(完整版)中考复习-人教版初中英语语法定语从句-

TheAttributiveClause定语从句

一个美丽的女孩

abeautifulgirl（形容词作前置定语）一个穿白色衣服的女孩agirlinwhiteinwhite（介词短语作后置定语）一个正唱歌的女孩agirl issinging

whoissinging（定语从句，agirl为先行词）定语是句子成分之一，可以由单词、短语或从句担当，对名（代）词修饰和限制。名（代）词称为中心词。形容词作定语一般前置，短语和从句作定语要后置，翻译成“……的”。另外名词、数词、非谓语动词（短语）、介词短语也可以担当定语。LiMingisaboy.LiMingisagoodboy.LiMingisagoodboy

.形容词作定语介词短语作定语在复合句中，修饰一个名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。goodwithglasseswhoiswearingglasses句子作定语先行词引导词(关系词）从句Maryisagirlwho

haslonghair.（被修饰的名词或代词）（跟在先行词后，引导从句的词）修饰先行词的句子定语从句分析结构：先行词+引导词+从句引导词的作用:(1)引导定语从句

(2)在从句中作一成份

(3)代替先行词在从句中的位置ThisisthecardthatI’vejustreceived先行词引导词从句关系代词关系副词who,that

,which

,whom,whoseWhere,when,why做题一般步骤1.确定先行词：空格之前的单词或词组2.将先行词带入定语从句，还原从句为完整句子3.根据先行词在还原句中的成分确定引导词步骤二步骤三Inwhich=

where

步骤一先行词house，带入句子Iliveinthehouse(正确)Thisisthehouse_______Ilive.关系代词关系副词

先行词句中作用省否who人主语/宾语

关系代词在句中作宾语可以省略whom人宾语which物主语／宾语that人／物主语／宾语whose人／物定语When时间状语where地点状语whyreason状语■关系代词who,whom的用法who和whom均只用于指人，不用于指事或物，其中who在定语从句中用作主语，whom在定语从句中用作宾语。如：Imetagirlwhoknewyoursister.我碰到一个认识你姐姐的姑娘。InBerlin,hefirstmetthewomanwhomhewouldonedaymarry.在柏林，他第一次遇见那个女人，后来他终于跟她结了婚。但是，用作宾语的whom如果不是紧跟在介词之后，通常会被省略或用who,that代之。如：ThepersontowhomIcomplainedisthemanager.我向他投诉的那个人是经理。Theperson(who,whom,that)Icomplainedtoisthemanager.我向他投诉的那个人是经理。

关系代词的作用■关系代词whose的用法关系代词whose既可用于指人，也可用于指事或物，它在定语从句中主要用作定语。如：Sheisthewomanwhosecarwasstolen.她就是汽车被盗的女人。Thisisthehousewhosewindowswerebroken.这就是窗户被打破了的房子。Mrs.Gray,whosechildrenareincollege,istryingtogetajob.格雷太太的孩子们都在上大学，她想找一份工作。Hishouse,whosewindowswereallbroken,wasadepressingsight.他的房子窗户无一完好，一派令人心酸的景象。关系代词which的用法which：只用于指事或物，不用于指人，它在定语从句中主要用作主语或宾语。如：（1）Shewasnotonthetrainwhicharrivedjustnow.（which在句中作主语）

她不在刚才到达的那列火车上。（2）Henevergotbackthemoneywhichhehadlenthim.他从未收回他曾借给他的那笔钱。（which在句中作宾语）which在引导定语从句，作宾语是可以省略：

Isthisthebook（which）youarelookingfor？(lookfor寻找)这是你要找的书吗？关系代词that用法一、指人的用法that用于指人，在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语。如：Adriverthathasknockedsomeonedownmuststop.撞人的司机必须停车。Heisthemanthatyouhavebeenlookingfor.他就是你要找的那个人。Heisnotthatmanthathewas.他已不是过去的他了。二、指物的用法that用于指物，在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语。如：ThisistheplanethatwillflytoTokyointheafternoon.这是下午要飞往东京的那架飞机。ShewasannoyedbysomethingthatIhadsaid.她为我说的某句话而不高兴。Shengzhenisnotthecitythatitusedtobe.深圳现在已不是原来的那个城市了。TheboyisTom.Theboyissmiling.TheboyisTom.Theboyhasaroundface.TheboywhoissmilingisTom.

(主语)Theboy

whohasaroundfaceisTom.TheboyisTom.Hesitsinfrontofme.ThemanwhositsinfrontofmeisTom.Thewomangotthejob.

ThewomancanspeakRussian.Thewoman

whocanspeakRussian

gotthejob.Theteacherwillgiveusatalk.

Theteacherisfamous.Theteacherwhoisfamouswillgiveusatalk.Themaniskind.Everyonelikeshim.Theman(whom)everyonelikesiskind.

(宾语)

Thewomangotthejob.

Wesawheronthestreet.Thewoman(whom)wesawonthestreet

gotthejob.Theteacherwillgiveusatalk.

Wemettheteacheryesterday.Theteacher(whom)wemetyesterdaywillgiveusatalk.

