数词用法讲解及练习

数词I•定义与分类数词是指表示数目多少或顺序先后的词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词，如one,five,ten,thirty,sixty-five等；表示顺序先后的数词叫序数词，如first,sixth,tenth,twenty-first等。数词用法相当于名词和形容词，在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语等。基数词英语中没有万"这个读数单位，要表示汉语中的 万”英语需借用thousand—词，如一万”用“十个千”表示(tenthousand)，“十万”用“一百个千”表示(onehundredthousand)。用作基数词单位的 hundred,thousand,million,billion 通常不带复数词尾-s,但若用于表示数百、数千、数百万这样的泛指，则用复数。如：Abouttwothousandpeoplediedintheearthquake.大约有两千人在地震中丧生。Thousandsofpeoplegototheseasideeveryyear.每年成千上万的人到海滨去。表示整十的基数词用复数形式可以表示人的大约岁数或年代。如：Heisinhisearlytwenties.他才二十出头(from。Thistookplaceinthe1930s.这事发生在20世纪30年代。序数词许多序数词是由相应的基数词后加词尾-th构成的,如four/fourth,six/sixth,ten/tenth,sixteen/sixteenth,但是nine变为序数词是ninth,而不是nineth。twentieth,thirtieth,fortieth 等表示整十的序数词， 由相应的基数词将词尾 y改为ie，再加-th构成。first,second,third通常可缩写为1st,2nd,3rd。凡是以th结尾的序数词可缩写为“基数词+th”：4th,5th,9th,11th,60th,128th等。非整十的多位数，将个位数变成序数词即可：twenty-first(第21)，thirty-sixth(第36)，ninety-ninth(第99)，threehundredandsixty-fifth(第365)等。hundred,thousand,million等序数词形式为hundredth,thousandth,millionth等。序数词前通常要用定冠词，但表示考试或比赛等的名次时，通常可省略其前的定冠词。如：Myroomisonthesecondfloorandhisonthethird.我的房间在三楼，他的房间在四楼。Hewas(the)thirdintheexam.他考试得了第三名。注：有时序数词前不用定冠词，而用不定冠词，表示次第在原有基础上的增加。如：We'llhavetodoitasecondtime.我们得再做一次(from。序数词前用定冠词和不定冠词的区别在于：定冠词表特指，不定冠词表泛指，有类似another的意思，但比another的意思更明确。分数、倍数、小数和百分数分数。分数由基数词和序数词构成：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子超过 “1时”，分母用复数。如：twothirds=2/3threefifths=3/5注：1/2通常读作a[one]half，一般不读作asecond；1/4可读作a[one]fourth，也可读作a[one]quarter。分子与分母之间加in,分子在前，分母在后，分子分母都用基数词。如 oneinten十分之一，fiveineight八分之五。分子与分母之间加outof,分子在前，分母在后，分子分母都用基数词。 如oneoutoften十分之一，fiveoutofeight八分之五。倍数。英语中表示倍数时通常借助 half,double,twice,threetimes等之类的词。如：They'retwicethesizeofchickens.它们比鸡大一倍。Theirhouseisaboutthreetimesasbigasours.他们的房子大约有我们房子三倍大。倍数的几种表达法倍数+as+形容词/副词(原级)+as。如：Thisbridgeisthreetimesaslongasthatone.这座桥是那座桥的三倍长。倍数+形容词或副词的比较级+than。如：Thisbridgeisthreetimeslongerthanthatone.这座桥是那座桥的三倍长。⑶倍数+thesize/length/weight 表•示比较对象的名词。如：Thisbridgeisthreetimesthelengthofthatone. 这座桥是那座桥的三倍长。倍数+what引导的从句。如：Thecollegeistwicewhatitwas5yearsago.这所大学是它五年前的两倍。百分数。百分数由基数词和百分号 (％)组成，百分号(％)读作percent。如：thirtypercent=30%, 60percent=60%用基数词+percent”若表示几分之几或百分之几十的人或物时，用加 of,作主语时，谓语动词的数与of后的名词数一致。如：Fortypercentofthestudentswearglasses.百分之四十的学生戴眼镜。Two-thirdsofthemoneywasspentonfood.三分之二的钱都花在食物上。注意：percent—律用单数形式.小数。小数点前的数按总数念，同其它基数词读法一样，小数点用 point，小数点后面的数按基数词一个一个单独念。女口读作ninepointsixfive。读作twohundredandeighteenpointthreenine。日期1949年1949读作nineteenforty-nine6月23日June23rd读作June(the)twenty-third或thetwenty-thirdofJune2006年10月October2006读作October,twothousandandsix1600年5月2日May2nd,2005读作thesecondofMay,sixteenhundred钟点半小时用half，一刻钟用aquarter，半小时以内用 past,超过半小时用to。08:00eighto'或oeight09:15ninefifteen或aquarterpast/afternine02:30twothirty或halfpast/aftertwo05:45fiveforty-five或aquartertosix14:15fourteenfifteen=p.m.23:05twenty-threeohfive24:00twenty-fourhundredhours=midnight编号单纯的编号，可在基数词前加 number，简写为No.。