontheFloss《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》ThomasHardy托马斯哈代1.RomancesandFantasies罗曼史和幻想小说TheTrumpetMajor《号兵长》2.NovelsofIngenuity机敏和经验小说DesperateRemedies《非常手段》3.NovelsofCharacter&Environment性格和环境小说TheReturnoftheNative《还乡》TessoftheD’Urbervilles,aPureWomanFaithfullyPortrayed《德伯家的苔丝》JudetheObscure《无名的裘德》NathanielHawthorne霍桑collectionsofshortstories:Twice-ToldTales(1837)《再讲一遍的故事》NovelsTheScarletLetter《红字》TheHouseoftheSevenGables(1851),《带有七个尖角阁的房子》TheBlithedaleRomance(1852)《福谷传奇》，TheMarbleFaun(1860)《玉石雕像》HermanMelville梅尔维尔MajorworksTypee,泰皮anaccountofhisstaywiththecannibals.OMOO,欧穆thesequelofTypee,andgainedahugesuccessasthefirstnovel.BillyBudd比理巴德(1924)MobyDick大白鲸EmilyDickinson艾米莉。狄更生(1830-1886)BecauseIcouldnotstopforDeathIDiedforBeauty“BelleofAmherst”I’mNobody“TheSoulselectsHerownsociety”INEVERLOSTASMUCHBUTTWICEWildNights-WildNights!IfyouwerecominginthefallAbirdcamedownthewalkMarkTwain(1835-1910)TheGildedAge《镀金时代》“TheManthatCorruptedHadleyburg”1900《败坏了哈德莱堡的人》TheAdventuresofTomSawyer汤姆索亚历险记TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn《(顽童历险记)》德莱赛TheodoreDreiserSisterCarrie《嘉丽妹妹》:JennieGerhardt《珍妮姑娘》:asequelofSisterCarrie.TrilogyofDreiser:TheFinancier《金融家》,TheTitan《巨头》,TheStoic《斯多噶》,AnAmericanTragedy《美国的悲剧》TheGenius《天才》:ErnestHemingway海明威TheSunAlsoRises(Novel)太阳照样升起MenWithoutWomen(ShortStories)没有女人的男人AFarewelltoArms(Novel)永别了，武器DeathintheAfternoon(Novel)午后之死GreenHillsofAfrica(Novel)非洲的青山ToHaveandHaveNot(Novel)虽有犹无ForWhomtheBellTolls(Novel)丧钟为谁而鸣AcrosstheRiverandintotheTrees过河入林TheOldManandtheSea(Novel)老人与海翻译莎士比亚Sonnet18ShallIcomparetheetoaSummer’sday?Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate.RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,AndSummer’sleasehathalltooshortadate.Sometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshines,Andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimm’d;Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,Bychance,ornature’schangingcourse,untrimm’d;ButthyeternalSummershallnotfade,Norlosepossessionofthatfairthouow’stNorshallDeathbragthouwander’stinhisshade,Whenineternallinetotimethougrow’st.

Solongasmencanbreathoreyescansee,Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.我能否将你比作夏天？你比夏天更美丽温婉。狂风将五月的蓓蕾凋残，夏日的勾留何其短暂。休恋那丽日当空，转眼会云雾迷蒙。休叹那百花飘零，催折于无常的天命。唯有你永恒的夏日常新，你的美貌亦毫发无损。死神也无缘将你幽禁，你在我永恒的诗中长存。只要世间尚有人吟诵我的诗篇，这诗就将不朽，永葆你的芳颜。Hamlet,PrinceofDenmarkActIII,SceneIAroominthecastleTobe,ornottobe:thatisthequestion:Whether'tisnoblerinthemindtosufferTheslingsandarrowsofoutrageousfortune,Ortotakearmsagainstaseaoftroubles,Andbyopposingendthem?Todie:tosleep;Nomore;andbyasleeptosayweendTheheart-acheandthethousandnaturalshocksThatfleshisheirto,'tisaconsummation。Devoutlytobewish'd.Todie,tosleep;Tosleep:perchancetodream:ay,there'stherubForinthatsleepofdeathwhatdreamsmaycomeWhenwehaveshuffledoffthismortalcoil,Mustgiveuspause:there'stherespectThatmakescalamityofsolonglife;Forwhowouldbearthewhipsandscornsoftime,Theoppressor'swrong,theproudman'scontumely,Thepangsofdespisedlove,thelaw'sdelay,TheinsolenceofofficeandthespurnsThatpatientmeritoftheunworthytakes,WhenhehimselfmighthisquietusmakeWithabarebodkin?whowouldfardelsbear,Togruntandsweatunderawearylife,Butthatthedreadofsomethingafterdeath,Theundiscover'dcountryfromwhosebournNotravelerreturns,puzzlesthewillAndmakesusratherbearthoseillswehaveThanflytoothersthatweknownotof?Thusconsciencedoesmakecowardsofusall;AndthusthenativehueofresolutionIssickliedo'erwiththepalecastofthought,AndenterprisesofgreatpithandmomentWiththisregardtheircurrentsturnawry,Andlosethenameofaction

