状语和状语从句-课件

状语和状语从句AdverbialandAdverbialClause状语和状语从句AdverbialandAdverbial状语的定义和作用状语是修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子等的句子成分。状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随情况等。状语的定义和作用状语是修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子等的句2副词作状语Sheisplayingwiththedoghappily.她正在和那条狗快乐地玩耍。Johndrovetooslowly.约翰开车太慢。方式状语方式状语程度状语副词作状语Sheisplayingwiththed3介词短语作状语HeiswatchingTVinthelivingroomwithhisfriends.Youcankeepthebookforthreedays.地点状语伴随状语时间状语介词短语作状语HeiswatchingTVinth4非谓语动词短语作状语地点状语伴随状语目的状语Shesattheredoingnothing.她坐在那里无所事事。Towinthebasketballgame,youmusthavegoodskills.非谓语动词短语作状语地点状语伴随状语目的状语Shesat5请找出下列句子中的时间状语并说明其形式HewaswatchingTVthen.HewaswatchingTVatthattime.HewaswatchingTVatnineo’clockyesterdayevening.HewaswatchingTVwhenIcamebackhome.HewaswatchingTVwhileshewasreadingabook.副词介词短语介词短语从句从句请找出下列句子中的时间状语并说明其形式Hewaswatc6时间状语从句：表示时间的状语从句时间状语从句原因状语从句地点状语从句目的状语从句结果状语从句条件状语从句方式状语从句比较状语从句让步状语从句时间状语从句：表示时间的状语从句时间状语从句时间地点原因目的结果条件让步方式识别从句和连词，说出状语从句的类型Pleseturnoffthelightsbeforeyouleavetheclassroom.()2.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.()3.Hedoesn’tcomeherebecauseheisill.（）4.I’llspeakslowlysothatyoucanunderstandme.()5.Hewassocleverthathecouldsolvetheproblemsbyhimself.

()6.Ifyoudon’tloseheart,you’llsucceedintheend.()7.Thoughheiseighty,hestillworksinthefield.()8.WecanputonashortplayjustaswedoattheEnglishcorner.()时间地点原因目的结果条件让步方式识别从句和连词，说出状语从句8时间状语从句whenaswhilebeforeafteruntil(till)sinceassoonas时间状语从句when9答案(省略)答案(省略)10注意：（1）when,as,whilewhen即可引导持续性动作，又可引导短暂性动作。它可以表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，或从句的动作发生在主句动作之前。如：注意：11as引导持续性动作，侧重主句和从句的动作同时发生。

Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent.Isawyoursisterasshewasgettingonthebusyesterday.Hesangashewalked.as引导持续性动作，侧重主句和从句的动作同时发12While：指的是“在某一时间里”，“在…期间”，从句里的动作必须是持续性的，它也强调主句和从句动作的同时发生，往往侧重主句和从句动作的对比。While：指的是“在某一时间里”，“在…期间”，从句里的动13如：

WhilehewasinLondon,hestudiedmusic.

WhilewewerewatchingTV,hewaswritingacomposition.如：14while也可做并列连词，表示对照的意思。如：Heistallwhilehisbrotherisshort.

当when,as,while表示“在…一段时间里”，主从句的动作同时发生时，可以换用。如：

While(When或As)wewerediscussing,Mr.Smithcamein.while也可做并列连词，表示对照的意思。如15

（2）如果when和before引导的从句位于主句之后，有时不能译成“当…时候”和“在…之前”，而要译成“就”、“才”、“这时”等。如：ThestrugglelastedfouryearsbeforetheNorthwonintheend.（2）如果when和before引导的从句位于主句16Healmostknockedmedownbeforehesawme.IwaswalkinginthestreetwhenIsawhim.Healmostknockedmedo17(3)bythetime,eachtime,everytime,immediately,themoment,theinstant,theminute,soonafter,shortlyafter都可以作为连词，引导时间状语。如：

Bythetimehewasfourteen,hehadtaughthimselfadvancedmathematics.(3)bythetime,eacht18

Eachtimehecame,hewouldcallonme.Youmustshowhiminimmediatelyhecomes.IrecognizedhimthemomentIsawhim.Eachtimehecame,hew19讲练结合:1.－DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher?