如第二。序号与事物名词连用时分三种情况 (from:(1)小序号可用“the序数词+名词"或名词+基数词”如第一次课可以说theFirstLesson或LessonOne。⑵大序号通常只用名词+数词”如808号房间Room808；168路公共汽车Bus;南京路1490号1490NanjingRoad;电话号码(用基数词逐个念，0念字母O)。(3)用“a/the+number+基数词+名词”女口abus一辆三路公共汽车，thebus那辆三路公共汽车。约数用tens/dozens/scores/hundreds/thousands/millionsof 表示几十、几百、上千、成千上万"等。如：Theboyboughtdozensofpencils.那个男孩买了几十支铅笔。Thousandsofpeoplediedintheearthquake.数以千计的人死于地震。(1)dozen,score,hundred,thousand,million等表示确切数量时，不用复数。女口 fivedozeneggs五打鸡蛋，threehundredpeople五百个人。但score用法略有不同，与数词连用时，也加of。女口twoscoreofeggs(40个蛋)。⑵有时单数形式的dozen,score,hundred,million等前面有数词，后面也有of,此时的of表示的是部分与整体的关系，其后一定是them,us之类的人称代词或者有the,these,your之类的限定词。女口Iwanttobuythreedozenoftheeggs.(我想买其中的三打蛋)(from用lessthan,under,below,almost,nearly,upto等来表示小于或接近某数目。如nearlytwohours将近两个小时。用morethan,beyond,ormore,over,above等来表示超过或多于某个数目。女口 morethan100years一百多年。用or,orso,about,around,some,moreorless等表示在某一数目左右。 女口about50pens大约五十支钢笔， amonthorso大约一个月。用to,from…to…,betweend表示介于两数词。如：Hissalaryrosefrom100dollarsamonthto120dollarsamonth.他的工资从每月 100美元升到了每月120美元。年代表示在某个世纪的几十年代， 用“inthe逢十的基数词的复数”。基数词的复数若用阿拉伯数字表示，可直接加s,也可加's如在20世纪80年代”是inthe1980或inthe1980s，读作inthenineteeneighties。注意：不要漏掉the。X年龄1.表示某人几岁的确切年龄，用 基数词+yearsold或"基数词+ofage或者“attheagef基数词”也可直接用基数词。如：HebegantostudyEnglishat(theageof)seventy.他70岁开始学英语。She'sseventyyearsold.=She 'sseventy她ears岁了ge.

表示某人几十多岁这样的约略年龄，用 "inone逢十+勺基数词的复数（如tens,twenties,thirties等）'来表达。如：HewenttoAmericainhisthirties.他30多岁时去了美国。XI.算式2+8=10Twopluseightis/equalsten.Twoandeightare/equalten.Ifyouaddtwoandeight,youwillgetten.8-2=6Eightminustwois/equalssix.Twofromeightis/equalssix.Ifyousubtracttwofromeight,youwillgetsix2x8=16Twomultipliedbyeightis/equalssixteen.Twotimeseightis/equalssixteen.Ifyoumultiplytwobyeight,youwillgetsixteen.8十2=4Eightdividedbytwois/equalsfour.Eightovertwois/equalsfour.Ifyoudivideeightbytwo,youwillgetfour.数词专项练习()1.ThePeople'sLiberationArmywasfounded .A.onAugust1,1927B.in1927,1AugustC.onAugust1st,1927D.inAugust1,1927( )2.A boycansingtheEnglishsongverywell.A.ten-year-old B.tenyearsoldC.ten-years-oldD.tenthyearsoldwovenbythosetwom( )3.Anhourlater, ministerwassenttoseethe “magicclothwovenbythosetwomA.two B.thesecondC.thetwo( )4.Doyouthinkthereisanyroomforus A.two B.thetwo C.second()5.Whichnumberiswrong .A.Ninety B.Ninteen C.NinthA.two B.thesecondC.thetwo( )4.Doyouthinkthereisanyroomforus A.two B.thetwo C.second()5.Whichnumberiswrong .A.Ninety B.Ninteen C.Ninth()6.Thenumber4,123isread .A.fourthousandonehundredandtwenty-threeD.secondD.thesecondD.Nineteenththousandandonehundredtwenty-threeC.fourthousandandahundredandtwenty-threeD.fourthousandsahundredandtwenty-three( )7.Theoldprofessorstillworkshardthoughheis .A.inhissixtyB.inhissixtiesC.insixtiesD.inthesixty()8.Thisclassroomis ours.A.threetimesbigasB.asthreetimesbigasC.threetimesasbigasD.asbigthreetimesas()9.Thebasketballteamofourschoolranks inthematch.A.three B.third C.thethree D.thethird()10.WhichisthecarthathedrivesIt 's .A.fiftytwoB.thefifty-twocarsC.thecarfiftyfourD.thefifty-fourthcar()11.Whichofthefollowingiswrong .A.Heisafifteen-year-oldboy.B.Heisattheageof15.C.Heisaboyof15.D.Heisfifteenyearold.