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被动语态一、语态概述英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。如:ManypeoplespeakEnglish.谓语:speak的动作是由主语manypeople来执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。所谓“被动语态”,相当于中文中常说的“被……”、“由……”的句式,如:“他的自行车被偷了。”,再如:Englishisspokenbymanypeople.主语English是动词speak的承受者。判断:看下面的两个例句,你来判断哪个是主动哪个是被动?Heopenedthedoor.他开了门。(____________)Thedoorwasopened.门被开了。(____________)二、被动语态的构成:be动词+Vp.p被动特点强调宾,用be加上过去分。行为对象作主语,逻辑主语by来引。1.Englishis___________(speak)inCanada.2.Theblouseis___________(make)ofsilk.3.Englishis___________(speak)bymanypeople.谁做的动作不知道,说出谁做的没必要。动作承受者需强调,用被动语态莫忘了。1.Somestampswere___________(steal)lastweek.2.ThePRCwas___________(found)onOctober1,1949.3.Footballis___________(play)inmostmiddleschools.被动语态须留意,P.P前面助动be.be+P.Pam(is,are)现在时,am(is,are)+P.Pwas和were表过去。was(were)+P.P完成have(has)been。have(has)been+P.P将来,情态,be原形。will(can,may,must)be+P.P进行时态两个be,前表时态后加ing。am(is,are)+being+P.P被动语态由“助动词be+与物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。凡是汉语中带“被”的句子,都能转换成英语的被动语态。三.几种常用时态的被动语态——1.一般现在时:am/is/are+过去分词肯定句:Bikesare___________(sell)inthatshop.否定句:Bikesarenotsoldinthatshop.疑问句:Arebikessoldinthatshop?Yes,theyare./No,theyaren't.2.一般过去时:was/were+过去分词肯定句:Hewas___________(save)in1999.否定句:Hewasnotsavedin1999.疑问句:Washesavedin1999?Yes,hewas./No,hewasn't.3.一般将来时:shall/will/begoingto+be+过去分词肯定句:AnEnglishclasswillbe___________(give)byJacktomorrow.否定句:AnEnglishclasswillnotbegivenbyJacktomorrow.疑问句:WillanEnglishclassbegivenbyJacktomorrow?4.现在进行时:am/is/are+being+过去分词肯定句:Acarisbeing___________(drive)now.否定句:Acarisnotbeingdrivennow.疑问句:Isacarbeingdrivennow?Yes,itis./No,itisn't.5.现在完成时:have/has+been+过去分词肯定句:Aroadhasbeen___________(build)bythegovernment.否定句:Aroadhasn'tbeenbuiltbythegovernment.疑问句:Hasaroadbeenbuiltbythegovernment?Yes,ithas./No,ithasn't.6.情态动词:情态动词+be+P.P1)Thisclockcanbe___________(repair)here.2)Thetreesmaybe___________(plant)atothertimesoftheyear.3)Thecompositionmustbe___________(hand)inafterclass.4)Theyoungtreesshouldbe___________(plant)inspring.四、被动语态的用法(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如:Somenewcomputerswere___________(steal)lastnight.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)Thisbookwas___________(publish)in1981.这本书出版于1981年。(2)强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。例如:Thewindowwas___________(break)byMike.窗户是迈克打破的。Thisbookwas___________(write)byhim.这本书是他写的。Eighthoursperdayforsleepmustbeguaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。五、主动语态变被动语态的方法(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词)(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以与原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。例如:1.Allthepeople___________(laugh)athim.→Hewas___________(laugh)atbyallpeople.2.They___________(make)thebikesinthefactory.→Thebikesare___________(make)bytheminthefactory.六、补充一些宾补动词如make,see,hear等在主动语态中可以接动词原形(实为省略to的动词不定式)作为宾语补足语的动词在变被动语态是一定要注意恢复to。如:Hemademestandoutside.→Iwasmadetostandoutside(byhim).Isawhimplayfootball.→Hewasseentoplayfootball(byhim).专项练习一、选择题(
)1._____anewlibrary_____inourschoollastyear?A.Is;built
B.Was;built
C.Does;build
D.Did;build(
)2.Anaccident____onthisroadlastweek.A.hasbeenhappened
B.washappened
C.ishappened
D.happened(
)3.Cotton(棉花)____inthesoutheastofChina.A.isgrown
B.aregrown
C.grows
D.grow(
)4.AtalkonChinesehistory_____intheschoolhallnextweek.
A.isgiven
B.hasbeengiven
C.willbegiven
D.gives
(
)5.Howmanytrees____thisyear?
A.areplanted
B.willplant
C.havebeenplanted
D.planted
(
)6.Alotofthings____bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.
A.aredoing
B.arebeingdone
C.hasbeendone
D.willbedone
(
)7.TheGreatWall____allovertheworld.
