Formula-(化学式)教学讲解课件

Formula(化學式)DifferentkindsofformulaeFormula(化學式)Differentkindso1Formula(化學式)ChemicalShorthandDifferentkindsofformulaEmpiricalformula(實驗式)Ionicformula(離子式)Molecularformula(分子式)Structuralformula(結構式)Formula(化學式)ChemicalShorthan2SodiumchlorideNa+416Cl-416?SodiumchlorideNa+416Cl-416?3SodiumchlorideEmpiricalformula–showingthesimplestwholenumberratioofatomspresent.i.e.NaClIonicformula–showingthesimplestwholenumberratioofionspresent.i.e.Na+Cl-SodiumchlorideEmpiricalformu4WaterWater5WaterEmpiricalformula–H2OIonicformula–notapplicableMolecularformula–showingtheactualnumberofdifferentatomsinamolecule.i.e.H2OStructuralformula–showingtheconnectionoftheatomsinamolecule.WaterEmpiricalformula–H2O6EthaneHydrogenatomCarbonatomEthaneHydrogenCarbon7EthaneEmpiricalformula–CH3Ionicformula–notapplicableMolecularformula–C2H6Structuralformula–EthaneEmpiricalformula–CH38

Whatdodifferentkindsofformulashow?Empiricalformula–

Ionicformula–

Molecularformula–Structuralformula– Whatdodifferentkindsoff9

Whatdodifferentkindsofformulashow?Empiricalformula–showingthesimplestwholeno.ratioofatomspresent.

Ionicformula–showingthesimplestwholeno.rationofionspresent.

Molecularformula–showingtheactualno.ofdifferentatomsinamolecule.Structuralformula–showingtheconnectionofatomsinamolecule. Whatdodifferentkindsoff10SummarySodiumchlorideWaterEthaneEmpiricalformulaIonicformulaMolecularformulaStructuralformulaSummarySodiumchlorideWaterEth11SummarySodiumchlorideWaterEthaneEmpiricalformulaNaClH2OCH3IonicformulaNa+Cl-N.A.N.A.MolecularformulaN.A.H2OC2H6StructuralformulaN.A.SummarySodiumchlorideWaterEth12PredicationofformulaofsubstancesStep1–Classifytheatomspresent:metalornon-metal.Step2–Decidewhetheritisanionic,covalent(simplemolecularorgiantcovalent)substance.Step3–UsetheconceptofjigsawforionicsubstancesandtheconceptofhandsforcovalentsubstancesPredicationofformulaofsubs13ExamplesConstituentParticles(組成粒子)Formula(化學式)NatureofbondSilveratom,OxygenatomLead(II)ion,nitrateionCarbonatom,FluorineatomSodiumion,HydrogensulphateionCalciumion,HydroxideionExamplesConstituentParticlesF14ExamplesConstituentParticles(組成粒子)Formula(化學式)NatureofbondSilveratom,OxygenatomAg2OIonicLead(II)ion,nitrateionPb(NO3)2Ionic,CovalentCarbonatom,FluorineatomCF4CovalentSodiumion,HydrogensulphateionNaHSO4Ionic,CovalentCalciumion,HydroxideionCa(OH)2Ionic,CovalentExamplesConstituentParticlesF15Formulaunit(化學式單位)Formulacanbeusedtorepresentasubstanceoramountofcertainsubstance.e.g.NaClmayrepresentthesubstancesodiumchlorideORapairofNa+andCl-ions,

