库-阅读1雅思真题第12篇14502航海家富兰克林

第1篇14301远古计算 第2 14302天才儿 第3篇14303音乐软 第4 14304黑 第5篇14305猎 第6 14306笑的研 第7篇 第8篇14308雇佣老年 第9篇14101无声…………第10篇14500碳素球的官 第11篇14501彗星撞击木 第12篇14502航海家富兰克 第13篇14601语言消 第14篇14602火星探 第15篇14603持久环保设 雅思阅读VersionSECTIONComputerProvidesMoreQuestionsThanAnswersTheislandofAntikytheralies18 northofCrete,wheretheAegeanSeameetstheMediterranean.Currentstherecanmakeshiptreacherous—andoneshipboundforancientRomenevermadeit.Theshipthatsanktherewasagiantcargovesselmeasuringnearly500feetlong.Itcametorestabout200feetbelowthesurface,whereitstayedformorethan2,000yearsuntildiverslookingforspongesdiscoveredthewreckalittlemorethanacenturyago.Insidethehullwereanumberofbronzeandmarblestatues.Fromthelookofthings,theshipseemedtobecarryingluxuryitems,probablymadeinvariousGreekislandsandboundforwealthypatronsinthegrowingRomanEmpire.Thestatueswereretrieved,alongwithalotofotherunimportantstuff,andstored.Ninemonthslater,anenterprisingarchaeologistclearedoffalayeroforganicmaterialfromoneofthepiecesofjunkandfoundthatitlookedlikeagearwheel.IthadinscriptionsinGreekcharactersandseemedtohavesomethingtodowithThatpieceof"junk"wentonto ethemostcelebratedfindfromtheshipwreck;itisdisplayedattheNationalArchaeologicalMuseumofAthens.Researchhasshownthatthewheelwaspartofadevicesosophisticatedthatitscomplexitywouldnotbematchedforathousandyears—itwasalsotheworld’sfirstknownogcomputer.ThedeviceissofamousthataninternationalconferenceorganizedinAthensacoupleofweeksagohadonlyonesubject:theAntikytheraEverydiscoveryaboutthedevicehasraisednewquestions.Whobuiltthedevice,andforwhatpurpose?Whydidthetechnologybehinditdisappearforthenextthousandyears?WhatdoesthedevicelusaboutancientGreekculture?Anddoesthemarvelousconstruction,andthepreciseknowledgeofthemovementofthesunandmoonandEarththatitimplies,lushowtheancientsgrappledwithideasaboutdeterminismandhuman"Wehavegeartrainsfromthe9thcenturyinBaghdadusedforsimplerdisplaysofthesolarandlunarmotionsrelativetooneanother—theyuseeightgears,"saidFrancoisCharette,ahistorianofscienceinGermanywhowroteaneditorial panyinganewstudyofthemechanismtwoweeksagointhejournalNature."Inthiscase,wehavemorethan30gears.Toseeitonacomputeranimationmakesitmind-boggling.Thereisnodoubtitwasatechnologicalmasterpiece."Thedevicewasprobablybuiltbetween100and140BC,andtheunderstandingofastronomyitdisplaysseemstohavebeenbasedonknowledgedevelopedbytheBabyloniansaround300-700BC,saidMikeEdmunds,aprofessorofastrophysicsatCardiffUniversityinBritain.Heledaresearchteamthatreconstructedwhatthegearmechanismwouldhavelookedlikebyusingadvancedthree-dimensional-imagingtechnology.Thegroupalsodecodedanumberoftheinscriptions.Themechanismexplorestherelationshipbetweenlunarmonths—thetimeittakesforthemoontocyclethroughitsphases,say,fullmoontofullmoon—andcalendaryears.Thegearshadtobecutpreciselytoreflectthiscomplexrelationship;19calendaryearsequal235lunarmonths.Byturningthegearmechanism,whichincludedwhatEdmundscalledabeautifulsystemofepicyclicgearsthatfactoredintheellipticalorbitofthemoon,a