生存还是毁灭？这是个问题。究竟哪样更高贵，去忍受那狂暴的命运无情的摧残,还是挺身去反抗那无边的烦恼，把它扫一个干净。去死，去睡就结束了，如果睡眠能结束我们心灵的创伤和肉体所承受的千百种痛苦，那真是生存求之不得的天大的好事。去死，去睡，去睡，也许会做梦！唉，这就麻烦了，即使摆脱了这尘世可在这死的睡眠里又会做些什么梦呢？真得想一想，就这点顾虑使人受着终身的折磨,谁甘心忍受那鞭打和嘲弄，受人压迫，受尽侮蔑和轻视，忍受那失恋的痛苦，法庭的拖延，衙门的横征暴敛，默默无闻的劳碌却只换来多少凌辱。但他自己只要用把尖刀就能解脱了。谁也不甘心，呻吟、流汗拖着这残生，可是对死后又感觉到恐惧，又从来没有任何人从死亡的国土里回来，因此动摇了，宁愿忍受着目前的苦难而不愿投奔向另一种苦难。顾虑就使我们都变成了懦夫，使得那果断的本色蒙上了一层思虑的惨白的容颜，本来可以做出伟大的事业，由于思虑就化为乌有了，丧失了行动的能力。WilliamBlake威廉·布莱克Toseeaworldinagrainofsand,Andaheaveninawildflower,Holdinfinityinthepalmofyourhand,Andeternityinanhour一花一世界一沙一天国，君掌盛无边，刹那含永劫。TheTigerTiger!Tiger!Burningbright老虎！老虎！黑夜的森林中Intheforestofthenight,燃烧着的煌煌的火光Whatimmortalhandoreye是怎样的神手或天眼Couldframethyfearfulsymmetry?

造出了你这样的威武堂堂？Inwhatdistantdeepsorskies你炯炯的两眼中的火Burntthefireofthyeyes?燃烧在多远的天空或深渊？Onwhatwingsdareheaspires?他乘着怎样的翅膀搏击？Whatthehanddareseizethefire?用怎样的手夺来火焰？Andwhatshoulder,&whatart,又是怎样的膂力，怎样的技巧，Couldtwistthesinewsofthyheart?把你的心脏的筋肉捏成？Andwhenthyheartbegantobeat,当你的心脏开始搏动时，Whatdreadhand?andwhatdreadfeet?使用怎样猛的手腕和脚胫？Whatthehammer?whatthechain?是怎样的槌？怎样的链子？Inwhatfurnacewasthybrain?在怎样的熔炉中炼成你的脑筋？Whattheanvil?whatdreadgrasp是怎样的铁砧？怎样的铁臂Dareitsdeadlyterrorsclasp?敢于捉着这可怖的凶神？RobertBurns罗伯特·彭斯ARed,RedRose红红的玫瑰MY

Luve's

like

a

red,

red

rose

啊，我爱人象红红的玫瑰，

That's

newly

sprung

in

June:

它在六月里初开；

O

my

Luve's

like

the

melodie啊，我爱人象一支乐曲，

That's

sweetly

play'd

in

tune!

美妙地演奏起来。

As

fair

thou

art,

my

bonnie

lass,你是那么美，漂亮的姑娘，

So

deep

in

love

am

I:

我爱你那么深切；

And

I

will

love

thee

still,

my

dear,我要爱你下去，亲爱的，

Till

a'

the

seas

gang

dry:一直到四海枯竭。Till

a'

the

seas

gang

dry,

my

dear,一直到四海枯竭，亲爱的，

And

the

rocks

melt

with

the

sun;

到太阳把岩石烧裂；

I

will

luve

thee

still

my

dear,我要爱你下去，亲爱的，

When

the

sands

of

life

shall

run.