()12.Ourschoolisnotverybig.Thereareonly students.A.ninehundredsofB.ninehundredC.ninehundredsD.ninehundredof()13.Howmanynewwordsaretherein lessonThereareonly A.five;fifthB.fifth;fiveC.thefifth;thefiveD.thefifth;five()14. ,Coca-ColabegantoenterChina 'smarket.A.In1970'B.sIn1970sC.Inthe1970sD'.Inthe1970sTOC\o"1-5"\h\z()15.Therewasnobusinthatsmalltown.Wehada .A.tenmileswalkB.ten-milewalkC.tenmile'swDa.lktenthmilewalk()16.Whichroomdoyoulivein .A.The201RoomB.Room201C.Room201stD.The201'sRoom()17.Threehundredthousandonehundredandseventymeans .A.3,170 B.3,117C.300,170D.30,170()18.OnMay , peopletraveledroundthecountry.A.thefirst,millionsB.thefirst,millionsofC.first,themillionthD.first,millions()19. ofthemarediningatschool.A.TwelveB.TwelfthC.ThetwelveD.the12th()20.7:17isread .A.sevenandseventeenB.sevensevenC.sevenonesevenD.sevenseventeen()21.Four twoistwo.A.plusB.minusC.timesD.dividedby()22.Three fiveiseight.plusB.minusC.timesD.dividedby()23.Three sevenistwenty-one.plusB.minusC.timesD.dividedby()24.Forty-two sevenissix.plusB.minusC.timesD.dividedby()25.Thereare daysinayear.A.threehundredsixtyandfive B.threehundredandsixty-fiveC.threehundredsandsixty-fiveD.threehundredsixty-five()26.Thereare studentsinthatschool.A.twothousandeight-six B.twothousandeighty-sixC.twothousandandeighty-six D.twothousandsandeighty-six()27.Ittookme togetthere.A.twohoursandahalfB.twohoursandhalfC.twohourandahalfD.twohourandhalf()28. isaverytallboy.A.ThetwelveB.ThetwelvethC.ThetwelfethD.ThetwelfthTOC\o"1-5"\h\z()29.“Whatyearisit”“It's .”A.nineteenhundredandninety-seven B.nineteenandninety-sevenC.nineteenninetyandsevenD.nineteenninety-seven()30.“What'sthedatetoday ”“It's .”A.TuesdayB.JuneFourthC.JunethefourD.Junethefourth()31.ThetrainfromShanghaiwillarrive .A.inquarterpastsixB.inaquarterpastsixC.atquarterpastsixD.ataquarterpastsix()32.Myfriendwasbornon .A.threeofJuly,1979B.thethirdofJuly,1979C.1979,JulythethirdD.1979,thethirdofJuly()33. islessthan .A.One-third;two-thirds B.One-third;two-thirdC.First-three;first-threesD.One-third;one-three()34.Whichlessondidyoulearnyesterday_ .A.LessonSevenB.LessonseventhC.The7LessonD.7Lesson()35.TherewillbeacomedyonTVat thisevening.A.sevenpastthirtyB.halfpastsevenC.seventhethirtyD.thirtytoseven()36.Ittookme tofindoutthekeytothedrawer.A.oneandhalfhoursB.oneandahalfhoursC.oneandahalfhourD.oneandhalfhour()37.I'msotiredafter walk.A.threehoursB.threehours C'.threehour D'.sthreehour()38.Thereare starsinthesky.A.millionofB.millionsofC.themillionD.amillionof()39.Thestreetis