2017年12月大学英语四级考试真题全(第一套)

2017年12月大学英语四级考试真题第一套新东方在线Writing(25minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashorteasyonhowtobesthandletherelationshipbetweendoctorsandpatients.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.ListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.A)HerfriendErika.C)Hergrandfather.Herlittlebrother.D)Hergrandmother.A)Bytakingpicturesforpassers-by.C)Bysellinglemonadeandpictures.Byworkingparttimeatahospital.D)Byaskingforhelponsocialmedia.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.A)Findingcheaperwaysofhighwayconstruction.Generatingelectricpowerforpassingvehicles.Providingcleanenergytofivemillionpeople.Testingtheefficiencyofthenewsolarpanel.A)Theycanstandthewearandtearofnaturalelements.Theycanbelaidrightontopofexistinghighways.Theyareonlyabouthalfaninchthick.Theyaremadefromcheapmaterials.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5.A)Endlessfightingintheregion.Thehazardsfromthedesert.5.A)Endlessfightingintheregion.Thehazardsfromthedesert.Inadequatefundingforresearch.Thelackofcluesaboutthespecies.A)Toobservethewildlifeinthetwonationalparks.Toidentifythereasonsforthelions’disappearance.TostudythehabitatoflionsinSudanandEthiopia.Tofindevidenceoftheexistenceofthe“lostlions”.A)Lionswalking.C)Somecampingfacilities.B)Lions’tracks.D)Trapssetbylocalhunters.SectionBDirections：Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8.A)Her‘luckybirthday’.8.A)Her‘luckybirthday’.Acallfromherdad.Herweddinganniversary.Aspecialgiftfromtheman.A)Gaveherabigmodelplane.Boughtheragoodnecklace.A)Gaveherabigmodelplane.Boughtheragoodnecklace.Tookheronatripoverseas.D)Threwherasurpriseparty.A)Thegiftherhusbandhasbought.Thetripherhusbandhasplanned.Whathasbeentroublingherhusband.Whatherhusbandandthemanareupto.A)Hewillbegladtobeaguideforthecouple’sholidaytrip.Hewilltellthewomenthesecretifherhusbandagrees.Heiseagertolearnhowthecouple’sholidayturnsout.D)Hewantstofindoutaboutthecouple’sholidayplan.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Theyaresensitivetothedynamicsofanegotiation.Theyseetheimportanceofmakingcompromises.Theyknowwhentoadoptatoughattitude.Theytaketherival’sattitudeintoaccount.A)Theyknowhowtoadapt.Theyknowwhentostop.A)Theyknowhowtoadapt.Theyknowwhentostop.A)Theyarepatient.Theyaregoodatexpression.Theyknowhowtocontroltheiremotion.Theylearnquickly.Theyupholdtheirprinciples.A)Makeclearone'sintentions.Clarifyitemsofnegotiation.A)Makeclearone'sintentions.Clarifyitemsofnegotiation.Formulateone'sstrategy.Gettoknowtheotherside.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonly

once.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),D).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)WhenAmerica'searliestspaceprogramstarted.WhentheInternationalSpaceStationwasbuilt.Howmanyspaceshuttlemissionstherewillbe.HowspaceresearchbenefitspeopleonEarth.A)Theyaccuratelycalculatedthespeedoftheorbitingshuttles.Theydevelopedobjectsforastronautstouseinouterspace.Theytriedtomeetastronauts'specificrequirements.Theytriedtomakebestuseofthelatesttechnology.A)Theyareextremelyaccurate.C)Theywerefirstmadeinspace.Theyareexpensivetomake.D)Theywereinventedinthe1970s.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)ItwaswhenherancestorscametoAmerica.Peoplehadplentyoflandtocultivatethen.Itmarkedthebeginningofsomethingnew.Everythingwasnaturalandgenuinethen.Theyhadallkindsofentertainment.Theywereknowntobecreative.Theyhadallkindsofentertainment.Theywereknowntobecreative.Polishingallthesilverwork.Doingneedleworkbythefire.Theyenjoyedlivingalivingalifeofease.A)Chattingwithherancestors.Furnishinghercountryhouse.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Useamaptoidentifyyourlocation.C)Sitdownandtrytocalmyourself.Callyourfamilyorfriendsforhelp.D)Trytofollowyourfootprintsback.A)Youmayfindawayoutwithoutyourknowingit.Youmayexposeyourselftounexpecteddangers.Youmaygetdrownedinasuddenflood.Youmayendupenteringawonderland.Startafire.Walkuphill.Startafire.Walkuphill.Waitpatiently.