couldcheckwhattheskywouldhavelookedlikeonadateinthepast,orhowitwouldappearinthefuture.Themechanismwasencasedinaboxwithdoorsinfrontandbackcoveredwithinscriptions—asortofinstructionmanual.Insidethefrontdoorwerepointersindicatingthedateandthepositionofthesun,moonandzodiac,whileopeningthebackdoorrevealedtherelationshipbetweencalendaryearsandlunarmonths,andamechanismtopredicteclipses."Iftheyneededtoknowwheneclipseswouldoccur,andthisrelatedtotherisingandsettingofstarsandrelatedthemtodatesandreligiousexperiences,themechanismwoulddirectlyhelp,"saidYanisBitsakis,aphysicistattheUniversityofAthenswhoco-wrotetheNaturepaper."Itisamechanicalcomputer.Youturnthehandleandyouhaveadateonthefront."Buildingitwouldhavebeenexpensiveandrequiredtheinteractionofastronomers,engineers,inlectualsandcraftspeople.CharettesaidthedeviceoverturnedconventionalideasthattheancientGreekswereprimarilyivorytowerthinkerswhodidnotdeigntomuddytheirhandswithtechnicalstuff.Itisareminder,hesaid,thatwhilethestudyofhistoryoftenfocusesonwrittentexts,theycanlusonlyafractionofwhatwentonataparticulartime.Imagineafuturehistorianencounteringphilosophytextswritteninourtime—andanaircraftengine.Thebookswouldlthatresearcherwhatafewscholarswerethinkingtoday,buttheenginewouldgivethemafarbetterwindowintohowtechnologyinfluencedoureverydaylives.Charettesaiditwasunlikelythatthedevicewasusedbypractitionersofastrology,thenstillinitsinfancy.Morelikely,hesaid,itwasboundforamanpieceinsomerichRoman’shome.Giventhatastronomersofthetimealreadyknewhowtocalculatethepositionsofthesunandthemoonandtopredicteclipseswithoutthedevice,itwouldhavebeentheequivalentofadevicebuiltforaplanetariumtoday—somethingtospurpopularinterest,oratleastclaimbraggingrights.Whywasthetechnologythatwentintothedevicelost?"Thetimethiswasbuilt,thejackbootofRomewascomingthrough,"Edmundssaid."TheRomansweregoodattownplanningandsanitationbutwerenotknownfortheirinterestinscience."Thefactthatthedevicewassocomplex,andthatitwasbeingshippedwithatyofotherluxuryitems,lsEdmundsthatitisveryunlikelytohavebeentheonlyoneevermade.Itssophistication"issuchthatitcan’thavebeentheonlyone,"Edmundssaid."Theremusthavebeenatraditionofmakingthem.We’realwayshopefulabetteronewillsurface."Indeed,hesaid,hehopesthathisstudyandtherenewedinterestintheAntikytheraMechanismwillpromptsecondlooksbybothamateursandprofessionalsaroundtheworld."Thearchaeologicalworldmaylookintheircupboardsandmaybesay,‘Thatisn’tabitofrustyoldmetalinthecupboard.’"Questions14-ThereadingPassagehastenparagraphsA-WhichparagraphcontainsthefollowingWritethecorrectletterA-J,inboxes14-18onyouranswerContentinsidethewreckAncientastronomersandcraftsmanmightThelocationofAntikytheraDetailsofhowitwasAppearanceandstructureoftheQuestions19-CompletethefollowingsummaryoftheparagraphsofReadingPassage,usingnomorethanthewordsfromtheReadingPassageforeachanswer.Writeyouranswersinboxes19-22onyouranswersheet.Anancienthugesunk19wasfoundaccidentallybyspongessearcher.Theshiploadedwith20suchasbronezandsculptures.However,anarchaeologistfoundajunksimilartoa21whichhasGreekscriptonit.Thisinspiringandelaborateddevicewasfoundtobethefirst22intheworld.Questions23-Usetheinformationinthepassagetomatchthepeople(listedA-C)withopinionsordeedsbelow.WritetheappropriatelettersA-Finboxes23-27onyouranswersheet.NByoumayuseanylettermorethanonceMikeFrancoisMorecomplicatedthanpreviousAnticipatetofindmoreAntikytheraMechanismintheAntikytheraMechanismwasfoundrelatedtoMechanismassistedancientpeopletocalculatemovementof雅思阅读VersionSECTIONBrightBYthetimeLaszloPolgar’sfirstbabywasbornin1969healreadyhadfirmviewsonchild-rearing.AneccentriccitizenofcommunistHungary,hehadwrittenabookcalled"BringupGenius!"andoneofhisfavouritesayingswas"Geniusesaremade,notborn".Anexpertonthetheoryofchess,heproceededtoteachlittleZsuzsaathome,spendinguptotenhoursadayonthegame.Twomoredaughtersweresimilarlyhot-housed.Allthreeobligedtheirfatherby