wide.A.twometersB.twometerC.thetwometerD.atwometer()40.Mostofthestarsaremuchbiggerthanthesun.Buttheyare lightyearsawayfromus.A.thousandB.thousandsC.thousandofD.thousandsof( )41. ofthesurface(表面)oftheearthiscoveredwithwater.A.FirstthirdB.TwothirdsC.OnethreeD.Twothree( )42.Thereare peopleinmyfamily.Weliveonthe floorinatallbuilding.A.five,sixB.fifth,sixthC.fifth,sixD.five,sixth()43.Thefloodhappened .A.inthesummerof1998 B.inthesummerof1998sC.in1998ofthesummer D.in1998softhesummer( )44.---Howsoonwillyoufinishyourwork---Inabout .A.oneandahalfmonthB.onemonthandahalfC.oneandhalfamonthD.amonthandhalf( )45.Wewillhavea holiday.WhataboutgoingtoSuzhouA.fivedaysB.fivedayC.five-dayD.five-days( )46.Wearesurethe centurywillbringusmorehopes.A.twentieth-firstB.twentieth-oneC.twenty-oneD.twenty-first( )47.Attheageof ,hehadhisownlab.A.thirtyB.thirtiethC.thethirtieth D.thethirty( )48.---Wouldyoulikesomefruit,madam---Oh,yes. ,please.A.5kilobananasB.5kilosofbananasC.5kiloofbananasD.5kilosofbanana( )49.Thisbuildingisfora .A.familyofthreeB.threepeopleC.threepeoplesfamilyD.threepeople 'sfamily( )50.Lookatthetable.Tomwantstobuyahamburger,alargecokeandanice-cream.HowmuchwillhepayHamburger$Orangejuice$Hotdog$Coffee$Ice-cream$Water$Popcorn$Largecoke$A.Threedollarsandsixtycents. B.Fivedollarsandthirty-fivecents.C.Fivedollarsandsixtycents. D.Twodollars.音标语法词汇阅读综合训练Fillintheblanksaccordingtothephonetictranscriptions.t(ibringy(»urnilnearf,Mary・I /'getupat .Chinjisagrxiat /'kAntnA1.Thekinglusttlie flurd/twoyetii^Inter.5h1 'ra：d^(rystayatliomrandwut<+hTV.Completethefollowingpassageswiththewordsorphrasesinthebox.Eachcanonlybeusedonce.(A)A.chairs B.amazing C.causeD.atleast E.dangerousHomeshouldbethesafestplaceofall,butcarelessnessmakesitoneofthemost 6 .Accidentscanhappenwhenpeopleusetablesand 7 asladdersandmisusekitchenappliances.Manyhomeaccidentsinvolvefalls.Objectsthatareleftonfloorscanmakeothersfallover.Thekitchenisanotherplacewheremanyfallstakeplace.Cleaningupwateroffthefloorcanpreventmanyaccidents.Burnshappenmostlyathome,andmanyofthemhappeninthekitchen.Ahotovenisanobviousdangerthatcan8painfulburns.Cookingwithheatshouldbedonebyadults,or9withanadultaround.(B)A.without B.signsC.insteadof D.aswellasE.regularlyHousefiresarealsoaseriousproblem.Theyoftenstart 10 beingnoticed,soeveryhouseshouldhaveonesmokedetector(探测器) oneachfloor.Thedetectorscandetect,orsense,anysignofsmokeandwarnyouwithanalarm.Everyfamilymembershouldknowwhattodowhenthereisafire.Onceagreedupon,thesesafetyrulesshouldbereviewedandpractisedtogether 11 .Thispracticewillcreateamuchsaferhome.Accidentsoftenhappeninpublicplaces 12 athome.Accidentstakeplaceintheseplacesfortwomainreasons.First,mostvisitorsareunfamiliarwiththeseplaces.Second,publicplacesareoftencrowded.Whileyouareintheseplaces,payattentionto 13 warningaboutanydangers.Completethesentenceswiththegivenwordsintheirproperforms.Asweallknow,Edisonwasoneofthegreatest intheworld.