C)Checkthelocalweather.D)Findamapandacompass.C)Checkthelocalweather.D)Findamapandacompass.Prepareenoughfoodanddrink.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Aratorpigeonmightnotbetheobviouschoicetotendtosomeonewhoissick,butthesecreatureshavesome26skillsthatcouldhelpthetreatmentofhumandiseases.Pigeonsareoftenseenasdirtybirdsandanurban27,buttheyarejustthelatestinalonglineofanimalsthathavebeenfoundtohaveabilitiestohelphumans.Despitehavingabrainnobiggerthanthe28ofyourindexfinger,pigeonshaveaveryimpressive29memory.Recentlyitwasshownthattheycouldbetrainedtobeasaccurateashumansatdetectingbreastcancerinimages.Ratsareoften30withspreadingdiseaseratherthan31it,butthislong-tailedanimalishighly32.Insidearat'snoseareupto1,000differenttypesofolfactoryreceptors(嗅觉感受器)，whereashumansonlyhave100to200types.Thisgivesratstheabilitytodetect—33smells.Asaresult,someratsarebeingputtoworktodetect77?(肺结核).Whentheratsdetectthesmell,theystopandrubtheirlegsto34asampleisinfected.Traditionally,ahundredsampleswouldtakelabtechniciansmorethantwodaysto35,butforaratittakeslessthan20minutes.Thisratdetectionmethoddoesn'trelyonspecialistequipment.Itisalsomoreaccurate—theratsareabletofindmoreTBinfectionsand,therefore,savemorelives.A)associatedI)slightB)examineJ)specifyC)indicateK)superiorD)nuisanceL)suspiciousE)peakM)tipF)preventingN)treatedG)prohibitingO)visualH)sensitiveSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.DoIn-ClassExamsMakeStudentsStudyHarder?Researchsuggeststheymaystudymorebroadlyfortheunexpectedratherthansearchforanswers.Ihavealwaysbeenapoortest-taker.SoitmayseemratherstrangethatIhavereturnedtocollegetofinishthedegreeIleftundonesomefourdecadesago.IammakingmywaythroughColumbiaUniversity,surroundedbystudentswhoquicklysupplytheverbalanswerwhileIamstillprocessingthequestion.Sincethereisnowayformetoavoidexams,Iamcurrentlyquestioningwhatkindarethemosttaxingandultimatelybeneficial.Ihavealreadysweatedthroughnumerousin-classmidtermsandfinals,andnowIhaveaprofessorwhoissuestake-homeones.IwasexcitedwhenIlearnedthis,figuringIhadafullweektodotheresearch,readthetexts,andwriteitallup.Infact,Iwasstillrewritingmymidtermthemorningitwasdue.TosayIhadlostthethreadisputtingitmildly.AsIwassufferingthroughmyweekofanxiety,overthinkingthematerialandguessingmygraspofit,Ididsomeofmyownpollingamongstudentsandprofessors.DavidEisenbach,whoteachesapopularclassonU.S.presidentsatColumbia,prefersthein-classvariety.Hebelievesstudentsultimatelylearnmoreandencouragesthemtoformstudygroups.“Thatwaytheysocializeoverhistoryoutsidetheclass,whichwouldn’thappenwithoutthepressureofanin-classexam,”heexplained,“Furthermore,in-classexamsforcestudentstolearnhowtoperformunderpressure,andessentialworkskill.”Healsosaysthereislesschanceofcheatingwiththein-classvariety.In2012,125studentsatHarvardwerecaughtupinascandalwhenitwasdiscoveredtheyhadcheatedonatake-homeexamforaclassentitled“IntroductionToCongress.”Somecollegeshavewhattheycallan“honorcode,”thoughifyouaresmartenoughtogetintotheseschools,youareeithersmartenoughtogetaroundanycodesorhopefully,tooethicaltoconsiderdoingso.AsIsatblockedandcluelessfortwosoliddays,ImomentarilywonderedifIcouldn’tjustcallanexpertonthesubjectmatterwhichIwastackling,orsomeonewhotooktheclasspreviously,togetmegoing.FollowingtheHarvardscandal,MaryMiller,theformerdeanofstudentsatYale,madeanimpassionedappealtoherschool’sprofessorstorefrainfromtake-honeexams.“Studentsriskhealthandwellbeing,aswellasperformanceinotherend-of-termwork,whenfacultyofferstake-homeexamswithoutclear,time-limitedboundaries,”shetoldme.