－Yes.Igaveittoher______Isawher.A.while B.themoment C.suddenly D.once2.Ithoughtherniceandhonest______Imether.A.firsttime B.forthefirsttime C.thefirsttime D.bythefirsttime3.______enteredtheofficewhenherealizedthathehadforgottenhisreport.A.Hehardlyhad B.Hadhehardly C.Hardlyhadhe D.HardlyhehadBCC讲练结合:BCC20小结：1．一些词，如themoment,theminute,theinstant,immediately,directly,instantly,hardly…when,scarcely…when,nosooner…than等也可引导一个时间状语从句，相当于assoonas的意思。

Ididn’twaitamoment,butcameimmediatelyyoucalled.2．一些含有time的名词短语，如everytime,eachtime,nexttime,bythetime等，以及theday,theyear,themorning等，也可引导一个时间状语从句。

Thedayhereturnedhome,hisfatherwasalreadydead.Nexttimeyoucome,pleasebringyourcomposition.3.如果hardly或nosooner或scarcely置于句首，句子必须用部分倒装结构。

HardlyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.小结：21(4)till和until①如果主句谓语动词是持续动词，通常用肯定式的主句，表示“直到…为止”。如：

Iworkedtill(until)hecameback.(4)till和until22②如果主句谓语动词是瞬间动词，则用否定式的主句表示“直到…

才”。如：Ididn’tgotobeduntil(till)hecameback.②如果主句谓语动词是瞬间动词，Ididn’23③放在句首表示强调时一般用

until。如：Untilhereturns,nothingcanbedone.③放在句首表示强调时一般用Untilheretu24【小结】时间状语从句常由下列连词引导：when，whenever，as，while，before，after，since，assoonas，until，once。时间状语从句还可由一些名词（themoment,theinstant,everytime等）和副词（instantly,directly等）连接。例如：I’lltelephoneyoutheinstantIknow.我一知道就立即给你打电话。EverytimeIcatchacold,mynoseruns.每次我感冒都流鼻涕。时间状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。例如：Youwillgettoknowwhenyougrowup.你长大后就会了解。【小结】时间状语从句常由下列连词引导：when，whenev251.时间状语从句1.Wewereswimminginthelake______suddenlythestormstarted.A.when B.while C.until D.before2.Hewasabouttotellmethesecret______someonepattedhimontheshoulder.A.as B.until C.while D.when3.Hetransplantedthelittletreetothegarden______itwasthebesttimeforit.A.where B.whenC.that D.until4.－DidJackcomebackearlylastnight?

－Yes.Itwasnotyeteighto’clock____hearrivedhome.A.BeforeB.whenC.that D.until5.Hewasabouthalfwaythroughhismeal______afamiliarvoicecametohisears.A.why B.where C.whenD.whileADBBC1.时间状语从句ADBBC266.ThecostoflivinginGlasgowisamongthelowestinBritain,______thequalityoflifeisprobablyoneofthehighest.A.since B.whenC.as D.while7.______Iacceptthatheisnotperfect,Idoactuallyliketheperson.A.While B.SinceC.BeforeD.Unless连接词while的用法小结

1.while引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。如：

Pleasedon’ttalksoloudwhileothersareworking.2.while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。

3.while可表示尽管，相当于although。DA连接词while的用法小结DA272、原因状语从句：通常由连词：because,as,since,nowthat引导。区别是:because：表示“因为”，直接而明确的原因和理由，语气最强，why提问的句子，一般都用because

回答。Hedidn’tcomebecausehewasill.2、原因状语从句：通常由连词：because,as,si28since：表示“既然”，语气比because弱。Sinceyouarehere,youmustdoit.as：表示“因为”语气比because轻，引导从句可放主句前也可放主句后。Youneedn’tgowithme,asyouarebusy.AsIwasafraid,Ihidmyself.since：表示“既然”，语气比because弱。Since29nowthat意思与since相似，表示“既然”。

NowthatyouareinHighSchool,youwillprobablyspendmoreinreading.