(scienee)Wemustkeepthebalaneeof .(natural)Ofallthesubjects,Ilike best.（chemical）Stayinginanair-conditionedroominsummermakesmefeel .（comfort）Teachersshouldbe toallthestudents.（patiently）Itis totalkloudlyinthereadingroom.（polite）Thedetectivestoryhasa ending.Ilikeitverymuch.（drama）Allthestaffinthisbigcompanyhad examlastweek.（medicine）Completethefollowingsentencesasrequired.Cathyiskeenonplayingchess.（保持句意基本不变）Cathyis playingchess.Mymotherseldomgoestoworkbycar.（改为反意疑问句）Mymotherseldomgoestoworkbycar, Igotothecinemaonceamonth.（对划线部分提问） doyougotothecinemaItisveryimportanttopayattentiontoroadsafety. （改为感叹句） itistopayattentiontoroadsafety!Thegovernmentwillwidenthisoldstreetnextyear.（改为被动语态）Thisoldstreetwill bythegovernmentnextyear.WhenwillMarygotravellingTheprofessorwantedtoknow. （改为复合句）Theprofessorwantedtoknow Mary gotravelling.paid,MissLi,inthatsupermarket,800yuan,anewcarpet,for（连词成句）Choosethebestanswer.Mostpeoplehavedogsaspets.ButdoyouknowthatdogscanalsododifferentjobsOnSeptember11,2001,terrorists（恐怖分子）attackedthe.andnearly3,000peopledied.Atthattimeover300dogsweretheretohelptofindandsavepeople.Theyareworkingdogs.TheU.S.armybegantousedogsduringWorldWarI.Now,about2,700dogsareworkinginAfghanistanandIraq,accordingtoDiscoveryNews.Thesefour-leggedsoldiersusetheirpowerfulsenseofsmelltofindbombs,drugsandenemies.Dogsare“man'bestfriends”.Theycanhelpusworkbetter.Themostcommonjobsforworkingdogsareinsearchandrescue.Theycanfindlostpeopleorbodiesafterabigdisasterorinthewild.Guidedogscanhelpblindpeoplewalksafely.Thesedogscanunderstandsomewords.GuidedogsarepopularintheU.S.andJapan.ManyguidedogsvisitedChinaduringtheBeijingOlympicGames.Therearealsodogsworkingwithdoctors.Theycanhelpautistic（自闭症的）children.Thesechildrensometimesdon'talkandliketodothesamethingsagainandagain.AstudyfromCanadain2010showedthatdogscouldmakeautisticchildrenfeelrelaxedandsafe.Herdingdogsareimportanttosheepowners.Theykeepthesheepsafe.TheyarecommoninAustralia,NewZealandandsomepartsofChina.Nowadays,manypeoplehavethemaspets.Sodogsarenotonlyourpetsbutalsoourworkmatesnow.（ ）29.WorkingdogsinAfghanistanandIraqhelpto .A.keeppeoplesafefindandsavepeoplefindbombs,drugsandenemieskeeptheenvironmentclean()30.Themostcommonjobsforworkingdogsarein .A.helpingblindpeoplewalksafelysearchandrescuehelpingautisticchildrenkeepingsheepsafe()31.Guidedogsarepopularin .A.ChinaandJapanCanadaandtheU.S.AustraliaandtheU.S.theU.S.andJapan()32.AlotofguidedogscametoChinain .A.2001B.2007C.2008D.2010()33.Theunderlinedwords“herdingdogs”inParagraph8mean“ ”inChinese.A.狩猎犬B.牧羊犬C.警犬D.