只要是生命不绝。

And

fare

thee

weel,

my

only

Luve,再见吧－－我唯一的爱人，

And

fare

thee

weel

a

while!我和你小别片刻；

And

I

will

come

again

,

my

Luve,我要回来的，亲爱的，

Tho'

it

were

ten

thousand

mile.即使是万里相隔。AuldlangSyne友谊地久天长byRobertBurnsShouldauldacquaintancebeforgotAndneverbroughttomind?Shouldauldacquaintancebeforgot,Andauldlangsyne!往昔的时光，老朋友哪能遗忘，哪能不放在心上？

老朋友哪能遗忘，还有往昔的时光？Forauldlangsyne,mydear,Forauldlangsyne,We'lltakeacupo'kindnessyetForauldlangsyne为了往昔的时光，老朋友，为了往昔的时光，

再干一杯友情的酒，为了往昔的时光，Andsurelyye'llbeyourpintstowp!AndsurelyI'llbemine!Andwe'lltakeacupo'kindnessyet,ForauldlangsyneWetwahaerunaboutthebraes,Anpou'dthegowansfineButwe'vewander'dmonyawearyfitt,Sin'auldlangsyne你来痛饮一大杯，我也买酒来相陪。

干一杯友情的酒又何妨？为了往昔的时光。我们曾邀游山岗，到处将野花拜访。但以后走上疲惫的旅程，逝去了往昔的时光！Wetwahaepaidl'dintheburn,Fraemorningsuntilldine;Butseasbetweenusbraidhaeroar'd,Sinauldlangsyne我们曾赤脚瞠过河流，水声笑语里将时间忘。如今大海的怒涛把我们隔开，逝去了往昔的时光！Forauldlangsyne,mydear,Forauldlangsyne,We'lltakeacupo'kindnessyetForauldlangsyneAndthere'sahand,mytrustyfiere!Andgie'sahando'thine!Andwe'lltakearightgude-williewaught,ForauldlangsyneForauldlangsyne,mydear,Forauldlangsyne,We'lltakeacupo'kindnessyetForauldlangsyne忠实的老友，伸出你的手，让我们握手聚一堂，再来痛饮—杯欢乐酒，为了往昔的时光WilliamWordsworth威廉·华兹华斯IWanderedLonelyasaCloud见大题GeorgeGordonByron乔治·戈登·拜伦SheWalksinBeautyShewalksinbeauty,likethenight她漫步在美的光彩中，像夜色般Ofcloudlessclimeandstarryskies,皎洁无云，繁星漫天，

Andallthat'sbestofdarkandbrigh明与暗的最美妙的色泽tMeetinheraspectandhereyes;在她的仪容和秋波中交织Thusmellowedtothattenderlight融合成如此柔和的光泽Whichheaventogaudydaydenies.

让天堂和人间的一切美景都黯然失色。Oneshadethemore,oneraytheless,增减一分暗影或光亮Hadhalfimpairedthenamelessgrace都会损害这难言的优雅美丽Whichwavesineveryraventress乌黑的长发犹如轻轻的波浪Orsoftlylightenso‘erherface,或者散布淡淡的光辉在那脸庞wherethoughtsserenelysweetexpress清幽，恬静的思绪Howprue,howdeartheirdwelling-place.