“Researchnowshowsthatregularquizzes,shortessays,andotherassignmentsoverthecourseofatermbetterenhancelearningandretention.”Mostcollegeprofessorsagreethekindofexamtheychooselargelydependsonthesubject.Aquantitative-basedone,forexample,isunlikelytobesenthome,whereonecouldasktheirolderbrothersandsisterstohelp.Vocational-typeclasses,suchascomputerscienceorjournalism,ontheotherhand,areoftenmoreresearch-orientedandlendthemselvestotake-hometesting.ChrisKoch,whoteaches“HistoryofBroadcastJournalism”atMontgomeryCommunityCollegeinRockville,Maryland,pointsoutthatreportingisaboutinvestigationratherthanthememorizationofminutedetails.“Inmyfield,it’snotwhatyouknow—it’swhatyouknowhowtofindout,”saysKoch.“Thereiswaytoomuchinformation,andmorecomingallthetime,foranyonetoremember.Iwantmystudentstosearchouttheanswerstoquestionsbyusingalltheresourcesavailabletothem.Students’test-formpreferencesvary,too,oftendependingonthesubjectandcoursedifficulty.“Iprefertake-homeessaysbecauseitisthenreallyaboutthewriting,soyouhavetimetoeditanddomoreresearch,”saysElizabethDresser,ajunioratBarnard.Thenthereisthestressfactor.FrancescaHaass,asenioratMiddlebury,says,“Ifindthein-classonesaremorestressfulintheshortterm,butthereisimmediatereliefasyouswallowinformationlikemad,andthenyougettoforgetitall.Take-homesrequirethoughtfulengagementwhichcanleadtolongertermstressasthereisneveramomentwhenthetimeisup.”Meanwhile,OliviaRubin,asophomoreatEmory,saysshehardlyevenconsiderstake-homestrueexams.“Ifyouunderstandthematerialandhavetheabilitytoarticulate（说出）yourthoughts,theyshouldbeabreeze.”Howstudentsultimatelyhandlestressmaydependontheirpersonaltest-takingabilities.Therearepeoplewhoalwayswaituntilthelastminute,andmakeitmuchharderthanitneedstobe.Andthentherethosewho,notknowingwhatquestionsarecomingatthem,andhavingnoresourcestoreferto,canfreeze.Andthentherearewerarefolkswhofitboththosedescriptions.Yes,myadvancedagemustfactorintotheequation（等式）,inpartbecauseofmyinabilitytoaccesstheinformationasquickly.AsanotherreturningstudentatColumbia,KateMarber,toldme,“Wearelearningnotonlyallthisinformation,butessentiallyhowtolearnagain.Ourfellowstudentshavejustcomeoutofhighschool.Alothaschangedsincewewerelastinschool.”Ifnothingelse,thesituationhasgivenmycollegesonandmesomethingtoshare,WhenIaskedhisopiniononthismatter,heresponded,“Ilikein-classexamsbecausethetimeisalreadyreserved,asopposedtousingmyfreetimeathometoworkonatest,”heresponded.Itseemstomethatacompromisewouldbereceivingtheexamquestionsadayortwoinadvance,andthendoingtheactualtestinclassthetickingclockoverhead.Betteryet,howaboutwhatoneHunterCollegeprofessorreportedlydidrecentlyforherfinalexam:Sheencouragedtheclassnottostressorevenstudy,promisingthat,“Itisgoingtobeapieceofcake.”Whenthestudentscamein,sharpenedpencilsinhand,therewasnotabluebookinsight.Rather,theysawalargechocolatecakeandtheyeachweregivenaslice.Elderlystudentsfindithardtokeepupwiththerapidchangesineducation.Somebelievetake-homeexamsmayaffectstudents'performanceinothercourses.Certainprofessorsbelievein-classexamsareultimatelymorehelpfultostudents.In-classexamsarebelievedtodiscouragecheatinginexams.Theauthorwashappytolearnshecoulddosomeexamsathome.Studentswhoputofftheirworkuntilthelastmomentoftenfindtheexamsmoredifficultthantheyactuallyare.Differentstudentsmaypreferdifferenttypesofexams.Mostprofessorsagreewhethertogiveanin-classoratake-homeexamdependsontypeofcoursebeingtaught.Theauthordroppedoutofcollegesomefortyyearsago.Somestudentsthinktake-homeexamswilleatuptheirfreetime.