玩具犬()34Thebesttitleforthispassageis .A.Four-leggedsoldiers B.GuidedogsarepopularC.Dogsareourpets D.PeopleanddogsmakeagreatteamChoosethebestwordsorexpressionsandcompletethepassage.Ifyouwanttoknowwhattheweatherwillbe ___35___tomorrow,youcanfindaforecastinthenewspaper,onTV,orontheInternet.Untilabout150yearsago,however,forecastsweremadebypeople___36___theirsurroundings.Theypaidattentiontothecloudsandthewind.Theynoticedwhatanimalsweredoingandhowplantsweregrowing.Today,forecastingtomorrow'sor___37___week'sweatheristhejobofmeteorologists(气象学者),scientistswhostudytheweather.Modernweatherforecastingdependsoncollectingenormous(巨大的)amountsofinformation—allaroundtheworld.___38___inthe1840s,AmericanscientistJosephHenrygottheballrolling(开始某项活动)formodernforecasting.Hesetupanetworkofabout150volunteerweatherobserversacrossthe.Eventually,600observers___39___temperature,airpressure,andotherconditionsintheirareaeveryday.TheysentthisinformationbytelegraphtotheSmithsonianInstitutioninWashington,whereHenryworked.There,hedisplayedthenation'sweatherconditionsonalargemap.ThesuccessofHenry'svolunteers___40___thecreationoftoday'sNationalWeatherService.()35.A.as B.like C.forD.about()36.A.observing B.discoveringC.gaining D.learning()37.A.lastB.firstC.everyD.next()38.A.BackB.OverC.AwayD.Past()39.A.measuredB.praisedC.testedD.increased()40.A.stoodforB.seemedlike C.ledtoD.turnedintoReadthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords.CellphonesandtheInternethaveimprovedourlivesinmanyw___41___.However,theyhavealsobroughtanumberofworryingproblemsthatneedtobenoticed.Manycaraccidentsarec___42___bycellphones.NowpeoplecanusecellphonestogetontheInternet,anditisveryconvenient.ButsomedriversgetontheInternetwhentheyaredriving.Drivingneedsdrivers'attention.Thesec___43___driversareadangertousallbylookingattheircellphonesandnotattheroad.ManyofthedangersoftheInternetarewellknown.Childrenwhov___44___websiteswithouttheirparents'permission（允许）sometimestalktostrangers,andputthemselvesingreatd___45___.Peoplewithblogssometimespostembarrassingphotographsofothersontheirwebsiteswithoutpermission.TherearealsopeoplewhousetheInternettogetotherpeople 'sp___46___ information.CellphoneandInternetsafetytips:Ifyouneedtouseacellphonewhiledriving,usea“hands-free”phone.Indifficultdrivingsituationssuchasrainorsnow,donotuseyourphoneatall.TellyourchildrennottotalkwithanyonetheydonotknowontheInternet.R___47___togiveoutanyimportantpersonalinformationontheInternet.Answerthequestions.Ellawasleft-handed.Whenshegotinthethirdgrade,hermarkswereextremelypoorbecauseherteacher,MissMennis,couldn'tunderstandElla'sterriblehandwriting.MissMennisforcedEllatowritewithherrighthand.SheevenstoodoverpoorlittleEllaandmadesurethatthepupilwasn'tusingherlefthand.WhenEllagotinthefourthgrade,shehadamuchyoungerteacher,MissKindred.Shegavepupilshandwritingexercises.Oneday,sheaskedEllatostayintheclassroomafterclass.EllathoughtMissKindredwasgoingtopunish（惩罚）herbecauseofherbadhandwriting.MissKindredaskedEllatowriteafewwordswithherrighthand.ThenshemadeEllawriteafewwordswithherlefthand.Ellalookedupatherwhenshefinishedwriting,andtheteacherhadawarmsmileonherface.MissKindredgaveEllaawr