ingworld-classplayers.Theyoungest,Judit,iscurrentlyranked13thintheworld,andisbyfarthebestfemalechessplayerofalltime.Wouldtheexperimenthavesucceededwithadifferenttrioofchildren?Ifanychildcanbeturnedintoastar,thenalotoftimeandmoneyarebeingwastedworldwideontryingtopickwinners.Americahaslongheld"talentsearches",usingtestresultsandteacher mendationstoselectchildrenforadvancedschoolcourses,summerschoolsandotherextratuition.Thisprovisionissettogrow.Inhisstate-of-the-unionaddressin2006, GeorgeBushannouncedthe"AmericanCompetitivenessInitiative",which,amongmuchelse,wouldtrain70,000high-schoolteacherstoleadadvancedcoursesforselectedpupilsinmathematicsandscience.Justasthesuperpowers’spaceracemadeCongressputmoneyintoscienceeducation,thethoughtofChinaand turningouthundredsofthousandsofengineersandscientistsisscaringAmericaintoproddingitsbrightesttodotheirbest.Thephilosophybehindthistalentsearchisthatabilityisinnate;thatitcanbediagnosedwithconsiderableaccuracy;andthatitisworthcultivating.InAmerica,brightchildrenarerankedas"moderay","highly","exceptionally"and"profoundly"gifted.Theonlychancetoinfluenceinnateabilityisthoughttobeinthewomborthefirstcoupleofyearsoflife.Hencethefadfor"teachingaids"suchassandflashcardsfornewborns,and"whalesounds"ontapewhichapregnantmothercanstraptoherbelly.InBritain,thereisabroadlysimilarbeliefintheexistenceofinnatetalent,butalsoanegalitariansentimentwhichmakespeoplequeasyabouttheideaofinvestingresourcesingroominginligence.Teachersareoftenopposedtoseparateprovisionforthebest-performingchildren,sayinganyextrahelpshouldgotostragglers.In2002,inabidtohelptheablewhileleavingintactthebanonmostselectionbyabilityinstateschools,theernmentsetuptheNationalAcademyforGiftedandTalentedYouth.Thisoutfitrunssummerschoolsandmasterclassesforchildrennominatedbytheirschools.Todate,though,onlysevenintensecondaryschoolsnominatedevenasinglechild.LastyearallschoolsweretoldtheymustsupplythenamesoftheirtopPickingwinnersisalsotheorderofthedayin mnniststates,ahanerfromthetimeswhentalentedindividualswerepluckedfromtheirhomesandruthlesslytrainedforthegloryofthenation.Butinmanyothercountries,oppositiontotheideaofsinglingouttalentandgroomingitrunsdeep.InScandinavia,abeliefinvirtueslikemodestyandsocialsolidaritymakespeopleflinchfromtheideaoftreatingbrainychildrendifferently.AndinJapanthereisawidespreadbeliefthatallchildrenarebornwiththesameinnateabilities—andshouldthereforebetreatedalike.Allaretaughttogether,coveringthesamesyllabusatthesamerateuntiltheyfinishcompulsoryschooling.Thosewholearnquickestareexpectedthentoteachtheirclassmates.InChina,extrateachingisprovided,buttoaself-selectedbunch."Children’spalaces"inbigcitiesofferahugerangeofafter-schoolclasses.Anyonecansignup;allthatisaskedisexcellentattendance.Statisticsgivelittleclueastowhichsystemisbest.Theperformanceofthemostableisheavilyaffectedbyfactorsotherthanstateprovision.MoststateeducationinBritainisnominallynon-selective,butmiddle-classparentstrytolivenearthebestschools.AmbitiousJapaneseparentshavemadeprivate,out-of-schooltuitionathrivingbusiness.AndScandinavia’segalitarianismmightworklesswellinplaceswithmorediversepopulationsandlesscompetentteachers.Forwhatit’sworth,thedatasuggestthatsomecountries—likeJapanandFinland,seetable——caneschewselectionandstillthrive.Butthatdoesnotmeanthatanycountrycanditchselectionanddoaswell.MrPolgarthoughtanychildcouldbeaprodigygiventherightteaching,anearlystartandenoughpractice.Atonepointheplannedtoproveitbyadoptingthreebabyboysfromapoorcountryandtryinghismethodsonthem.