倾诉着他们的寓所是多么的纯洁而珍贵。Andonthatcheekando'erthatbrow那额际，那眉梢

Sosoft,socalm,yeteloquent,如此轻柔温和，脉脉含情

TheSmilesthatwin,thetintsthatglow那迷人的微笑，那容颜的光彩，

Buttellofdaysingoodnessspent,都在表达一个善良的生命

Amindatpeacewithallbelow,她的思想如此与世无争，安于世间的一切

Aheartwhoseloveisinnocent.她心中的爱如此天真无邪WutheringHeights《呼啸山庄》Emily(Jane)Brontë艾米丽“MygreatmiseriesinthisworldhavebeenHeathcliff'smiseries,andIwatchedandfelteachfromthebeginning:mygreatthoughtinlivingishimself.Ifallelseperished,andHEremained,Ishouldstillcontinuetobe;andifallelseremained,andhewereannihilated,theuniversewouldturntoamightystranger:Ishouldnotseemapartofit.-MyloveforLintonislikethefoliageinthewoods:timewillchangeit,I'mwellaware,aswinterchangesthetrees.MyloveforHeathcliffresemblestheeternalrocksbeneath:asourceoflittlevisibledelight,butnecessary.Nelly,IAMHeathcliff!He'salways,alwaysinmymind:notasapleasure,anymorethanIamalwaysapleasuretomyself,butasmyownbeing.”在这个世界上，我的最大的悲痛就是希刺克厉夫的悲痛，而且我从一开始就注意并且感受到了，在我的生活中，他是我思想的中心。如果别的一切都毁灭了,而他还留下来，我就能继续活下去，如果别的一切都留下来，而他给消灭了，这个世界对于我将成为一个极陌生的地方。我就不像是它的一部分。我对林敦的爱像是树林中的叶子：我完全晓得，在冬天改变树木的时候，时光便会改变叶子。我对希刺克厉夫的爱恰似下面的恒久不变的岩石，虽然看起来它给你的愉快并不多，可是这点愉快却是必需的。耐莉，我就是希刺克厉夫！他永远永远地在我心里.'Youteachmenowhowcruelyou'vebeen-cruelandfalse.WHYdidyoudespiseme?WHYdidyoubetrayyourownheart,Cathy?Ihavenotonewordofcomfort.Youdeservethis.Youhavekilledyourself.Yes,youmaykissme,andcry;andwringoutmykissesandtears:they'llblightyou-they'lldamnyou.Youlovedme-thenwhatRIGHThadyoutoleaveme?Whatright-answerme-forthepoorfancyyoufeltforLinton?Becausemiseryanddegradation,anddeath,andnothingthatGodorSatancouldinflictwouldhavepartedus,YOU,ofyourownwill,didit.Ihavenotbrokenyourheart-YOUhavebrokenit;andinbreakingit,youhavebrokenmine.SomuchtheworseformethatIamstrong.DoIwanttolive?Whatkindoflivingwillitbewhenyou-oh,God!wouldYOUliketolivewithyoursoulinthegrave?'“你现在才使我明白你曾经多么残酷——残酷又虚伪。你过去为什么瞧不起我呢？你为什么欺骗你自己的心呢，凯蒂？我没有一句安慰的话。这是你应得的。你害死了你自己。是的，你可以亲吻我，哭，又逼出我的吻和眼泪：我的吻和眼泪要摧残你——要诅咒你。你爱过我——那么你有什么权利离开我呢？有什么权利——回答我——对林惇存那种可怜的幻想？因为悲惨、耻辱和死亡，以及上帝或撒旦所能给的一切打击和痛苦都不能把我们分开，而你，却出于你自己的心意，这样做了。我没有弄碎你的心——是你弄碎了的；而在弄碎它的时候，你把我的心也弄碎了。因为我是强壮的，对于我就格外苦。我还要活吗？那将是什么样的生活，当你——

啊，上帝！你愿意带着你的灵魂留在坟墓里吗？”CatherineEarnshaw,mayyounotrestaslongasIamliving!

YousaidIkilledyou--hauntme,then!

Themurdereddohaunttheirmurderers.

Ibelieve--Iknowthatghostshavewanderedonearth.

Bewithmealways--takeanyform--drivememad!onlydonotleavemeinthisabyss,whereIcannotfindyou!

OhGod!itisunutterable!

Icannotlivewithoutmylife!

Icannotlivewithoutmysoul!-------------Wuthering凯瑟琳·恩萧，只要在我还活着的时候；愿你也不得安息！你说我害了你——那么，缠着我吧！被害的人是缠着他的凶手的。我相信——我知道鬼魂是在人世间漫游的。那就永远跟着我——采取任何形式——把我逼疯吧！只要别把我撇在这个深渊里，这儿我找不到你！啊，上帝！真是没法说呀！没有我的生命，我不能活下去！没有我的灵魂，我不能活下去啊！霍桑·evilbeingatthecoreofhumanlife,evilexistsinthehumanheart,人心是万恶之源;·sinwillgetpunished,onewayoranother,‘恶有恶报’·thewrong-doingofonegenerationlivesintothesuccessiveones’‘一代人的错误会延续到后代去’EmilyDickinson艾米莉。狄更生MYlifeclosedtwicebeforeitsclose;

MYlifeclosedtwicebeforeitsclose;

我已经失去了两位亲人，

Ityetremainstosee可是，我依然不知道IfImmortalityunveil

上天是否还安排了

Athirdeventtome,

第三次？Sohuge,sohopelesstoconceive,

如此痛苦，如此绝望，Asthesethattwicebefell.那两次生离死别。Partingisallweknowofheaven,

逝者，因此看到天堂，

Andallweneedofhell.生者，因此品尝地狱。I’mNobody!Whoareyou?AreyouNobodytoo?Thenthere’sapairofus!Don’ttell,they’dbanishus,youknow!HowdrearytobeSomebody!Howpublic—likeaFrog—TotellyournamethelivelongJuneToanadmiringBog!我谁也不是，／你是谁？／你也谁都不是吗？／我们俩人成了一对，／别说话，／他们会赶走我们的／你知道。

多没劲啊非得争个名人地位，／抛头露面像一只青蛙／在这漫长的六月里／冲着崇拜它的泥塘／鼓噪。（狄金森诗，金心译）INEVERLOSTASMUCHBUTTWICE

INEVERlostasmuchbuttwice,

Andthatwasinthesod;

TwicehaveIstoodabeggar

BeforethedoorofGod!