Nowthatalltheguestshavearrived,let’shaveourdinner.nowthat意思与since相似，表示“既然”。30注意：①在强调句中强调原因状语从句，只能用because引导，不可用as或

since，如：Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidn’tgowithus.注意：31②because可以引导表语从句,而

as,since不可以，这时状语一般都是it,this,thatIt’sbecauseheistoolazy.②because可以引导表语从句,而It’sbecau32③for也表示“因为”，但是并列连词，它连接的不是状语从句，语气比较强。Itmustbemorning,forthebirdsaresinging.③for也表示“因为”，但是并列Itmust33原因状语从句becausesinceasfornowthatconsidering(that)seeing(that)既然考虑到／鉴于鉴于／由于／既然／因为原因状语从句because既然考虑到／鉴于鉴于／由于／既然／343、地点状语从句：通常由连词where和wherever引导。如：Gobackwhereyoucamefrom.

Whereveryougo,youmustwritetoyourparents.

Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.

Wherethereistoomuch,thepoisonandwastemaydogreatharmtothethingsaroundus.3、地点状语从句：通常由连词where和wherever引导354、目的状语从句：

通常由sothat,inorderthat,so…that,lest,incase（以防、免得）等引导：Hegotupearlyinorderthathecouldcatchtheearlybus.Shemarriedhimsothatshemighttendandcomforthim.Iexplainedagainandagainincaseheshouldmisunderstandme.4、目的状语从句：通常由sothat,in36目的状语从句引导词sothatinorderthatincase（以防、免得）

forfearthat(生怕，以免）

lest(以免，免得)目的状语从句引导词sothat37Ihidthebooklest(=forfearthat)heshouldseeit.※【特别提醒】由lest，forfearthat引导的目的状语从句要使用虚拟语气，由should＋动词原形构成。Ihidthebooklest(=forfear385、结果状语从句：由sothat,so…that,such…that引导：

Itwasverycold,sothattheriverfroze.Thebookissowrittenthatitgivesaquitewrongideaofthefacts.Thereweresomanypeople(=suchalotofpeople)intheroomthatwecouldnotgetin.

Hemadesuchanexcellentspeechthateveryoneadmiredhim.5、结果状语从句：由sothat,so…that,su396、条件状语从句:

由if,unless,aslongas(=solongas)(只要),incase(that)(如果，万一)等引导：

Ifplasticsandrubberareburned,theygiveoffpoisonousgases.6、条件状语从句:由if,unless,a40Unlessyouworkhard,youwillfail,Youcangoout,aslongas(solongas)youpromisetobebackbeforeeleven.Unlessyouworkhard,y41IncaseIforget,pleaseremindmeaboutthat.

注意：条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态不可用将来时，只能用现在时态或过去时态表示将来时。IncaseIforget,please427、方式状语从句：由连词：as,asif,asthough引导：

Theteachertoldthestudentstodoashedid.Leaveitasitis.Heheardanoise,asifsomeonewasbreathing.Isawthemanlookingabouthimasifhewishedtoimpressuponhismindeverything.7、方式状语从句：由连词：as,asif,astho43asif和asthough意义和用法大致一样，引导的从句多用虚拟语气，但也可用陈述语气。HetreatsmeasifIwerehisownson.Hewalkedasifheweredrunk.

asif和asthough意义和用法大致一样，448、比较状语从句：

由连词as…as,notso(as)…as,than等引导：Ihopeitwasasgoodastheoneyoulentme.Actuallytheoceanfloorarealmostasirregularastheexposedlandarea.8、比较状语从句：由连词as…as,not45Noonecanbemorefitforhisofficethanheis.Hecan’trunsofastasshe.Noonecanbemorefitf46注意：“the+比较级(接从句)，the+比较级(接主句)，这一句型也归在比较状语从句内。如：

Themoreyoustudy,themoreyouknow.

Theharderwework,thehappierwefeel.注意：“the+比较级(接从句)，the+比较Th479、让步状语从句：

由though,although,as(虽然尽管),evenif,eventhough,wh-ever,nomatter-wh,whether引导.9、让步状语从句：由though,alth48whateverwhoeverwhicheverwheneverwhereverhoweverwh-everwhateverwh-ever49nomatterwhonomatterwhatnomatterwhichnomatterwhennomatterwherenomatterhownomatterwh-nomatterwhonomatterwh-50

Thoughheisold,yetheisactive.

Althoughmostofthepeopleagreed,somewerenotwillingtoaccepted.

