定语从句讲义

定语从句讲义（个人精心整理）从定语从语从句一般紧跟在或所词的从句叫定语•定语从句定义及相关术语从定语从语从句一般紧跟在或所词的从句叫定语先行词之后。先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；关系畐U词有when,where,why等。关系词通常有下列三个作用：A.引导定语从句关系词先行词从句成分例句B.代替先行词,C.在定语从句中担当一个成分

、关系代词who人主语，宾语Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?whom人宾语Theboy(whom)sheloveddiedinthewar.Mr.SmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworking1whose人，物定语Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismyclassmate.that人，物主语，宾语表语Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.Sheisnotthepersonthatsheusedtobe

which物主语，宾语Thebook(which)Igaveyouwasworth$10.Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.as人，物主语，宾语Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.备注Who,whom,which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that和who关系副词when时间状语Iwillneverforgetthedayswhenwespentourholidaystogether.where地点状语Iknowaplacewherewecanhaveapicnic

why原因状语Thisisthereasonwhyhewasfired.why原因状语Thisisthereasonwhyhewasfired..关系代词表格例如：（注意关系代词在定语从句中所充当的成Doyouknowtheprofessorwho/thatwillgiveusaspeechnextweek? （作主语）Ireadareportabouthisnewnovelthat/whichwillsoonbepublished.（作主语）Theplanthat/whichtheyarguedaboutwassettledatlast. （作宾语）Thisisthenewsecretary（who/whom/th^t）Iwouldliketointroducetoyou. （作宾语）Thesoldierwhoselegswerebadlyw^yndedwasoperatedonwithoutdelay.（作定语）三.6个关系代词的用法1） 关系代词that禾口which的用法which,that在代替物时，一般可以通用。utonthedeskisblack.IthatHisfatherworksinafactorythat/whichmakesTVsets.utonthedeskisblack.IthatThecoat（which/that）Iputonthedeskisblack.▲但在有些情况下.只用that形先词词修是高级形谷词或它的前面有最高级形先词词修是against,pollution.willlearnduringt2先行词是序数'against,pollution.willlearnduringt2先行词是序数' ①Thisisthelastplace（that）Iwanttovisit.Englishisthemostdifficultsubjectthatyouearsoffr#i——Rvb'veeverseen.ItisthefirstAmericanmovieofthiskindthatI'veeverseen.)thing,none,any,few,等不定代词时。)thing,none,any,few,等不定代词时。everything,anything,nothin* "little,no,all,much,everyYoushouldhandinallthatyouhave.Wehaven'tgotmuhthatwecanofferyou.Thelittlemoney(that)hehadwasstolen.candoistogiveyou先行词前面有theonly,thevery,等修饰时。Theonlythingthatwesomemoney.candoistogiveyouandpersonsthatthey时。避免重复使用andpersonsthatthey时。避免重复使用tyoulost?表语Doyouknowthethingsaretalkingabout?主句已有疑问词whichWhichis吾从句longerthegirlthatsheusedtobe.that吾从句longerthegirlthatsheusedtobe.MaryisnoIongerthegirlthatsheusedtobe.▲不用that的:情况引导非限定性定语从句时。例如：②介词后不能用。Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.②介词后不能用。Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.▲定语从句修饰某物或整个句子。止匕丿卜書况定语从句修饰某物或整个句子。引导非况定Brucewenttowardsthefire,whichwasstillsmoking.Tomcamebacklate,whichmadehisparentsveryangry.。Thisisthehousein。ThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunoncelived.关系代词whS禾口whom的用法who指人，在句中作主语和宾语，作宾语可省