(Hiswifevetoedthescheme.)Somesaythekeytosuccessissimplyhardgraft.Judit,theyoungestofthePolgarsisters,wasthemostdriven,andthemostsuccessful;Zsofia,themiddleone,wasregardedasthemosttalented,butshewastheonlyonewhodidnotachievethestatusofgrandmaster."Everythingcameeasiesttoher,"saidheroldersister."Butshewaslazy."Questions28-DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingPassage3?Inboxes28-33onyouranswersheet,write ifthestatementis ifthestatementisNOT iftheinformationisnotgivenintheAmericahasalonghistoryofselectingtalentedstudentsintodifferentTeachersandschoolsinBritain eattitude ernment’sselectionofgiftedSomeparentsagreetomovenearreputableschoolsinMiddle-classparentsparticipateintheirchildren’sJapanandFinlandcomplywithselectedstudent’sAvoiding-selection-policyonlyworksinaspecificQuestions34-Choosethecorrectletter,A,B,CorWriteyouranswersinboxes34-35onyouranswerWhat’sLaszloPolgar’spointofviewtowardsgeniusesofChessisthebestwaytotrainGeniustendtohappenonfirstGeniusescanbeeducatedlaterGeniusesarebornWhatisthepurposeofcitingZsofia’sexampleinthelastPracticemakesGirlsarenotgoodatShewasanadoptedMiddlechildisalwaysthemostQuestions36-Usetheinformationinthepassagetomatchthecountries(listedA-F)withcorrectconnectionbelow.WritetheappropriatelettersA-Finboxes36-40onyouranswersheet.LessgiftedchildrengethelpfromotherAttendingextrateachingisopentoPeoplearereluctanttofavorgiftedchildrenduetosocialBothviewofinnateandegalitarianco-Crazeofaudio teachingforpregnant雅思阅读VersionSECTIONSoundsTHEversificator,amachinedescribedinGeorgeOrwell’snovel"1984",automaticallygeneratedmusicforthehaplessmasses.Theideaofremovinghumansfromthecreativeprocessofmakingmusic,anartformsoabletostirthesoul,madeforagoodjokewhenthebookwaspublishedin1949.Buttoday,computerprogrammersworkinginanewfieldcalled"musicinligence"aredevelosoftwarecapableofpredictingwhichsongswill ehits.Thissurprisinglyaccuratetechnologycouldprofoundlychangethewaypopmusiciscreated.Thesoftwareusesaprocesscalled"spectraldeconvolution"toisolateandysearound30parametersthatdefineapieceofmusic,includingsuchthingsassonicbrilliance,octave,cadence,frequencyrange,fullnessofsound,chordprogression,timbreand"bend"(variationsinpitchatthebeginningandendofthesamenote)."Songsconformtoalimitednumberofmathematicalequations,"saysMikeMcCreadyofPlatinumBlue,amusic-inligencecompanybasedinNewYork,thathefoundedlastDecember.PlatinumBluehascompiledadatabaseofmorethan3msuccessfulmusicalarrangements,includingdataontheirpopularityindifferentmarkets.Tothehumanear,musichaschangedalotovertheyears.Music-inligencesoftware,however,canrevealstrikingsimilaritiesintheunderlyingparametersoftwosongsfromdifferenterasthat,eventoatrainedear,seemunrelated.AccordingtoPlatinumBlue’ssoftware,calledMusicScience,forexample,anumberofhitsongsbyU2haveaclosekinshiptosomeofBeethoven’scompositions.Ifasongwrittentodayhasparameterssimilartothoseofanumberofpasthits,itcouldwellbeahittoo.CarlosQuintero,aproducerandremixeratOrixaProduccionesinMadrid,recentlytriedoutanothermusic-inligencesystem,calledHitSongScience(HSS)."Itpracticallyleftmeinshock,it’sstunning,"hesays.MrQuintero’sproductioncompanynowhasthemostpromisingdemosongsitreceivesfromaspiringmusiciansevaluatedbyPolyphonicHMI,theBarcelona-baseddeveloperofHSSandPlatinumBlue’sonlyseriouscompetitor.