Doyouknowtheman?

Hecametovisityoutoday.Doyouknowthemanwhocametovisityoutoday?

Doyouknowtheman?

Youwillvisithimtoday.Doyouknowthemanwhomyouwillvisittoday?

Mrs.Clarkisangrywiththegoat（山羊）.

Thegoatiseatingherflowers.Mrs.Clarkisangrywiththegoatwhich

iseatingherflowers.Canyoulendmethebook?

Youtalkedaboutitlastnight.Canyoulendmethebook(which)youtalkedaboutlastnight.

关系词注意:从句中的谓语动词要和先行词保持一致that指人或物which指物who指人1、当先行词是anything,everything,nothing(something除外),few,all,none,little,some等代词时，或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much，each等修饰时(1)Haveyoutakendowneverything(that)Mr.Lihassaid?

(2)Thereseemstobenothing(that)seemsimpossibleforhimintheworld.

(3)Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.

(4)Thereislittle(that)Icandoforyou.

注意1：部分时候that可以省略，如部分例句将that用括号括住。注意2：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who

(4)Anymanthat/.whohasasenseofdutywon’tdosuchathing.

that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,

一般用that而不用which。2、当先行词被序数词修饰ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.3、当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.

4、当形容词被thevery,theonly，thesame,thelast,any,little等修饰时(1)ThisistheverygooddictionarythatIwanttobuy.

(2)Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowned.

当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who：(3)WangHuaistheonlypersoninourschoolwhowillattendthemeeting？

5、当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时(1)Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?

(2)WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?

6、当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时Canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwehavelearned?

7.当关系代词在定语从句中做表语Thevillageisnolongertheonethatitusedtobe10yearsago.

8.当在therebe句型中，通常情况下用that，不用which

who,that

（先行词为人）区别1.用who不用that的情况：(1)当先行词为one,ones,anyone,those时。(2)当先行词为人称代词时。HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.Thosewhohaveanydifficultywithpronunciationshouldpractise2.只能用which的情况:

1.介词前置时关系代词只能用which(先行词为物)2.引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时只能用which(1)Shefailedtheexam,whichmadeherparentsvaryangry.(2)Myglasses,withoutwhichIwaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbroke.whose

在定语从句中作定语,表示引导词与whose

后的名词为所属关系。

whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与ofwhich互换使用。比如：

Thisisthebookwhosecoverisblue.Thisisthebookofwhichthecoverisblue.Thisisthebookthecoverofwhich

isblue.Doyouknowthegirl?HerhairisveryshortinourclassDoyouknowthegirlwhosehairisveryshortinourclass?（thehairofwhom）

Heisthestudent.IbrokehispencilyesterdayHeisthestudentwhosepencilIbrokeyesterday.（thepencilofwhom）As也可以用来引导定语从句.当先行词与as,so,such,thesame连用或先行词本身是such,thesame时,关系代词用as.As在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。1.Heisnot

suchaman

asonlythinksofhimself.2.Ishouldliketousethesamepen

as

Iusedyesterday.3.Suchproblemsasareoftenmentionedshouldbesolved.4.Iwillreadasmanybooksasarerequired.5.Hereissobigastoneasnoonecanlift.关系副词关系副词：在句中作状语关系副词=介词+关系代词why=forwhich

where=in/at/on/...which(介词同先行词搭配)

when=during/on/in/...which(介词同先行词搭配)when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用

(1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.(2)Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语

(1)ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.(2)ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语

(1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.(2)Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换

(1)Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,(2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句指代对象先行词关系副词及相应结构时间day\year\date\timewhen\duringwhichtime地点theplace\thecity\地点where\inwhich\fromwhich原因thereasonwhy\that\forwhichwhen在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。I’llneverforgetthedaywhen

Ijoinedtheleagueonwhichwhere在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.inwhichwhy在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词for+关系代词（which）”。Doyouknowthereasonwhyshewaslate.Itrainedheavily,forwhichhewaslatefortheclass.1.Thisisthetown__________Iwasborn.Thisisthetown_________Ivisitedlastweek.2.Iwillneverforgettheday_______Icametoschool.Iwillneverforgettheday_______Ispentwithyou.3.Thisisthereason________hewaslate.

Thisisthereason________hetoldme.Thereason_________heexplainedisnottrue.

wherewhichwhenwhichwhywhichwhich“介词＋关系代词(whom/which)”引导定语从句应注意：1介词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素A.与先行词的搭配关系1）Iwillneverforgettheday_____________Ijoinedthearmy.2)Iwillneverforgetthedays____________Iworkedintheschool.3)Iwillneverforgettheyear____________mysonwenttocollege.4)Igothomeat7:00p.m.yesterday,____________mostpeoplehadhadsupper.onwhichduringwhichinwhichbywhichB.与谓语动词的搭配习惯1）Haveyoufoundthebook____________Ipaid29USdollars?（payfor花费）2)Haveyoufoundthebook_____________Ispent29USdollars?(spendon花费）3)Haveyoufoundthebook_____________welearntalot?(learnfrom…从哪里学到)4)Haveyoufoundthebook____________sheoftentalks?（talkabout谈论）forwhichonwhichfromwhichaboutwhich关系代词作介词宾语的几种结构：1.介词+whom\whichThewomangeneralstillrememberthedayonwhichshejoinedthearmy2.介词短语+which\whomThefishermanlivedinasmallhouseinfrontofwhichliesawell.