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46and50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thatpeopleoftenexperiencetroublesleepinginadifferentbedinunfamiliarsurroundingsisaphenomenonknownasthe“first-night”effect.Ifapersonstaysinthesameroomthefollowingnighttheytendtosleepmoresoundly.YukaSasakiandhercolleaguesatBrownUniversitysetouttoinvestigatetheoriginsofthiseffect.Dr.Sasakiknewthefirst-nighteffectprobablyhassomethingtodowithhowhumansevolved.Thepuzzlewaswhatbenefitwouldbegainedfromitwhenperformancemightbeaffectedthefollowingday.Shealsoknewfrompreviousworkconductedonbirdsanddolphinsthattheseanimalsputhalfoftheirbrainstosleepatatimesothattheycanrestwhileremainingalertenoughtoavoidpredators(捕食者).Thisledhertowonderifpeoplemightbedoingthesamething.Totakeacloserlook,herteamstudied35healthypeopleastheysleptintheunfamiliarenvironmentoftheuniversity’sDepartmentofPsychologicalSciences.Theparticipantseachsleptinthedepartmentfortwonightsandwerecarefullymonitoredwithtechniquesthatlookedattheactivityoftheirbrains.Dr.Sasakifound,asexpected,theparticipantssleptlesswellontheirfirstnightthantheydidontheirsecond,takingmorethantwiceaslongtofallasleepandsleepinglessoverall.Duringdeepsleep,theparticipants’brainsbehavedinasimilarmannerseeninbirdsanddolphins.Onthefirstnightonly,thelefthemispheres(半球)oftheirbrainsdidnotsleepnearlyasdeeplyastheirrighthemispheresdid.Curiousifthelefthemisphereswereindeedremainingawaketoprocessinformationdetectedinthesurroundingenvironment,Dr.Sasakire-rantheexperimentwhilepresentingthesleepingparticipantswithamixofregularlytimedbeeps(蜂鸣声)ofthesametoneandirregularbeepsofadifferenttoneduringthenight.Sheworkedoutthat,ifthelefthemispherewasstayingalerttokeepguardinastrangeenvironment,thenitwouldreacttotheirregularbeepsbystirringpeoplefromsleepandwouldignoretheregularlytimedones.Thisispreciselywhatshefound.Whatdidresearchersfindpuzzlingaboutthefirst-nighteffect?Towhatextentitcantroublepeople.C)Whatcircumstancesmaytriggerit.Whatroleithasplayedinevolution.D)Inwhatwayitcanbebeneficial.WhatdowelearnaboutDr.YukaSasakidoingherresearch?Shefoundbirdsanddolphinsremainalertwhileasleep.Shefoundbirdsanddolphinssleepinmuchthesameway.ShegotsomeideafrompreviousstudiesonbirdsanddolphinsD)Sheconductedstudiesonbirds’anddolphins’sleepingpatterns.WhatdidDr.Sasakidowhenshefirstdidherexperiment?Shemonitoredthebrainactivityofparticipantssleepinginanewenvironment.Sherecruited35participantsfromherDepartmentofPsychologicalSciences.Shestudiedthedifferencesbetweenthetwosidesofparticipants’brains.Shetestedherfindingsaboutbirdsanddolphinsonhumansubjects.WhatdidDr.Sasakidowhenre-runningherexperiment?Sheanalyzedthenegativeeffectofirregulartonesonbrains.Sherecordedparticipants’adaptationtochangedenvironment.Sheexposedherparticipantstotwodifferentstimuli.Shecomparedtheresponsesofdifferentparticipants.WhatdidDr.Sasakifindabouttheparticipantsinherexperiment?Theytendedtoenjoycertaintonesmorethanothers.Theytendedtoperceiveirregularbeepsasathreat.Theyfeltsleepywhenexposedtoregularbeeps.Theydifferedintheirtoleranceofirregulartones.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.It’stimetoreevaluatehowwomenhandleconflictatwork.Beingoverworkedorover-committedathomeandonthejobwillnotgetyouwhereyouwanttobeinlife.Itwillonlyslowyoudownandhinderyourcareergoals.Didyouknowwomenaremorelikelythanmentofeelexhausted?Nearlytwiceasmanywomenthanmenages18-44reportedfeeling“verytired”or“exhausted”,accordingtoarecentstudy.Thismaynotbesurprisinggiventhatthisistheagerangewhenwomenhavechildren.It'salsotheagerangewhenmanywomenaretryingtobalancecareersandhome.Onereasonwomenmayfeelexhaustedisthattheyhaveahardtimesaying"no."Womenwanttobeabletodoitallvolunteerforschoolpartiesorcookdeliciousmeals-andsotheiranswertoanyrequestisoften“Yes,Ican.”Womenstruggletosay“no”intheworkplaceforsimilarreasons,includingthedesiretobelikedbytheircolleagues.Unfortunately,thisinabilitytosay"no"maybehurtingwomen'sheathaswellastheircareer.Attheworkplace,menuseconflictasawaytopositionthemselves,whilewomenoftenavoidconflictorstrivetobethepeacemaker,becausetheydon'twanttobeviewedasaggressiveordisruptiveatwork.Forexample,there’saproblemthatneedstobeaddressedimmediately,resultinginadisputeovershouldbetheonetofixit.Menaremorelikelytofacethatdisputef