(Bothcompaniesperformysesin-house,ratherthansellingsoftware.)Theresults—-consistingofagraph,numericalscores,computer-generatedcommentsandsuggestedchanges—helpOrixa’smanagersdecidewhichsongstoproduce.Then,duringtherecordingandpost-productionphases,OrixausesHSStoreysesuccessiveversionsofeachtrackforfine-tuning.Beliefinmusicinligenceisspreading,asPolyphonicHMIandPlatinumBluerackupbull’s-eyepredictionsofsuccess,including"CandyShop"by50Cent,"BetheGirl"byAslyn,"Unwritten"byNatashaBedingfield,"SheSays"byHowieDay,and"You’reBeautiful"byJamesBlunt.Still,labelsthatusemusicinligencegenerallyprefertokeepquietaboutit,sonon-disclosureagreementsarecommon."Noonewantspeopletothinktheirdecisionsarecomingfromabox,"saysRicWake,anAmericanproduceroftwoGrammy-winningactswhoroutinelyemploysMusicScience.Evenso,thenamesofmanycustomershaveleakedout.TheyincludeCapitolRecords,UniversalMusicGroup,SonyMusic,EMIandCasablancaRecords.Labelssometimesdon’tleventheirestablishedartistswhentheyusemusicinligencetohelpdecidewhichsinglestoRevenuesatPolyphonicHMIwillexceed$1mthisyear,twicelastyear’stake.InMarchthecompanybeganserving’smusicindustry,aftercompilingadatabaseofthatcountry’spopmusic.PlatinumBluerefusestoreleasefigures.Butoneofitsmanagers,TracieReed(who,likeseveralpeopleatPlatinumBlue,usedtoworkatPolyphonicHMI),sayscustomersnowcomeknocking—areversalofthestateofaffairsnotlongago,when"people’seyesglazedoverandtheyaskedthingslike,‘Areyoujoking?"’Theserviceisrelativelyinexpensive:ayear’ssubscriptionforunlimitedysestypicallycostsalargerecordcompanyaround$100,000.Andtheservicereducestheneedforexpensive"call-out"research,inwhichlabelscallconsumers,playpartofasongovertheephone,andcompiletheirItisnotjustrecordcompaniesthatareinterestedinmusicinligence,however.Themarketisexpandingasradioplaylist-programmersadoptthetechnology,oftentoputmathematicallysimilarsongstogethertocreateabetter"flow".MobileoperatorssuchasVodafoneandOrangeusethetechnologytodevelopmobileringtones.Disney’sHollywoodRecordsusesmusicinligencetodesignsoundtracks.MrMcCreadyofPlatinumBluesaysevisionadvertisingagencieshaveexpressedinterestinusingittoselectjingles,which,whilestructurallysimilartothoseinasuccessfulpreviousn,soundfreshtoconsumers.Lawyersarealsointerestedinusingthetechnology.HillelParness,aspecialistinmusiccopyright-violationatBrownRaysman,alawfirminNewYork,contactedPlatinumBluetodiscussthelegalapplicationsofthesoftware.Hewouldliketousethesoftwareinsuitsasanobjectivewaytoalertjudges,whooftenhavelittlebackgroundinmusic,tosuspicioussimilaritiesbetweentwopiecesofmusic.Music-inligencesoftwarecouldalsorustleupadditional(andlucrative)copyrightsuits.Usingafunctionknownas"melodydetection",recordlabelswillsoonbeabletousethesoftwaretofindsongsthatmayhaveplagiarisedsongsinthelabel’scatalogue.Istherenotadanger,however,thatgivingsoftwareasayinmusicselectionwillpromoteuniformityandhampercreativity?Theoppositeismorelikely.Highmusic-inligencescorescanhelpconvincenotoriouslyrisk-averseand"it’s-who-you-know"recordlabelstotakeachanceonnewtalent.TakethecaseofFredericMonneron,apublisherofequestrianbooksinMesnil-Simon,avillageof150peopleinLowerNormandy,France.Afterasetbackinhislovelife,the43-year-oldself-taughtguitaristandpianistsetupamakeshifthomestudio,wherehewroteandrecorded12syrupy,andsomewhatimprobable,romantic-politicalballads.Forfun,hepaidPolyphonicHMItoysehissongs.Theresultsindicatedthatthetuneshadwhatittakes.InSeptemberaFrenchlabelwillbegindistributing200,000copiesofMonneron’sCD,"Fred’sPentagone",inEuropeandNorthAmerica.Twomusicsandatourwillfollow."Whathappenedisafairytale,"saysMrMonneron.Questions14-ThereadingPassagehassevenparagraphsA-G.Whichparagraphcontainsthefollowinginformation?WritethecorrectletterA-G,inboxes14-19onyouranswerSmallamountofmoneycostforrecordWorkingprincipleofmusic TechnologyContrastedbetweenpastandAnotherversionofsoftwareMoresingersbelievemusicinOfferopportunitiesfornewQuestions20-25CompletethefollowingsummaryoftheparagraphsofReadingPassage,usingnomorethantwowordsfromtheReadingPassageforeachanswer.Writeyouranswersinboxes20-26onyouranswersheet.Musicinligencesoftwareworkingtheoryisusingaprocedurenamed20whichassessdecadesofparametersofamusic.AccordingtoMcCready,"Songsfollowsseveral21."Thecompanyheworkedincalled22whichaccumulatesenoughmusicaldatabase.Musicinligencehasabilityto betweentwodifferentsongs.Forexample,asoftwarecalled oncecomparedpopsongsfromU2and ,andfoundtherewereafewcloserelationshipbetweenthetwo.QuestionsWhichoneisCORRECTstatementaccordingtoparagraphFandMusic ligenceisnotapromisingMusic ligencehelpjudgemakerightMusicindustrydominatesmusic ligenceMusic ligencehasawiderangeof雅思阅读VersionSECTIONAmericanBlackNotallblackbearsareblack-theirfurcanrangeincolorfrompurewhitetoacinnamoncolortoverydarkbrownorblack.Mostpopulationshaveamixtureofthesecolors,includingthepurewhiteformwhichisfoundinsomeindividualsintheislandarchipelagoinsouthernBritishColumbia(KermodiIsland).Thiswhiteblackbear,whichiscalledspiritbears,reveredbyNativeAmericans,iscausedbyinheritingarecessivegeneforcoatcolorfromboththemotherandthefatherwhocould,themselves,bothbeblack.Ageneticreasonresultsinthelightgreycoatcolorcalledthe"blue"orglacierbearinsoutheasternAlaska.Regardlessofthesegeneticvariants,mostofthebearsinanyregionareblackincolor.Somebearshaveawhitepatchontheirchests.Theyhaveashort,inconspicuoustail,longishears,arelativelystraightprofilefromnosetoforehead,andsmall,darkBlackbearshaverelativelyshortclawswhichenablethemtoclimbtrees.Unlikecats,theclawsarenon-retractable.Otherthancolor,howdoblackbearsdifferfromgrizzlybears?Blackbearshavelongerandlessroundedearsandamorestraightprofilefromforeheadtonosecomparedtogrizzlybears.Grizzlieshavelargershoulderhumpsandamoredished-infacialprofileandmuchlongerfrontclawsthatareevidentinthetracks.Blackbearsandgrizzlybearscanbothhaveawidevarietyofcolorsandsizes,butmostcommonlyinareaswherebothspeciesoccur,blackbearsaresmalleranddarkerthangrizzlybears.Size:Blackbearsinsomeareaswherefoodisscarcearemuchsmallerthaninotherareaswherefoodisabundant.Typically,adultsareapproximay3feettallattheshoulder,andtheirlengthfromnosetotailisabout75inches.Allbears,includingblackbears,aresexuallydimorphic—meaningadultmalesaremuchlargerthanadultfemales.AlargemaleAmericanblackbearsareomnivorous,meaningtheywilleatavarietyofthings,includingbothplantsandmeat.Theirdietincludesroots,berries,meat,fish,insects,larvae,grassandothersucculentplants.Theyareabletokilladultdeerandotherhoofedwildlifebutmostcommonlyareonlyabletokilldeer,elk,mooseandotherhoofedanimalswhentheseareveryyoung.Theyareabletokilllivestockespeciallysheep.Bearsareveryattractedtohumangarbage,livestockfoodorpetfood,orotherhumanassociatedfoodsincludingfruittrees.Bearsusingthesehumanassociatedfoodscanquickly