Proudasthenoblesare,heisafraidtoseeme.Wewouldn’tloseheartevenifweshouldfailtentimes.Thoughheisold,yethe51Whenever(=nomatterwhen)youcallonme,youarealwayswelcome.Wherever(nomatterwhere)youwork,youcanalwaysfindtimetostudy.Taketheoneyoulikebest,whichever(nomatterwhich)itis.Whenever(=nomatterwhe52NomatterwhatIsayorhowIsayit,healwaysthinksI’mwrong.Whetherhecomesornot,we’lldiscusstheproblemthisafternoon.NomatterwhatIsayor53注意：（1）让步状语从句在句中的位置可放前也可放后，有时还可以插在主句中间，前置时，强调主句内容，后置时强调从句内容。注意：54

（2）though与although同义，用法基本一样，前者通俗，口语化；后者较正式，多放于句首，不能与but连用，但可以与yet,still（副词）等连用，用来加强语气。Though(Although)hewastired,yet(still)hewentonworking.（2）though与although同义，用法基本55（3）as引导让步状语从句时从句部分语序要部分倒装。如：Youngasheis,hecanreadandwriteinseveralforeignlanguage.（表语提前）（3）as引导让步状语从句时从句部分Youn56

Childashewas,hehadtosupportthefamily.（表语名词提前并常省去冠词）

Surroundedaswewerebytheenemy,wemanagedtomarchforward.（表语名词提前并常省去冠词）Childashewas,hehad57对比训练与巩固对比训练与巩固1.Wewereabouttoleave____itbegantorain.2.ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherson,____,infact,Iwastalkingaboutmyson.3.HardlyhadIfinishedmycomposition____thebellrang.A.whenB.whileC.asD.during对比训练１ABA1.Wewereabouttoleave____591.Child____sheis,sheknowsalot.2.Hedidtheexperiment____hewastold.3.Thepianosintheothershopwillbecheaper,butnot____good.

A.duringB.asC.soD.thoughE.bothBandC

对比训练２EBB1.Child____sheis,sheknow601.Hewouldhavealookatthebookstores____hewenttotown.2.Wedecidetofinishtheworkontime,____happens.3.Ifweworkwithastrongwill,weovercomeanydifficulty,____greatitis.4.I’llgivethebookto____likesEnglish.A.wheneverB.whoeverC.whateverD.however对比训练３ACDB1.Hewouldhavealookatthe61对比训练４1.Itwillbeyears____wemeetagain.2.Itistenyears____Icametothistown.3.Itistenyearsago____Icametothistown4.Itis1986____hisfirstnovelcameout.A.whenB.thatC.beforeD.sinceCDBA对比训练４1.Itwillbeyears____62对比训练5Goandgetyourcoat.Itis____youleftit.2.Youarefreetogo____youlike.A.thereB.whereC.whereverD.when

BC对比训练5Goandgetyourcoat.I631.ThearticleiswritteninsucheasyEnglish____allofuscanreadit.2.ThearticleiswritteninsucheasyEnglish____allofuscanread.A.thatB.whichC.asD.sothat对比训练6CA1.Thearticleiswrittenins64对比训练71.Ifweworkhard,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,nomatter____greatitis.2.Ifweworkhard,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,____greatitis.3.Ifweworkhard,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,____difficultyitis.4.Ifweworkhard,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,nomatter____difficultyitis.A.whatB.howC.howeverD.whateverBCDA对比训练71.Ifweworkhard,we65状语的形式和位置在所有的语法范畴中，状语的形式最多样，它可以是单词、词组或从句；可以是副词（短语）、介词短语、分词（短语）、动词不定式（短语）、状语从句等。与其他语法范畴相比，状语的位置也最灵活，它可以出现在句首、句中或句末。例如：Immediatelyhereplied.（句首）Heimmediatelyreplied.（句中）Herepliedimmediately.（句尾）