Angels,twicedescending,

Reimbursedmystore.

Burglar,banker,father,

Iampooroncemore!BecauseIcouldnotstopforDeath

BecauseIcouldnotstopforDeath－Hekindlystoppedforme－Thecarriageheldbutjustourselves－

AndImmortality.

Weslowlydrove－heknewnohaste,

AndIhadputaway

Mylabour,andmyleisuretoo,

Forhiscivility－

Wepassedtheschoolwherechildrenplayed,

Theirlessonsscarcelydone;

Wepassedthefieldsofgazinggrain－

Wepassedthesettingsun－我们一起坐上马车，还有永生陪伴身旁，

我们驱车缓缓前行，他悠然自得不慌不忙。我们经过校园，娱乐的孩子挤满操场，

我们经过田野，麦穗张望，

我们经过西沉的太阳。Orrather－HepassesUs－TheDewsdrewquiveringandchill－ForonlyGossamer,myGown－MyTippet－onlyTulle－WepausedbeforeaHousethatseemed

ASwellingoftheGround;

TheRoofwasscarcelyvisible,

TheCornicebutamound.

Sincethen-‘tisCenturies;buteach

FeelsshorterthantheDay

IfirstsurmisedtheHorses’Heads

WeretowardEternity－IDiedforBeauty,butwasScarceIdiedforbeauty,butwasscarce

Adjustedinthetomb,

Whenonewhodiedfortruthwaslain

Inanadjoiningroom.

HequestionedsoftlywhyIfailed?

"Forbeauty,"Ireplied.

"AndIfortruth,-thetwoareone;

Webrethrenare,"hesaid.

Andso,askinsmenmetanight,

Wetalkedbetweentherooms,

Untilthemosshadreachedourlips,

Andcoveredupournames.我是为美而死——被人安置在这个坟冢,

有人是为真理而亡的,

也被葬在旁边的穴中.

他曾轻声问道“你为何而死”？

“为美，”我回答

“我，为真理——两者都一样;我们是兄弟，”

他说话.