ehabituatedtothemandthiscommonlyresultsinthebearsbeingkilledasnuisances.Thisistrueforbeehivesaswellasbearsareveryattractedtohonev.Blackbearscanliveupto30yearsinthewildbutmostdiebeforetheyareintheirearly20s.Becauseoftheirversatilediet,blackbearscanliveinavarietyofhabitattypes.Theyinhabitbothconiferousanddeciduousforestsaswellasopenalpinehabitats.TheytypicallydonotoccurontheGreatPlainsorotherwideopenareasexceptalongrivercourseswherethereisriparianvegetationandtrees.Theycanlivejustaboutanywheretheycanfindfood,butlargelyoccurwheretherearetrees.TheAmericanblackbear’srangecoversmostoftheNorthAmericancontinent.TheyarefoundinAlaska,muchofCanadaandtheUnitedStates,andextendasfarsouthasnorthernMexico.Blackbearsaretypicallysolitarycreaturesexceptforfamily(afemalewithcubs)groupsandduringmatingseason,whichpeaksinMayandJune.Followingfertilization,theembryodoesn’timplantintheuterusuntilfallatthetimeofdenentrance.Thisprocessofdelayedimplantationoccursinallbearspeciesandallowsthefemalebear’sbodytophysiologically"assess"herconditionbeforeimplantationoccursandtheperiodofgestationleadingtothebirthofcubsreallybegins.Delayedimplantationallowsthefemaletonotwastefatreservesandenergyinsustainingapregnancythatwouldhavelittlechanceofsuccessbecauseherconditionistoopoor.Femalesgivebirthtocubseveryotheryeariffoodsourcesaresufficientlyplentiful.Inyearswhenfoodsarescarceafemalemayskipanadditionalyearortwobetweenlitters.Thecubsareborninthemother’swinterden,andwilldenwithheragainthefollowingwinter.Thefollowingspringwhenthecubsare1.5yearsold,thecubsandfemalewillseparateandthefemalewillbreedagain.Ablackbearlittercanbe1-5cubsbutmostcommonlylittersare2cubs.Conservationeffortsforblackbearshavebeeneffectiveandinmostareasblackbearsareincreasingandcansustainmanagedsporthunting.Inareaswithhumanpopulations,thiscancause sbecausebearsareveryattractedtohumanfoodsandrefuseaswellastolivestockandlivestockfoods.Sincebearsarelargeandstronganimals,manypeoplefearthemandresentthedamagetheycancause.Thekeytosuccessfulco-existencebetweenhumansandbearsistorecognizethatitisnolongerpossibleforeitherspeciestooccupyallhabitatsbutthatwhereco-occupancyispossibleanddesirable,humansmustberesponsibleforthewelfareofthebearpopulation.Wildareaswithlittlehumanfootprintwillremainthemostimportanthabitatforbearsbutpeacefulco-existencecanoccurintheurban-wildlandinterfaceaslongashumanstakethenecessarystepstoassurethattherelationshipremainsapositiveone.TheAmericanblackbearisnotcurrentlyaspeciesofconservationconcernandeventheformerlylistedblackbearofFloridaandLouisianaisnowincreasing.HabitatsinwesternTexasfromwhichblackbearswereextirpatedarenowbeingre-colonized.Questions1-ThereadingPassagehassevenparagraphsA-G.Whichparagraphcontainsthefollowinginformation?WritethecorrectletterA-G,inboxes1-7onyouranswerNBYoumayuseanylettermorethanVarietyofeatingionbetweenbearandSizeofblackDifferentter