状语的形式和位置在所有的语法范畴中，状语的形式最多样，它可以66THANKYOU！THANKYOU！67状语和状语从句AdverbialandAdverbialClause状语和状语从句AdverbialandAdverbial状语的定义和作用状语是修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子等的句子成分。状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随情况等。状语的定义和作用状语是修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子等的句69副词作状语Sheisplayingwiththedoghappily.她正在和那条狗快乐地玩耍。Johndrovetooslowly.约翰开车太慢。方式状语方式状语程度状语副词作状语Sheisplayingwiththed70介词短语作状语HeiswatchingTVinthelivingroomwithhisfriends.Youcankeepthebookforthreedays.地点状语伴随状语时间状语介词短语作状语HeiswatchingTVinth71非谓语动词短语作状语地点状语伴随状语目的状语Shesattheredoingnothing.她坐在那里无所事事。Towinthebasketballgame,youmusthavegoodskills.非谓语动词短语作状语地点状语伴随状语目的状语Shesat72请找出下列句子中的时间状语并说明其形式HewaswatchingTVthen.HewaswatchingTVatthattime.HewaswatchingTVatnineo’clockyesterdayevening.HewaswatchingTVwhenIcamebackhome.HewaswatchingTVwhileshewasreadingabook.副词介词短语介词短语从句从句请找出下列句子中的时间状语并说明其形式Hewaswatc73时间状语从句：表示时间的状语从句时间状语从句原因状语从句地点状语从句目的状语从句结果状语从句条件状语从句方式状语从句比较状语从句让步状语从句时间状语从句：表示时间的状语从句时间状语从句时间地点原因目的结果条件让步方式识别从句和连词，说出状语从句的类型Pleseturnoffthelightsbeforeyouleavetheclassroom.()2.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.()3.Hedoesn’tcomeherebecauseheisill.（）4.I’llspeakslowlysothatyoucanunderstandme.()5.Hewassocleverthathecouldsolvetheproblemsbyhimself.

()6.Ifyoudon’tloseheart,you’llsucceedintheend.()7.Thoughheiseighty,hestillworksinthefield.()8.WecanputonashortplayjustaswedoattheEnglishcorner.()时间地点原因目的结果条件让步方式识别从句和连词，说出状语从句75时间状语从句whenaswhilebeforeafteruntil(till)sinceassoonas时间状语从句when76答案(省略)答案(省略)77注意：（1）when,as,whilewhen即可引导持续性动作，又可引导短暂性动作。它可以表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，或从句的动作发生在主句动作之前。如：注意：78as引导持续性动作，侧重主句和从句的动作同时发生。

Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent.Isawyoursisterasshewasgettingonthebusyesterday.Hesangashewalked.as引导持续性动作，侧重主句和从句的动作同时发79While：指的是“在某一时间里”，“在…期间”，从句里的动作必须是持续性的，它也强调主句和从句动作的同时发生，往往侧重主句和从句动作的对比。While：指的是“在某一时间里”，“在…期间”，从句里的动80如：

WhilehewasinLondon,hestudiedmusic.

WhilewewerewatchingTV,hewaswritingacomposition.如：81while也可做并列连词，表示对照的意思。如：Heistallwhilehisbrotherisshort.

当when,as,while表示“在…一段时间里”，主从句的动作同时发生时，可以换用。如：

While(When或As)wewerediscussing,Mr.Smithcamein.while也可做并列连词，表示对照的意思。如82

（2）如果when和before引导的从句位于主句之后，有时不能译成“当…时候”和“在…之前”，而要译成“就”、“才”、“这时”等。如：ThestrugglelastedfouryearsbeforetheNorthwonintheend.（2）如果when和before引导的从句位于主句83Healmostknockedmedownbeforehesawme.IwaswalkinginthestreetwhenIsawhim.Healmostknockedmedo84(3)bythetime,eachtime,everytime,immediately,themoment,theinstant,theminute,soonafter,shortlyafter都可以作为连词，引导时间状语。如：

Bythetimehewasfourteen,hehadtaughthimselfadvancedmathematics.(3)bythetime,eacht85

Eachtimehecame,hewouldcallonme.Youmustshowhiminimmediatelyhecomes.IrecognizedhimthemomentIsawhim.Eachtimehecame,hew86讲练结合:1.－DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher?

－Yes.Igaveittoher______Isawher.A.while B.themoment C.suddenly D.once2.Ithoughtherniceandhonest______Imether.A.firsttime B.forthefirsttime C.thefirsttime D.bythefirsttime3.______enteredtheofficewhenherealizedthathehadforgottenhisreport.A.Hehardlyhad B.Hadhehardly C.Hardlyhadhe D.HardlyhehadBCC讲练结合:BCC87小结：1．一些词，如themoment,theminute,theinstant,immediately,directly,instantly,hardly…when,scarcely…when,nosooner…than等也可引导一个时间状语从句，相当于assoonas的意思。