就这样，像两个男人，相会在这个夜晚,

隔着墓穴交谈,

直到青苔爬到我们唇边,将我们石碑上的名字遮掩（金心译）WildNights-WildNights!WildNights－WildNights暴雨的夜，狂风的夜！

WereIwiththee当我和你在一起

WildNightsshouldbe这暴风雨夜就是我们

Ourluxury!最大的奢侈！

Futile－thewinds－狂风无用——

Toaheartinport－一颗心已经入港——

Donewiththecompass－不需要海图——

Donewiththechart!不需要罗盘的方向！

RowinginEden－荡舟在伊甸园——

Ah,thesea!啊，大海！

MightIbutmoorTonight－今夜，我是否能停泊在

InThee!你的胸怀！IfyouwerecominginthefallIfyouwerecominginthefall,如果你能在秋季来到，

Ibrushthesummerby我会用掸子把夏季掸掉，Withhalfasmileandhalfaspurn,一半轻蔑，一半含笑

Ashouswivesdo,afly.象管家妇把苍蝇赶跑。IfIcouldseeyouinayear,如果一年后能够见你，

I’dwindthemonthsinballs,我将把月份缠绕成团——

Andputthemeachinseparatedawers,分别存放在不同的抽屉，

Untilltheirtimebefalls.免得，混淆了日期——

Ifonlycenturiesdelayed,如果只耽搁几个世纪，

I’dcountthemonmyhand,我会用我的手算计——

Subtractingtillmyfingersdropped把手指逐一屈起，直到

IntoVanDiemen’sland.全部倒伏在亡人国里Ifcertain,whenthislifewasout,如果确知，聚会在生命——

Thatyoursandmineshouldbe,你的和我的生命，结束时——

I’dtossityonderlikearind,我愿意把生命抛弃——

Andtasteeternity.如同抛弃一片果皮——Butnow,uncertainofthelength,但是现在难以确知

Ofthisthatisbetween,相隔还有多长时日——Itgoalsme,likethegoblinbee,这状况刺痛我有如妖蜂—Thatwillnotstateitssting.秘而不宣，是那毒刺PrideandPrejudicebyJaneAustinItisatruthuniversallyacknowledgedthatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortunemustbeinwantofawife.“Whatishisname?”“Ishemarriedorsingle?”“Oh!Single,mydear,tobesure!Asinglemanoflargefortune;fourorfivethousandayear.Whatafinethingforourgirls!”“Howso?Howcanitaffectthem?”“MydearMr.Bennet,”repliedhiswife,“howcanyoubesotiresome!YoumustknowthatIamthinkingofhismarryingoneofthem.”凡是有钱的单身汉，总想娶位太太，这已经成了一条举世公认的真理。“这个人叫什么名字？”“有太太的呢，还是单身汉？”“噢！是个单身汉，亲爱的，确确实实是个单身汉！一个有钱的单身汉；每年有四五千磅的收入。真是女儿们的福气！”“这怎么说？关女儿们什么事？”“我的好老爷，”太太回答道，“你怎么这样叫人讨厌！告诉你吧，我正在盘算，他要是挑中我们一个女儿做老婆，可多好！”JaneEyerCharlotteBrontë夏洛蒂“Doyouthink,becauseIampoor,obscure,plain,andlittle,Iamsoullessandheartless?—Youthinkwrong!…AndifGodhadgiftedmewithsomebeauty,andmuchwealth,Ishouldhavemadeitashardforyoutoleaveme,asitisnowformetoleaveyou…—itismyspiritthataddressesyourspirit;justasifbothhadpassedthroughthegrave,andwestoodatGod’sfeet,equal—asweare!”“难道就因为我一贫如洗、默默无闻、长相平庸、个子瘦小，就没有灵魂，没有心肠了？——你想错了!——我的心灵跟你一样丰富，我的心胸跟你一样充实！要是上帝赐予我一点姿色和充足的财富，我会使你同我现在一样难分难舍，我不是根据习俗、常规，甚至也不是血肉之躯同你说话，而是我的灵魂同你的灵魂在对话，就仿佛我们两人穿过坟墓，站在上帝脚下，彼此平等——本来就如此！”大题哈代Tess:是否是纯洁的女人？ThesubtitleofthenovelisAPureWomanFaithfullyPortrayed.Allthingsconsidered,wasTessapurewoman?WhyorWhynot?Tesswasapurewoman.·pureherenotreferstothephysicalmeaningbutthespiritualone.Throughoutthenovel,Tesswasloyaltohertruefeelings.SheremainedherloyaltytoAngel.Aleconlyclaimedherbody.ShewasspirituallywithAngelallthetime.·Sheisresponsibleanddoesherbestforthefamily.·Sheishonest.·Shecouldfacehertragedywithgreatdignity.2.WhydowesayTess’stragedyisapersonalaswellasasocialone?Tess’sfateispersonal:Shehappenstobesobeautiful,sopure,soinnocent,andsopoor,andshehappenstogetinvolvedwith2menwho,thoughapparentrivals,actuallyjointtheirforcesinbringingaboutherdestruction.Herfateisasocialone:Itcanbethefateofanycountrygirllikeher.Itcanbethefateofallthepeasantswhoaredrivenoutoftheirlandandhomeandforcedtoseeksomewhereelseforsustenance.WritingStyle·Mostofhisworkshavethegloomy,sullenlandscapeofWessexinthebackground.·Theunderlyingthemeofhisnovelsisthestruggleofmanagainstthemysteriousforcewhichrulestheworld,bringsmisfortuneintoman’slifeandpredetermineshisfate.Thisfatalismisstronglyreflectedinhiswritings.·Inhisworksthestrongelementsofnaturalismiscombinedwithatendencytowardssymbolism,whichsomewhatspoilthemainrealisticeffectofhisart.·Hisnovelsmoverapidlyinaseriesofepisodicdescriptionswithdetailswhichalwaysresultinleavingsufficientroomforthereaders’imagination.AnalyzethethemesinJaneEyer.