在在介词后面不能省在在介词后面不能省在句中只能作宾语，可省略，但。Shehasabrotherwhoworkedatthatfactorytenyearsago.Thedoctorwho/whom/that/xshewenttotheUnitedStateswithlastmonthisveryfamous.=ThedoctorwithwhomshewenttotheUnitedStateslastmonthisveryfamous.3） 关系代词/^hose的用法⑴whose是代词的所有格，它既可以代人也可以代物。Isawawomanwhosebagwasstolen.Pleaseshowmethebookwhosecoverisred.⑵当whose表示物与物的所有格关系时，亦可用ofwhich的形式。①Thebuildingwhoseroofyoucanseefromhereisanewrestaurant.fThebuilding,theroofofwhichyoucanseefromhere,isanewrestaurant.或fThebuilding,ofwhichtheroofyoucanseefromhereisanewrestaurant.4） 关系代词as的用法 、 、先行词前有such、thesame时关系代词用asI'veeverheardsuchstoriesashetells.Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.ThisisthesamedictionaryasIlostlastweek.5） 关系副词的用法含义相当于\"介词+which）"结构，因此常常和£介词+wh^h\^'空结构交替使用①1w^e词引指时间定语淀语从句中作时间状语。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallyarrived.②where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.when=onwhich where=inwhichreason=forwhichThedaywhen/onwhichImethimfirstwasMay1st.Thisisthehousewhere/inwhichIlivedtwowhichheyearsago.whichheIdon'tknowthereasonwhy/fordidn'tcome..并非先行词表示时间或地点时都分别用 when或where来引导相应的定语从句， 若关系词在修饰表示时间或地点的先行词的定语从句中充当主语、宾语等而不是状语时， 需用which或that引导相应的定语从句。Doyoustillrememberthedayswhich/thatwernttogetherinschool?_先行词thedays表时但是其定语从句的引导词在定语从句中作宾语而不是状语，因此不能用when而应该用which或that。ThisisthedaywhenIjoinedtheparty/whichhespentreadingthebooks/whichIstillneverforget.ThisistheplacewhereIfoundthebook./whichweoncevisited/whichIwillneverforget/whichIamlookingforThisisthereasonwhyhewaslate/thathegave

atthemeetingforhisbeinglate.t.以theway为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由inwhich或that引导，而且通常可以省略。Theway(that/inwhich)heansweredthequestionswassurprising.Idon'tketheway(that/inwhich)youlaughather.四•介词+关系代词关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由、介词+关系代词”引出。人、 …介词+which(指事) 介词+whom(指人)Theschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous. ,TomorrowI'bringherethemagazine(which/that)youaskedfor.TomorrowI'bringherethemagazineforwhichyouasked.ThisistheboywithwhomIplayedtenniswithyThisistheboy(whom/who/that)Iplayedtenniswithyesterday.ThisistheboywithwhomIplayedtenniswithyesterday.Wellgotohearthefamoussingerho/that)wehaveoftentalkedabout.Wellgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.ThebosswhosecompanyIworkinpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingourworkingconditions.ThebossinwhosecompanyIworkpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingourworkingconditions.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who,that；关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。Themanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable.五．代词/数词+介词+关系代词some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代词或者数词。如：①Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.②Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.Uptonow,hehaswrittentenstories,threeofwhichareaboutcountrylife.六．限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句形式上：不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。意义上：是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。译法上：译成先行词的定语：“．．．的”关系词的使用上：eA•作宾语时可省略B•可用thatC.可用who代替whom非限制性定语从句形式上：用逗号“，”与主句隔开。意义上：只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主

句仍能表达完整的意思。译法上：通常译成主句的并列句。that-词的使用上：A.不可省略 B.不that… C.不可用who代替whom限制性定语从句举例：TheteachertoldmethatTomwastheonlypersonthatIcoud、dependon.老师告诉莪说汤姆是我唯一的可以依靠的人。Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.中国是一个历史悠久的国家。InthestreetIsawamanwhowasfromAfrica.在街上我看到一个来自非洲的人。非限制性疋语从句举例:Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.他妈妈十分地爱他，对他要求很严格。LastsummerIvisitedthePeople'GreatHall,iChina,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecoming^moreandmore.powerful.-.中国是1949LastsummerIvisitedthePeople'GreatHall,iy-year..y-year..去年七.As和which引导非限定性定语从句的辨析关系。或句关系代词as和which都能引导非限定性定语从句代表整个句子的内容，厶as、引导的从句可位于句首。爲语义“正容”导的疋语从句则不能位或句Hewaslateagain,as/whichwehadexpected.=Aswehadexpected,hewaslateagain.Thestreethasn'beenclearedforweeks,whichmakesitverydirty.Ashasalreadybeen