3.不定代词或数词+which\whomTherearemanybookshere,noneofwhichbelongstome.Chinahasalotoffamouswriters,oneofwhomisLuxun.4.名词+ofwhichShementionedamagazine,thetitleofwhichIhaveforgotten.partofwhom/whichThereare23studentsinourclass,

A:________________(他们都）lovemothersdeeply.B:________________（大多数）arefromcountryside.C:________________（有些）arefromXiabanchengD:________________（没有一个）arefromBeijing

allofwhommostofwhomsomeofwhomnoneofwhomThereare23studentsinourclass.

(,and)A:________________(他们都）lovemothersdeeply.B:________________（大多数）arefromcountryside.C:________________（有些）arefromXiabanchengD:________________（没有一个）arefromBeijingallofthemmostofthemsomeofthemnoneofthemEverystudenthasmanybooks,

A:______________（大多数）aretextbooks.B:________________（一些）areextracurricularbooks.C:______________（其余的）arereferencebooks.D:________________（没有一本）arenovels.E:_______________（有几本）areEnglishbooks.mostofwhichsomeofwhichtherestofwhichnoneofwhichseveralofwhichExercise1:用关系代词填空Theboy____________isplayingping-pongismyclassmate.Thee-mail___________Ireceivedyesterdaywasfrommysister.Ihatepeople______________talkmuchbutdolittle.Thecar_____________myfatherboughtlastmonthisverybeautiful.who/thatwhich/thatwho/thatwhich/that5.Theman______hairiswhiteishisgrandfather.6.Isthereastudent_________fatherisabusinessman?7.Thisisthehousein________wehavelivedfor10years.8.I’veneverheardofthepeopleandthings________youtalkedaboutjustnow.whosewhosewhichthat当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that.Exercise2.Myfatherandhisteachertalkedalotaboutthepersonsandthings______theycouldn’tremember.Sayall________youknow.Isthereanything______Icandoforyou?thatthatthat当先行词是something,anything,nothing,

all

等词时，关系代词只能用that.4.Thisisthefirstplay________IhaveseensinceIcamehere.5.Thisisthebestnovel_______Ihaveread.thatthat当先行词被序数词，最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that.6.Whoisthegirl_______isstandingunderthetree?7.Whichisthemachine____weusedlastSunday.当主句是who或which引导的特殊疑问句，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that.thatthatMatchthetwosentences1.I’mreadingabook.ThebookisaboutBillGates._______________________________________2.Heisateacher.TheteacherteachesusChinese._______________________________________3.Idon’tliketheman.Heissmoking.____________________________________4.Whereisthepicture?Youboughtitlastweek._______________________________________I’mreadingabookthat/whichisaboutBillGates.Heisateacherwho/thatteachesusChinese.Idon’tlikethemanwhoissmoking.Whereisthepicturethatyouboughtlastweek?限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：Themanwhocamehereyesterdayhascomeagain.

限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句，写时往往逗号分开。

1.Hismother,whomheloveddearly,wentabroad.2.Thismachine,whichhehaslookedafterformanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly.3.Aqiao,whoseparentshaddied,hadtomakealivingbyherself.4.Thefamily,wholivedupstairs,arefondofmusic.说明：非限制性定语不能用that引导；作宾语用的关系代词不能省；要用逗号隔开。*As和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别：Which引导的从句与主句关系较密切，常放在主句之后；而as引导从句，可放在句首、句中或句尾。Which既可代指先行词，又可代指整个主句的内容。相当于“andthis”or“andthat”.译为“这一点”。而as则只能代指整个主句的内容。译为“正如…..那样”，且已形成固定结构。如：asisknown,asissaid,asisreported,asisoftenthecase,asisexpected.Etc.

如.Einstein,asisknown,isafamousscientist.

Asisreported,Chinahasbecomeanimportantcountryintheworld.Hedidn’tcometoattendthemeeting,asisexpected.Bambooishollow,whichmakesitverylight.Mysonnowgoestotheschool,whichIusedgotowhenIwasachild.3.定语从句和状语从句（1）句从引导词来看，状语从句中的that是连词，在从句中不充当任何成分，而定语从句中的as在从句中要作一个成分（主语，宾语或表语）。(1)Thisissuchabigstone_______noonecanliftit.Thisissuchabigstone_______noonecanlift.(2)Pleaseputtheletterinthedrawer___________hecaneasilyfindit.Pleaseputtheletter_________hecaneasilyfindit.thataswherewhere4.定语从句和名词性从句

(1)Hedidall(that)hecouldtohelpme.(=what)(2)Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.(=what)(3)_______isknowntousall,theearthturnsroundthesun.Itisknowntousall_______TaiwanbelongstoChina.(4)______isknowntousallisthattheearthissmallerthanthesun.AsthatWhat定语从句和强调句强调句句型：Itis/w