简爱的主题1.Oneofthecentralthemesofthebookisthecriticismofthebourgeoissystemofeducation.2.Notlesssevereistheauthor’sdescriptionoftheEnglishcountrysquire.Shecomparesthemtotheuncultivatedandnarrow-mindedPhilistines.3.Anotherproblemraisedinthenovelisthepositionofwomaninsociety.JaneEyre,theheroineofthenovel,maintainsthatwomanshouldhaveequalrightswithmen.Soeducationisimportantforwoman’shappiness.4.Theauthoradvocatestheequalitybetweenmanandwomaninmarriage,alsosheinsistedthattheemotionsandmoralconsiderationsareequallyimportantinmarriage.JaneEyre'scharacter简爱的性格·JaneEyrewasalittleplaingovernesswithquickwit,honesty,frankness,lovingheartandthespiritofindependenceandself-dignity.Inliterature,sheisanindividualconscioustoself-realization.Shewaslonelyandneglectedyoungwomanwithafiercelongingforlove,understandingandafull,happylife.·Inauthor’smind,man’slifeiscomposedofperpetualstrugglebetweensinandvirtue,goodandevil.Theheroines’joy,comesfromthesacrificeofselfandtheovercomeofsomeweakness.·ByJane’sexperience,wecanseethecruelty,hypocrisy,andotherevilsoftheupperclassesandthemiseryandthesufferingofthepoor,andthefalsesocialconventiononloveandmarriage.EmilyBronteWutheringHeights呼啸山庄CharacterAnalysesHeathcliffToeveryonebutCatherineandHareton,Heathcliffseemstobeaninhumanmonster—orevenincarnateevil.Fromaliteraryperspective,heisamanofstormyemotionswhoshunshumanitybecausehehimselfhasbeenostracized;arebelliousherowhofunctionsasalawuntohimself.Heathcliffisbothdespicableandpitiable.HisonesolepassionisCatherine,yethiscommitmenttohisnotionofahigherlovedoesnotseemtoincludeforgiveness.Hehatesasdeeplyasheloves;therefore,heisdespisedasmuchasheispitied.CatherineOftenviewedastheepitomeofthefreespirit,Catherineistornbetweentwoworlds.Ononehand,shelongstobewithHeathcliff,hersoulmate.Ontheother,sherecognizeswhatamarriagetoEdgarcandoforhersocially,andsheenjoysthosethingsthatEdgarcanprovideforher.Ultimately,sheisself-absorbedandself-centered,andalthoughsheclaimstolovebothHeathcliffandEdgar,shelovesherselfmore,andthisselfishloveendsuphurtingeveryonewhocaresforherEdgarLintonEdgarrepresentsthetypicalVictorianhero,possessingqualitiesofconstancyandtenderness;however,anon-emotionalintellectualisnotthetypeofpersonwhocanmakeCatherinehappyinthelongrun.EdgarlovesandunderstandsCatherinemorethananyonerealizes,butlovealoneisnotenoughtosustainarelationship.Heendsuplosingeverything—hiswife,hissister,hisdaughter,andhishome—toHeathcliffbecausegooddoesnotalwaysovercomeevil.HeisafoilforHeathcliff.CathyLintonCathy’snature,acombinationofbothherparents,iskeytorevisingthepast.HerwildnessandwillfulnessleadhertoWutheringandtheproblemsandpitfallsrelatedtherein.Herconstantloyalty,goodnature,andperseverance,however,eventuallyrestoreorderandlovetothefarmhouse,thwartingHeathcliff’splansforrevenge.HaretonEarnshawMoreofasontoHeathcliffthanLinton,Haretonexhibitsasenseofnobilitybyremainingloyaltotheonlyfatherheeverreallyknew.Althoughheloseshisinheritance,hedoesnotbearagrudgetowardHeathcliff.Formostofthetext,heservesasaremindertoHeathcliffofwhathisfather,Hindley,haddone.Buttowardtheendofthenovel,HaretonbeginstoremindHeathcliffofCatherine.HaretonevenstandsuptoHeathcliffonCathy’sbehalf.MajorThemesOfthemajorthemesinWutheringHeights,thenatureoflove—bothromanticandbrotherlybut,oddlyenough,noterotic—appliestotheprincipalcharactersaswellastheminorones.Contrastingthecapacityforloveistheabilitytohate,therearisesanothermajorthemeinWutheringHeightsWutheringOnthesurface,WutheringHeightsisalovestory.Delvingdeeper,readersfindbothasymbolicandpsychologicalnovel.Brontë评论"Thisisahorrible,painful,strongandfullofpassionforthebook"