Ididn’twaitamoment,butcameimmediatelyyoucalled.2．一些含有time的名词短语，如everytime,eachtime,nexttime,bythetime等，以及theday,theyear,themorning等，也可引导一个时间状语从句。

Thedayhereturnedhome,hisfatherwasalreadydead.Nexttimeyoucome,pleasebringyourcomposition.3.如果hardly或nosooner或scarcely置于句首，句子必须用部分倒装结构。

HardlyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.小结：88(4)till和until①如果主句谓语动词是持续动词，通常用肯定式的主句，表示“直到…为止”。如：

Iworkedtill(until)hecameback.(4)till和until89②如果主句谓语动词是瞬间动词，则用否定式的主句表示“直到…

才”。如：Ididn’tgotobeduntil(till)hecameback.②如果主句谓语动词是瞬间动词，Ididn’90③放在句首表示强调时一般用

until。如：Untilhereturns,nothingcanbedone.③放在句首表示强调时一般用Untilheretu91【小结】时间状语从句常由下列连词引导：when，whenever，as，while，before，after，since，assoonas，until，once。时间状语从句还可由一些名词（themoment,theinstant,everytime等）和副词（instantly,directly等）连接。例如：I’lltelephoneyoutheinstantIknow.我一知道就立即给你打电话。EverytimeIcatchacold,mynoseruns.每次我感冒都流鼻涕。时间状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。例如：Youwillgettoknowwhenyougrowup.你长大后就会了解。【小结】时间状语从句常由下列连词引导：when，whenev921.时间状语从句1.Wewereswimminginthelake______suddenlythestormstarted.A.when B.while C.until D.before2.Hewasabouttotellmethesecret______someonepattedhimontheshoulder.A.as B.until C.while D.when3.Hetransplantedthelittletreetothegarden______itwasthebesttimeforit.A.where B.whenC.that D.until4.－DidJackcomebackearlylastnight?

－Yes.Itwasnotyeteighto’clock____hearrivedhome.A.BeforeB.whenC.that D.until5.Hewasabouthalfwaythroughhismeal______afamiliarvoicecametohisears.A.why B.where C.whenD.whileADBBC1.时间状语从句ADBBC936.ThecostoflivinginGlasgowisamongthelowestinBritain,______thequalityoflifeisprobablyoneofthehighest.A.since B.whenC.as D.while7.______Iacceptthatheisnotperfect,Idoactuallyliketheperson.A.While B.SinceC.BeforeD.Unless连接词while的用法小结

1.while引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。如：

Pleasedon’ttalksoloudwhileothersareworking.2.while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。

3.while可表示尽管，相当于although。DA连接词while的用法小结DA942、原因状语从句：通常由连词：because,as,since,nowthat引导。区别是:because：表示“因为”，直接而明确的原因和理由，语气最强，why提问的句子，一般都用because

回答。Hedidn’tcomebecausehewasill.2、原因状语从句：通常由连词：because,as,si95since：表示“既然”，语气比because弱。Sinceyouarehere,youmustdoit.as：表示“因为”语气比because轻，引导从句可放主句前也可放主句后。Youneedn’tgowithme,asyouarebusy.AsIwasafraid,Ihidmyself.since：表示“既然”，语气比because弱。Since96nowthat意思与since相似，表示“既然”。

NowthatyouareinHighSchool,youwillprobablyspendmoreinreading.

Nowthatalltheguestshavearrived,let’shaveourdinner.nowthat意思与since相似，表示“既然”。97注意：①在强调句中强调原因状语从句，只能用because引导，不可用as或

since，如：Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidn’tgowithus.注意：98②because可以引导表语从句,而

as,since不可以，这时状语一般都是it,this,thatIt’sbecauseheistoolazy.②because可以引导表语从句,而It’sbecau99③for也表示“因为”，但是并列连词，它连接的不是状语从句，语气比较强。Itmustbemorning,forthebirdsaresinging.③for也表示“因为”，但是并列Itmust100原因状语从句becausesinceasfornowthatconsidering(that)seeing(that)既然考虑到／鉴于鉴于／由于／既然／因为原因状语从句because既然考虑到／鉴于鉴于／由于／既然／1013、地点状语从句：通常由连词where和wherever引导。如：Gobackwhereyoucamefrom.

Whereveryougo,youmustwritetoyourparents.

Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.