A.knows
B.knew
C.isknown
D.wasknown()8.Thechildren____bythenurse.
A.werelooked
B.lookedafterC.werelookedafterD.looked()9.He___somepiecesofadvice,buthe____tothem.
A.gave,didn'tlisten
B.wasgiven,wasn'tlistened
C.give,wasn'tlistenedD.wasgiven,didn'tlisten()10.Thequestion____byussoon.
A.isgoingtodiscuss
B.willdiscuss
C.isgoingtobediscussedD.hasbeendiscussed()11.Thelab____aboutfiveyearsago.
A.wasbuiltB.wasbuiltC.buildsD.hasbeenbuilt()12.Alotoftallbuildings_____inhishometowninthelastthreeyears.
A.havesetupB.havebeensetupC.weresetupD.setup()13.They____printing500copiesbytheendoflastmonth.
A.hadfinishedB.havefinishedC.hadbeenfinishedD.havebeenfinished()14.Rice___also_____intheirhometown.
A.is…grownB.is…grewC.was…grewD.was…grown()15.He____bytheteachers.
A.isalwayspraisedB.praises
C.havebeenpraisedD.alwaysispraised()16.Thepicture______
inOctober,1996.
A.wastakingB.hadbeentakenC.wastakenD.hadtaken()17.Wecan'tusethebridgenow,becauseit______.
A.hasbeenrepairedB.isrepairingC.isrepairedD.isbeingrepaired()18.I______thewaytotherailwaystationbyapoliceman.
A.wasshownB.showedC.haveshownD.wasshowing()19.Thewar______in1941.
A.brokeout
B.hadbeenbrokenout
C.wasbrokenoutD.hadbrokenout()20.Whenwater______,itwillbechangedintovapour.
A.isheatedB.heatingC.hasheatedD.heats()21.Wecan'tentertheroombecauseitsdoor______.
A.lockedB.locksC.islockedD.islocking()22.They______dayandnight.
A.aremadework
B.aremadetoworkmadetobeworkedD.aremakingtowork()23.Man-madesatellites______intospacebymanycountries.A.wassentup
B.issentup
C.havebeensentupD.hasbeensentup()24.ThisEnglishsong_____often_____bythechildren.A.is,singingB.is,sungC.will,singD.was,sung
()25.Thewindowsofourhouse_____onceaweek.A.mustcleanB.havecleanedC.iscleanedD.arecleaned
()26.When______thePeople'sRepublicofChina_____?
A.was,foundB.was,foundedC.did,foundD.does,found
()27.Mary'sradio______bymybrotherjustnow.
A.willbemendedB.hasmendedC.wasmendedD.mended
()28.Sometreesmay______atothertimesoftheyear.
A.beplantedB.plantC.areplantedD.willbeplanted
()29.AnewEnglishplay_____therenextweek.
A.willputonB.willbeputonC.isgoingtoputonD.willbeputtedon
()30.Astrangething_____inourschoolyesterday.
A.washappenedB.hasbeenhappenedC.happenedD.wasgoingtohappen
()31.Theglass______.It_____bylittleTomthismorning.
A.broke,isbroken
B.isbroken,wasbroken
C.wasbroken,brokeD.hasbeenbroken,broken
二、用括号所给动词的正确形式填空。(请注意时态和语态两个方面噢)1.It'ssaid(据说)thatthelongbridge______________(build)intwomonths.2.Wheretohavethemeeting______________(discuss)now.3.Whichlanguage_______themostwidely_______(speak)intheworld?4.Thelostboy_____________(notfind)sofar.5.Lastyearalargenumberoftrees______________(cut)down.6.Vegetables,eggsandfruits_________(sell)inthisshop.
7What_______knives
______(make)of?
8.They_______________(make)ofmetal(金属)andwood.
9.Canthemagazine________(take)outofthelibrary?
10.Theroom_____________(clean)bymeeveryday.
11.Thestarscan’t_____________(see)inthedaytime.
12.Howlong_____youruncle______(be)inthecity?
13.Thefood_____________(smell)delicious.14.Look!Someone__________(dance).三、按要求改写下列句子,一空一词。1.TeagrowsinSouthChina.(改为被动语态)___________________________________________.ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong.(改为被动语态)
AnEnglishsong______
______
_______bythechildren.
3.Youneedn'tdoitnow.(改为被动语态)
It______
________
________byyounow.
4.Peopleusemetalformakingmachines.(改为被动语态)
Metal________
_________
_______makingmachines.
5.Hemademedothatforhim.(改为被动语态)
I______
________
________
______thatforhim.
6.Theyhavesoldoutthelightgreendresses.(改为被动语态)
Thelightgreendresses________
_________
___________out.
7.Wecallthegame“Lianliankan”.(改为被动语态)Thegame_______
________“Lianliankan”byus.四.把下列句子改为被动语态1.Parentstakecareoftheirkids._____________________________________________________________________2.
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