"Inthe19thcentury,"WutheringHeights"isawritercouldwritethebestprose"

Itswild,touchingtheU.S.conquestofthelatenineteenthcenturyBritishliterature,knownasthetextinthehistoryofBritain"themostbizarrenovel"

In1948bytheBritishwriterSomersetMaughamnovelhailedasoneoftheworld'stopten;May2002,thisnovelismorepopularbytheexcellentliteraryappreciationofNorway,wasselectedasoneofthe"Hundredofworldliteratureclassicsever".“这是一本可怕的、令人痛苦、强有力而又充满激情的书”“在19世纪，《呼啸山庄》是一位女作家所能写出的最好的散文诗”以其野性的，感人肺腑的美征服了十九世纪后期英国文坛，被誉为英国文字史上“最奇异的小说”于一九四八年被英国作家毛姆推崇为世界十大小说之一；二００二年五月，这本脍炙人口的的出色小说更获挪威文坛赏识,入选为「有史以来世界文学百部经典」之一Thestructureofthenovel·Thenovelhasauniquestructure:thestoryistoldthroughindependentnarratorsunidenticalwiththeauthor,whosepersonalityisthereforecompletelyabsentfromthebook.·ThestoryistoldmainlybyNelly,Catherine'soldnurse,toMr.Lockwood,atemporarytenantatGrange.ThelattertoogivesanaccountofwhatheseesatWuthering·AndpartofthestoryistoldthroughIsabella'sletterstoNelly.Whilethecentralinterestismaintained,thesequenceofitsdevelopmentisconstantlydisorderedbyflashbacks.·Thismakesthestoryallthemoreenticing&genuine.Thethemeofthenovel·Thenovelisariddlewhichmeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.·Fromthesocialpointofview,itisastoryaboutapoormanabused,betrayed&distortedbyhissocialbettersbecauseheisapoornobody.Itisthesocialhierarchycausedthetragedy.·Asalovestory,thisisoneofthemosttouching:thepassionbetweenHeathcliff&Catherineprovesthemostintense,themostbeautiful&atthesametimethemosthorriblepassionevertobefoundpossibleinhumanbeings.ItdemonstratesthatHumanpassioncanbeconstructiveaswellasdestructive.Storyinbrief：TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnisconsideredasTwain’sgreatestachievement.IttellsastoryabouttheU.S.beforetheCivilWar,around1850s,whenthegreatMississippiTheme:A.Wroteaboutboththeexperiencesofwestwardexpansionandofsouthernslavery.B.Maintheme:Huck'ssearchforpersonalliberation,forthefreedombaseduponhismaturityandhislongingtobehisownmaster.C..AsatireonsouthernculturebeforetheCivilWararound1850.·Showshowtheseno-countwhitesthoughttheywerebetterthanblackslaves.·Satireonthegenteelupper-classsoutherners----anaristocraticlifefullofviolenceandstupidity.·Theviolenceonwhichsouthernculturerestsisapretenceorillusiontodisguisethecowardlinessofthepeopleandtheirrefusaltoactasindividuals.JaneAustenThemeAusten'smainliteraryconcernisabouthumanbeingsintheirpersonalrelationships.Sheisparticularlypreoccupiedwiththerelationshipbetweenmen&womeninlove.Storiesoflove&marriageprovidethemajorthemesinallhernovels.PrideandPrejudiceFeaturesofhernovels·JaneAustenisoneoftherealistnovelists.Themoststrikingthingaboutherworksistheseemingobviousnesstothebigsocialandpoliticalupheavalsintheoutsideworldofhertime.Shedrewvividandrealisticpicturesofeverydaylifeofthecountrysocietyinhernovels.·Austen’sworkhasaverynarrowliteraryfield.Sheonlyconfinesherselftotheeverydaylifeofsimplecountrysocietywithvividdescription·Herinterestiscenteredchieflyuponloveandmarriage.Herplotsarestraight-forward;thereislittleaction.·Hercharactersarelikereallivingcreatures,withfaultsandvirtuesmixedastheyareinreallife.·Herproseflowseasilyandnaturally.Herdialogueisadmirablytruetolife.·Hernovelsshowawealthofhumor,witanddelicatesatire.WilliamWordsworth(1770-1850)威廉·华兹华斯IWanderedLonelyasaCloudIwanderedlonelyasacloud我孤独地漫游，像一朵云

Thatfloatsonhigho'ervalesandhills,在山丘和谷地上飘荡，

WhenallatonceIsawacrowd,忽然间我看见一群

Ahost,ofgoldendaffodils;金色的水仙花迎春开放，

Besidethelake,beneaththetrees,在树荫下，在湖水边，

Flutteringanddancinginthebreeze.迎着微风起舞翩翩。Continuousasthestarsthatshine连绵不绝，如繁星灿烂，

Andtwinkleonthemilkyway,在银河里闪闪发光，

Theystretchedinnever-endinglin