Wherethereistoomuch,thepoisonandwastemaydogreatharmtothethingsaroundus.3、地点状语从句：通常由连词where和wherever引导1024、目的状语从句：

通常由sothat,inorderthat,so…that,lest,incase（以防、免得）等引导：Hegotupearlyinorderthathecouldcatchtheearlybus.Shemarriedhimsothatshemighttendandcomforthim.Iexplainedagainandagainincaseheshouldmisunderstandme.4、目的状语从句：通常由sothat,in103目的状语从句引导词sothatinorderthatincase（以防、免得）

forfearthat(生怕，以免）

lest(以免，免得)目的状语从句引导词sothat104Ihidthebooklest(=forfearthat)heshouldseeit.※【特别提醒】由lest，forfearthat引导的目的状语从句要使用虚拟语气，由should＋动词原形构成。Ihidthebooklest(=forfear1055、结果状语从句：由sothat,so…that,such…that引导：

Itwasverycold,sothattheriverfroze.Thebookissowrittenthatitgivesaquitewrongideaofthefacts.Thereweresomanypeople(=suchalotofpeople)intheroomthatwecouldnotgetin.

Hemadesuchanexcellentspeechthateveryoneadmiredhim.5、结果状语从句：由sothat,so…that,su1066、条件状语从句:

由if,unless,aslongas(=solongas)(只要),incase(that)(如果，万一)等引导：

Ifplasticsandrubberareburned,theygiveoffpoisonousgases.6、条件状语从句:由if,unless,a107Unlessyouworkhard,youwillfail,Youcangoout,aslongas(solongas)youpromisetobebackbeforeeleven.Unlessyouworkhard,y108IncaseIforget,pleaseremindmeaboutthat.

注意：条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态不可用将来时，只能用现在时态或过去时态表示将来时。IncaseIforget,please1097、方式状语从句：由连词：as,asif,asthough引导：

Theteachertoldthestudentstodoashedid.Leaveitasitis.Heheardanoise,asifsomeonewasbreathing.Isawthemanlookingabouthimasifhewishedtoimpressuponhismindeverything.7、方式状语从句：由连词：as,asif,astho110asif和asthough意义和用法大致一样，引导的从句多用虚拟语气，但也可用陈述语气。HetreatsmeasifIwerehisownson.Hewalkedasifheweredrunk.

asif和asthough意义和用法大致一样，1118、比较状语从句：

由连词as…as,notso(as)…as,than等引导：Ihopeitwasasgoodastheoneyoulentme.Actuallytheoceanfloorarealmostasirregularastheexposedlandarea.8、比较状语从句：由连词as…as,not112Noonecanbemorefitforhisofficethanheis.Hecan’trunsofastasshe.Noonecanbemorefitf113注意：“the+比较级(接从句)，the+比较级(接主句)，这一句型也归在比较状语从句内。如：

Themoreyoustudy,themoreyouknow.

Theharderwework,thehappierwefeel.注意：“the+比较级(接从句)，the+比较Th1149、让步状语从句：

由though,although,as(虽然尽管),evenif,eventhough,wh-ever,nomatter-wh,whether引导.9、让步状语从句：由though,alth115whateverwhoeverwhicheverwheneverwhereverhoweverwh-everwhateverwh-ever116nomatterwhonomatterwhatnomatterwhichnomatterwhennomatterwherenomatterhownomatterwh-nomatterwhonomatterwh-117

Thoughheisold,yetheisactive.

Althoughmostofthepeopleagreed,somewerenotwillingtoaccepted.

Proudasthenoblesare,heisafraidtoseeme.Wewouldn’tloseheartevenifweshouldfailtentimes.Thoughheisold,yethe118Whenever(=nomatterwhen)youcallonme,youarealwayswelcome.Wherever(nomatterwhere)youwork,youcanalwaysfindtimetostudy.Taketheoneyoulikebest,whichever(nomatterwhich)itis.Whenever(=nomatterwhe119NomatterwhatIsayorhowIsayit,healwaysthinksI’mwrong.Whetherhecomesornot,we’lldiscusstheproblemthisafternoon.NomatterwhatIsayor120注意：（1）让步状语从句在句中的位置可放前也可放后，有时还可以插在主句中间，前置时，强调主句内容，后置时强调从句内容。注意：121

（2）t