knownasaformulaunitofNaCl.+-Formulaunit(化學式單位)Formulaca16MicroscopicInterpretation(微觀詮釋)SymbolicRepresentation(符號的表示)Sodiumchloride(氯化鈉)MacroscopicObservation(宏觀觀察)NaClORMicroscopicInterpretation(微觀17Glossary(詞彙)Bonding(鍵)–attractionbetweentheparticles.Ion(離子)–electricallychargedatomormolecule.Ionicbond(離子鍵)–electrostaticattractionbetweenoppositelychargedions.Molecule(分子)–Smallparticlethatcanexitonitsown.Covalentbond(共價鍵)–electrostaticattractionformedbysharingofelectronsbetween2non-metalatoms.Intermolecularforces(分子間力)–aweakattractionbetweenmoleculesdiscoveredbyvanderWaals.Glossary(詞彙)Bonding(鍵)–att18RelationshipbetweendifferentparticlesParticleAtomMoleculeIonRelationshipbetweendifferent19RelationshipbetweendifferentparticlesParticleAtomMoleculeIonCuCHeH2OO2ArNaNa+Cl-NO3-Relationshipbetweendifferent20Formula(化學式)DifferentkindsofformulaeFormula(化學式)Differentkindso21Formula(化學式)ChemicalShorthandDifferentkindsofformulaEmpiricalformula(實驗式)Ionicformula(離子式)Molecularformula(分子式)Structuralformula(結構式)Formula(化學式)ChemicalShorthan22SodiumchlorideNa+416Cl-416?SodiumchlorideNa+416Cl-416?23SodiumchlorideEmpiricalformula–showingthesimplestwholenumberratioofatomspresent.i.e.NaClIonicformula–showingthesimplestwholenumberratioofionspresent.i.e.Na+Cl-SodiumchlorideEmpiricalformu24WaterWater25WaterEmpiricalformula–H2OIonicformula–notapplicableMolecularformula–showingtheactualnumberofdifferentatomsinamolecule.i.e.H2OStructuralformula–showingtheconnectionoftheatomsinamolecule.WaterEmpiricalformula–H2O26EthaneHydrogenatomCarbonatomEthaneHydrogenCarbon27EthaneEmpiricalformula–CH3Ionicformula–notapplicableMolecularformula–C2H6Structuralformula–EthaneEmpiricalformula–CH328

Whatdodifferentkindsofformulashow?Empiricalformula–

Ionicformula–

Molecularformula–Structuralformula– Whatdodifferentkindsoff29

Whatdodifferentkindsofformulashow?Empiricalformula–showingthesimplestwholeno.ratioofatomspresent.

Ionicformula–showingthesimplestwholeno.rationofionspresent.

Molecularformula–showingtheactualno.ofdifferentatomsinamolecule.Structuralformula–showingtheconnectionofatomsinamolecule. Whatdodifferentkindsoff30SummarySodiumchlorideWaterEthaneEmpiricalformulaIonicformulaMolecularformulaStructuralformulaSummarySodiumchlorideWaterEth31SummarySodiumchlorideWaterEthaneEmpiricalformulaNaClH2OCH3IonicformulaNa+Cl-N.A.N.A.MolecularformulaN.A.H2OC2H6StructuralformulaN.A.SummarySodiumchlorideWaterEth32PredicationofformulaofsubstancesStep1–Classifytheatomspresent:metalornon-metal.Step2–Decidewhetheritisanionic,covalent(simplemolecularorgiantcovalent)substance.Step3–UsetheconceptofjigsawforionicsubstancesandtheconceptofhandsforcovalentsubstancesPredicationofformulaofsubs33ExamplesConstituentParticles(組成粒子)Formula(化學式)NatureofbondSilveratom,OxygenatomLead(II)ion,nitrateionCarbonatom,FluorineatomSodiumion,HydrogensulphateionCalciumion,HydroxideionExamplesConstituentParticlesF34ExamplesConstituentParticles(組成粒子)Formula(化學式)NatureofbondSilveratom,OxygenatomAg2OIonicLead(II)ion,nitrateionPb(NO3)2Ionic,CovalentCarbonatom,FluorineatomCF4CovalentSodiumion,HydrogensulphateionNaHSO4Ionic,CovalentCalciumion,HydroxideionCa(OH)2Ionic,CovalentExamplesConstituentParticlesF35Formulaunit(化學式單位)Formulacanbeusedtorepresentasubstanceoramountofcertainsubstance.e.g.NaClmayrepresentthesubstancesodiumchlorideORapairofNa+andCl-ions,

knownasaformulaunitofNaCl.+-Formulaunit(化學式單位)Formulaca36MicroscopicInterpretation(微觀詮釋)SymbolicRepresentation(符號的表示)Sodiumchloride(氯化鈉)MacroscopicO